Deforestación y reforestación en la Sierra de Guadalupe, Estado de México, como un sistema social en red.

Deforestation is a complex and multifactorial problem. In Mexico, this phenomenon is exacerbated by urbanization in metropolitan areas. The Sierra de Guadalupe is situated in the Valley of Mexico and is a Protected Natural Area (PNA) that has been continually devastated by encroaching human settlement. In the area of mountain range located in the State of Mexico, attempts have been made to counteract deforestation with reforestation in degraded areas. However, these activities have been modified by the social, economic and political realities of this area. Our aim was to analyze the reforestation process in the Sierra de Guadalupe in the State of Mexico, during the period 2009-2020, by analyzing the social network and the structural phenomenon generated between social actors, reforested places and species used. Results indicated that 416.9 hectares have been reforested, affecting 75 localities, with participation of around 300 social actors, using 50 species, of which only 15 are native to the Sierra de Guadalupe ecosystem. Unequal distribution of resources used for reforestation was apparent, when comparing the municipalities analyzed (Coacalco, Ecatepec, Tlalnepantla and Tultitlán), despite being part of the same ecological corridor.La deforestación es una problemática compleja y multifactorial. En México, este fenómeno se agudiza por la urbanización en las zonas metropolitanas. En la Cuenca de México, se encuentra la Sierra de Guadalupe, un Área Natural Protegida que ha sido devastada continuamente por los asentamientos humanos. En la porción de la sierra ubicada en el Estado de México, se ha tratado de contrarrestar la deforestación con reforestaciones en zonas degradadas. Sin embargo, estas actividades se han visto modificadas por las realidades sociales, econó­micas y políticas de dicha zona. El objetivo, fue analizar el proceso de reforestación en la Sierra de Guadalupe en el Estado de México, en el periodo 2009-2020, utilizando el análisis de redes sociales y la representación estructural generada entre actores sociales, lugares reforestados y especies empleadas. Los resultados mostraron que se han reforestado 416.9 hectáreas, incidiendo en 75 localidades, donde han participado alrededor de 300 actores sociales, utilizándose 50 especies, de las cuales, únicamente 15 son nativas del ecosistema de la Sierra de Guadalupe. Se observó una distribución desigual de los recursos utilizados en las reforestaciones, entre los municipios analizados (Coacalco, Ecatepec, Tlalnepantla y Tultitlán), a pesar de ser parte del mismo corredor ecológico

Title: Commitments of Colombians to take care of their Cardiovascular Health: Results of a National Survey

Introducción: Estudios señalan a la adopción de conductas saludables como la manera más eficiente para frenar el crecimiento de las enfermedades no transmisibles incluyendo la enfermedad cardiovascular.  Objetivo: Identificar los compromisos que tienen los colombianos para cuidar su salud cardiovascular. Métodos: Mediante una encuesta virtual se obtuvieron las promesas de los participantes. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo con BigQuery y visualizaciones en DataStudio.  Resultados: Se analizaron 1501 encuestas con 23.822 compromisos. 59.6% eran mujeres, el rango de edad con mayor participación fue 31-45 años (47,03%) y Bogotá fue la ciudad con mayor participación (22,2%). “Voy a sonreír al saludar, cuando pido un favor y cuando doy las gracias” fue el compromiso más votado y “Voy a dejar de fumar” el menos votado. Conclusiones: Una participación de diferentes ciudades, grupos etarios y géneros fue útil para identificar el compromiso de los colombianos para cuidar su corazón.Introduction: Studies indicate that the most efficient way to stop the excessive growth of non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular disease is by promoting healthy behaviors. Objective: To identify the commitment of Colombians to improve their cardiovascular health. Methods: Through a virtual survey, commitments were evaluated and captured. A descriptive analysis was conducted in a BigQuery structure with visualizations in DataStudio.  Results:1501 surveys were obtained resulting in 23,822 commitments. 59.6% were women and the age range with the highest participation was 31-45 years (47.03%). Bogotá had the highest participation (22.2%). The most voted commitment was "I am going to smile when I say hello, when I ask for a favor and when I say thank you” (1032) and the least was "I am going to quit smoking" (225). Conclusions: Participation from different cities, age groups, and genders were useful to identify the commitments that Colombians have for their cardiovascular health

Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness

Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association

Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five novel loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci are also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρgenetic=0.748), which indicated a similar genetic background and allowed for the identification of four additional loci through meta-analysis (Ncombined = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, Parkinson’s disease, and enriched near genes involved in growth pathways including PI3K–AKT signaling. These findings identify biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and provide genetic support for theories on brain reserve and brain overgrowth

Defining the causes of sporadic Parkinson's disease in the global Parkinson's genetics program (GP2)

The Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) will genotype over 150,000 participants from around the world, and integrate genetic and clinical data for use in large-scale analyses to dramatically expand our understanding of the genetic architecture of PD. This report details the workflow for cohort integration into the complex arm of GP2, and together with our outline of the monogenic hub in a companion paper, provides a generalizable blueprint for establishing large scale collaborative research consortia

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of Parkinson?s disease

Although over 90 independent risk variants have been identified for Parkinson’s disease using genome-wide association studies, most studies have been performed in just one population at a time. Here we performed a large-scale multi-ancestry meta-analysis of Parkinson’s disease with 49,049 cases, 18,785 proxy cases and 2,458,063 controls including individuals of European, East Asian, Latin American and African ancestry. In a meta-analysis, we identified 78 independent genome-wide significant loci, including 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300 and PPP6R2) and fine-mapped 6 putative causal variants at 6 known PD loci. By combining our results with publicly available eQTL data, we identified 25 putative risk genes in these novel loci whose expression is associated with PD risk. This work lays the groundwork for future efforts aimed at identifying PD loci in non-European populations

