Smart Monitoring Based on Novelty Detection and Artificial Intelligence Applied to the Condition Assessment of Rotating Machinery in the Industry 4.0

The application of condition monitoring strategies for detecting and assessing unexpected events during the operation of rotating machines is still nowadays the most important equipment used in industrial processes; thus, their appropriate working condition must be ensured, aiming to avoid unexpected breakdowns that could represent important economical loses. In this regard, smart monitoring approaches are currently playing an important role for the condition assessment of industrial machinery. Hence, in this work an application is presented based on a novelty detection approach and artificial intelligence techniques for monitoring and assessing the working condition of gearbox-based machinery used in processes of the Industry 4.0. The main contribution of this work lies in modeling the normal working condition of such gearbox-based industrial process and then identifying the occurrence of faulty conditions under a novelty detection framework

Heterogeneous oxygen availability affects the titer and topology but not the fidelity of plasmid DNA produced by Escherichia coli

Jaen KE, Sigala J-C, Olivares-Hernandez R, Niehaus K, Lara AR. Heterogeneous oxygen availability affects the titer and topology but not the fidelity of plasmid DNA produced by Escherichia coli. BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY. 2017;17(1): 60.Background: Dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) is hardly constant and homogenously distributed in a bioreactor, which can have a negative impact in the metabolism and product synthesis. However, the effects of DOT on plasmid DNA (pDNA) production and quality have not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, the effects of aerobic (DOT >= 30% air sat.), microaerobic (constant DOT = 3% air sat.) and oscillatory DOT (from 0 to 100% air sat.) conditions on pDNA production, quality and host performance were characterized. Results: Microaerobic conditions had little effect on pDNA production, supercoiled fraction and sequence fidelity. By contrast, oscillatory DOT caused a 22% decrease in pDNA production compared with aerobic cultures. Although in aerobic cultures the pDNA supercoiled fraction was 98%, it decreased to 80% under heterogeneous DOT conditions. The different oxygen availabilities had no effect on the fidelity of the produced pDNA. The estimated metabolic fluxes indicated substantial differences at the level of the pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle under different conditions. Cyclic changes in fermentative pathway fluxes, as well as fast shifts in the fluxes through cytochromes, were also estimated. Model-based genetic modifications that can potentially improve the process performance are suggested. Conclusions: DOT heterogeneities strongly affected cell performance, pDNA production and topology. This should be considered when operating or scaling-up a bioreactor with deficient mixing. Constant microaerobic conditions affected the bacterial metabolism but not the amount or quality of pDNA. Therefore, pDNA production in microaerobic cultures may be an alternative for bioreactor operation at higher oxygen transfer rates

Respuesta fisiológica de la comunidad bacteriana en suelos contaminados por cadmio y el papel de la lombriz (A.caliginosa) como posible biorremediador

Cada vez con mayor frecuencia aparecen problemas de contaminación de suelos ligados a la presencia de metales pesados. Las características físico-químicas del suelo -como el contenido de materia orgánica, el contenido de arcilla y el pH- juegan un papel preponderante en la biodisponibilidad de elementos tóxicos como los metales pesados y su solubilidad. Así mismo, la microbiología y la macrofauna del suelo intervienen en las reacciones que tienen lugar en la matriz del suelo alterando la composición química de éste y condicionando su estructura física, repercutiendo de forma directa en el contenido de metales pesados y la capacidad de acogida del medio. Empleando técnicas descriptivas de la actividad degradativa de la comunidad microbiana, en 31 fuentes de carbono diferentes, pudimos modelizar los cambios estructurales que sufre la población bacteriana. A su vez, se introdujeron ejemplares adultos de lombriz de tierra (Aporrectodea caliginosa) en un mismo tipo de suelo ya fuera previamente contaminado por cadmio o libre de contaminación. Este trabajo pretende comprender con mayor profundidad los cambios en la comunidad microbiana de los suelos con altos contenidos de cadmio y qué papel desempeñan las lombrices) sobre las propiedades del suelo y como posible biorremediador

Influencia de los usos del suelo sobre la calidad de las aguas y evaluación espacio-temporal de la transferencia de los contaminantes en la cuenca del río Flumen (Huesca)

La calidad del agua está directamente relacionada con los usos del suelo y los cambios en las actividades agrícolas. Las actividades agrícolas y urbanas son las principales fuentes de contaminación difusa en aguas superficiales y subterráneas. En este estudio se ha evaluado el patrón espacio-temporal de la calidad del agua en relación a los usos del suelo existentes en una cuenca hidrográfica del noreste de España (Cuenca del río Flumen, Huesca) desde Noviembre-2009 hasta Octubre-2010. Con el objetivo de estudiar la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la calidad del agua se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas multivariantes como el Análisis Cluster (CA) y el Análisis Triádico Parcial (PTA). Mediante estos análisis, las estaciones de muestreo fueron clasificadas en diferentes áreas: Forestal (Zona Norte), Urbana (Zona Central) y Agrícola (Zona Sur). El PTA asoció todas las variables analizadas a su principal fuente de contaminación y mostró la existencia de un patrón temporal estable en áreas urbanas y agrícolas. La conductividad eléctrica (EC), Na⁺ y Clˉ se asociaron con las fuentes de contaminación agrícola, mientras que el nitrógeno total disuelto (TDN), NH₄-N y NO₂-N se relacionaron con fuentes de contaminación urbana aunque su patrón de distribución fue diferente al comparar los resultados obtenidos en temporada de no regadío y en temporada de regadío. Durante el periodo de regadío, la agrupación de estos conjuntos de compuestos no fue tan evidente. La concentración de NO₃-N se refirió tanto al uso de suelo urbano como al agrícola pudiendo explicarse esta distribución por los significativos aportes procedentes de la Estación Depuradora de Aguas Residuales de Huesca. Los resultados obtenidos sugirieron por una parte la existencia de una relación fuerte y estable entre la calidad del agua y los usos del suelo. Por otra parte, estos resultados ponen de manifiesto que las tendencias de las variables asociadas con fuentes de contaminación agrícola y urbana están altamente influenciadas por la estacionalidad de las diferentes actividades que se llevan a cabo el la zona de estudio

Poesías varias

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2007Sign.: [parágrafo]-2[parágrafo]8, A-G

Influencia mineragráfica en la recuperación de oro en los procesos metalúrgicos de la Minera Qero´s Gold de Paucartambo- Cusco

Mineragraphic studies allowed selecting the most suitable metallurgical process for optimal gold recovery, whose characterization both microscopic and macroscopic, allowed to undergo metallurgical tests on grinding, bottle cyanidation, centrifugal concentration, rougher flotation. As a result of these metallurgical tests on the base mineral, it allowed a 94.48% recovery in selective flotation with a blending of 36% Inkaracay vein and 64% Mina Sanca 2 vein.Los estudios mineragráficos permitieron seleccionar el proceso metalúrgico más adecuado para una óptima recuperación de oro, cuya caracterización tanto microscópica y macroscópica, permitió experimentar pruebas metalúrgicas en moliendabilidad, cianuración en botellas, concentración centrífuga, flotación rougher. Como resultado de estas pruebas metalúrgicas en el mineral base permitió una recuperación del 94.48% en flotación selectiva con una mezcla (blending) de 36% de veta Inkaracay y 64% de veta mina Sanca 2

A Methodology to Create 3D Body Models in Motion

[EN] Size, shape and posture are fundamental features of digital human models (DHM) to obtain accurate virtual simulations of the ergonomics of products and environments. Research on 3D body scanning, processing and modelling have enabled the generation of avatars representing specific populations and morphotypes in standing and seated postures being the basis to define size and shape of DHM. Posture is implemented with biomechanical models of the human movement. Most of the research is focused on posture control and movement tracking to analyze the variability in different contexts (e.g. driving, performing a working task). Motion capture technology used for this purpose, requires a limited number of sensors or reflective markers attached to the body according to the definition of body segments. 3D body scanning and motion capture are both technologies currently used to analyze human body shape and biomechanics to apply it to enhance digital human models. These technologies may converge on the so-called temporal 3D scanners or 4D scanners, a new technology recently developed to scan the body in motion. With this technology, it is possible to obtain sequences of dense 3D point clouds representing the movement of the body. In this paper, a novel methodology to create realistic 3D body models in motion is proposed. This method is supported by a new 4D scanning system (Move 4D) and a data driven-model. Move4D is a modular photogrammetry-based 4D scanning system. It consists of a set of 12 synchronized modules to scan full bodies with texture in motion. It can capture up to 180 fps with a resolution of 2 mm. The algorithms have been conceived and optimized to automatically process the series of raw point clouds captured. They rely on a data-driven body model including shape, pose and soft-tissue deformation trained with a large database and a deep learning model. The process is fully automatic and does not require any interactive landmarking or revision. The 3D outcome of this methodology is one noise-and artefact-free watertight mesh per frame and a model of shape, pose and soft-tissue that can be rigged with a 23-joint skeleton. This type of outcome permits their use for many applications such as simulations, augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) or biomechanical analysis purposes.The research presented in this paper have been developed within the projects IMDEEA/2020/85 and MDEEA/2020/87. Funding requested to Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial (IVACE), call for proposals 2020 for Technology Centers of the Comunitat Valenciana, co-funded by ERDF Funds, EU Operational Program of the Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020.Parrilla Bernabé, E.; Ruescas, A.; Solves, J.; Ballester Fernandez, A.; Nacher Fernandez, B.; Alemany Mut, MS.; Garrido Jaen, JD. (2020). A Methodology to Create 3D Body Models in Motion. Springer. 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51064-0_39S309314Scataglini, S., Paul, G.: DHM and Posturography. Academic Press, London (2019)Zakaria, N., Gupta, D.: Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge (2019)Liberadzki, P., Adamczyk, M., Witkowski, M., Sitnik, R.: Structured-light-based system for shape measurement of the human body in motion. Sensors 18, 2827 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092827Parrilla, E., Ballester, A., Parra, P., Ruescas, A., Uriel, J., Garrido, D., Alemany, S.: MOVE 4D: accurate high-speed 3D body models in motion. In: Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2019, Lugano, Switzerland, 22–23 October 2019, pp. 30–32 (2019). https://doi.org/10.15221/19.03

Amphidoma languida (Amphidomatacea, Dinophyceae) with a novel azaspiracid toxin profile identified as the cause of molluscan contamination at the Atlantic coast of southern Spain

Azaspiracids (AZA) are a group of food poisoning phycotoxins that are known to accumulate in shellfish. They are produced by some species of the planktonic dinophycean taxon Amphidomataceae. Azaspiracids have been first discovered in Ireland but are now reported in shellfish from numerous global sites thus showing a wide distribution. In shellfish samples collected in 2009 near Huelva (Spain),AZA was also found along the Andalusian Atlantic coast for the first time. Analysis using LC–MS/MS revealed the presence of two different AZA analogues in different bivalve shellfish species (Chamelea gallina, Cerastoderma edule, Donax trunculus, and Solen vagina). In a number of samples, AZA levels exceeded the EU regulatory level of 160 mg AZA-1 eq. kg�1 (reaching maximum levels of >500 mg AZA- 1 eq. kg�1 in Chamelea gallina and >250 mg AZA-1 eq. kg�1 in Donax trunculus) causing closures of some local shellfish production areas. One dinophyte strain established from the local plankton during the AZA contamination period and determined as Amphidoma languida was in fact toxigenic, and its AZA profile disclosed it as the causative species: it contained AZA-2 as the main compound and the new compound AZA-43 initially detected in the shellfish. AZA-43 had the same mass as AZA-3, but produced different collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra. High resolution mass spectrometric easurements indicated that there is an unsaturation in the H, I ring system of AZA-43 distinguishing it from the classical AZA such as AZA-1, -2, and -3. Furthermore, the Spanish strain was different from the previously reported AZA profile of the species that consist of AZA-38 and AZ-39. In molecular phylogenetics, the Andalusian strain formed a monophyletic group together with other strains of Am. languida, but ITS sequences data revealed surprisingly high intragenomic variability. The first Andalusian case of AZA contamination of shellfish above the EU regulatory limit reported here clearly revealed the risk of azaspiracid poisoning (AZP) for this area and also for the Atlantic coast of Iberia and North Africa. The present study underlines the need for continuous monitoring of AZA and the organisms producing such toxins