Induced sputum in HIV- infected patients: diagnosis of acute pulmonary diseases Escarro induzido nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV: diagnóstico das doenças pulmonares agudas

OBJECTIVE: To make a narrative review of the accuracy of induced sputum for diagnosis of pulmonary disease in HIV-infected patients. Data sources: The MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched. reference lists, abstracts of conference proceedings and scientific meetings were hand searched. METHODS: Study selection: Fifteen articles that specifically addressed the stated purpose were selected. Data extraction: Yield of sputum induction and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed using explicit methodologic to evaluate the quality of clinical trials. RESULTS: Sputum induction demonstrated 55.5% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity to Pneumocystis pneumonia. Sensitivity of sputum induction was significantly higher with immunofluorescence than with cytochemical staining (67.1 versus 43.1%). Sputum induction for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia demonstrated 60% sensitivity, 40% specificity, 80% positive predictive value, 20% negative predictive value and 56% accuracy. In relation to tuberculosis, sputum induction demonstrated 36% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 54.2% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION: Sputum induction seems to be effective and safe for diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in HIV-infected patients.<br>OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre a acurácia do escarro induzido no diagnóstico da doença pulmonar nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Fontes de dados: pesquisamos na MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE e Cochrane Library. Foi realizada busca manual nas listas de referências e em resumos de anais e conferências em congressos. MÉTODOS: Seleção dos estudos: foram selecionados 15 artigos que se relacionavam ao objetivo proposto. Extração dos dados: analisamos o rendimento do escarro induzido e da broncofibroscopia com lavado broncoalveolar, empregando critérios metodológicos na avaliação da qualidade dos ensaios clínicos. RESULTADOS: O escarro induzido mostrou uma sensibilidade de 55,5% e especificidade de 98,6% no diagnóstico da pneumocistose; a sensibilidade do escarro induzido foi significativamente maior com a imunofluorescência do que com a coloração citoquímica (67,1 vs. 43,1%). O escarro induzido para o diagnóstico de pneumonia bacteriana mostrou uma sensibilidade de 60%, um especificidade de 40%, um valor preditivo positivo de 80%, um valor preditivo negativo de 20% e uma acurácia de 56%. Com relação à tuberculose, o escarro induzido mostrou uma sensibilidade de 36%, uma especificidade de 100%, um valor preditivo positivo de 100% e um valor preditivo negativo de 54,2%. CONCLUSÃO: O escarro induzido parece ser efetivo e seguro no diagnóstico das pneumopatias nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV

Actividad in vitro de promoción del crecimiento vegetal y control biológico de rizobacterias aisladas de zacate bermuda ruderal

Currently, the use of plant growth promoting bacteria is a viable alternative to the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. In order to obtain bacteria with the capacity to promote plant growth, in this work twelve strains with nitrogen fixation activity were isolated from the rhizosphere of bermuda grass (Cyonodon dactylon) ruderal. Based on the speed and intensity of the color change in the qualitative nitrogen fixation test, two isolates were selected for molecular identification and characterization. The amplification, sequencing and analysis of 16S rRNA ribosomal gene fragments allowed to identify Pseudomonas monteilii (Pm0710) and Chryseobacterium massiliae ca (Cm0711). Both isolates showed phosphate solubilization activity, production of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid and siderophores, alkaline phosphatase and ACC deaminase, as well as inhibition against: Fusarium brachygibbosum, F. falciforme, F. oxysporum and Ceratobasidium sp. Although Cm0711 was significantly higher than Pm0710 in most of the properties analyzed, the two bacteria have potential to be used as bio-inoculants; however, before validation must be done in vivo. Keywords: Ceratobasidium, Chryseobacterium massiliae, Fusarium, Pseudomonas monteilii, PGPRActualmente, el uso de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal resulta una alternativa viable al uso indiscriminado de agroquímicos. Con el fin de obtener bacterias con capacidad de promoción del crecimiento vegetal, en este trabajo se aislaron doce cepas con actividad de fijación de nitrógeno a partir de la rizósfera de zacate bermuda (Cyonodon dactylon) ruderal. Con base en la rapidez e intensidad del cambio de color en la prueba cualitativa de fijación del nitrógeno, se seleccionaron dos aislados para su identificación molecular y caracterización. La amplificación, secuenciación y análisis de fragmentos del gen ribosomal 16S rRNA permitió identificar a Pseudomonas monteilii (Pm0710) y Chryseobacterium massiliae ca (Cm0711). Ambos aislados mostraron actividad de solubilización de fosfatos, de producción de ácido indol-3-acético, ácido giberélico y sideróforos, de fosfatasa alcalina y ACC deaminasa, así como de inhibición contra: Fusarium brachygibbosum, F. falciforme, F. oxysporum y Ceratobasidium sp. Aunque Cm0711 fue significativamente superior que Pm0710 en la mayoría de las propiedades analizadas, las dos bacterias tienen potencial para ser utilizadas como bioinoculantes; sin embargo, antes se debe realizar su validación in vivo. Palabras clave: Ceratobasidium, Chryseobacterium massiliae, Fusarium, Pseudomonas monteilii, PGP

Kounis syndrome after ingestion of undercooked fish: New role of intracoronary imaging techniques

Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu