Estudio de interrelaciones entre el cuento La reina de las nieves y Frozen, el reino del hielo (Propp, Andersen, Disney)

Las páginas que se desarrollan a continuación proponen como base fundamental una comparación entre la narración de Andersen: La reina de las nieves y la adaptación del mismo cuento por Disney en Frozen, el reino del hielo. Dos medios diferentes, el literario y el audiovisual nos servirán para unir mediante el anclaje directo de la obra de Vladimir Propp: Morfología del cuento maravilloso sus contrastes y similitudes en aspectos funcionales y estructurales en relación al mismo. Un análisis posterior de corte analítico-descriptivo en nuestra acotada investigación nos lleva a encontrar otros intereses igualmente importantes, relacionados con la narratología y simbología en los que se presentan de igual forma analogías y contrastes. Las sorpresas no quedan exentas a pesar de la diferencia de edad de las publicaciones exploradas

Alcohol and drug use by Spanish drivers: Comparison of two cross-sectional road-side surveys (2008–9/2013)

Producción CientíficaDriving under the influence of substances (DUI) other than alcohol has been the subject of increasing interest over the past few decades (Schulze et al., 2012). As with alcohol, research has shown that drug intake increases the risk of road traffic accidents (Elvik, 2013; Schulze et al., 2012; Verstraete & Legrand, 2014). Intervention in this area is a priority. A key factor for deterring DUI is to convince drug-using drivers that the risk of detection is high (Jones, Donnelly, Swift, & Weatherburn, 2006; Watling, Palk, Freeman, & Davey, 2010) thus, adequate law enforcement, and the continuity of roadside testing for drug use among drivers, play an important role (Shepherd, 2001; Watson & Freeman, 2007). For the European Project DRUID (Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines; http://www.druid-project.eu), roadside surveys were conducted in 13 European countries and results showed large differences in the prevalence of alcohol and drug intake by country (Schulze et al., 2012). The highest prevalence was found in Southern Europe (Italy, Spain and Portugal). In Spain, avoiding driving after alcohol or drug use has been recognized as crucial to improving road safety. Five years after the DRUID project, a new roadside survey was conducted following a similar methodology in order to study whether the use of alcohol and drugs among Spanish drivers had changed

Slice allocation and pricing framework for virtualized millimeter wave cellular networks

Traditionally, the cellular spectrum is allocated to operators (OPs) through auctions, as ideal mechanisms to discover market prices and allocate scarce resources. Even though spectrum is indeed scarce in sub-6 GHz bands, it becomes abundant in millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands. Interestingly, in that context, it is base station (BS) density which is limiting, and thus a critical factor, due to the outage phenomena in urban environments. Facing BS scarcity is one of the main reasons to foster virtualization techniques aimed at improving utilization and lowering costs. We consider a scenario with an infrastructure provider (InP) owner of a number of BSs and a set of OPs with their users (UEs). We propose a three-phase framework to price network infrastructure slices (NISs) and allocate them to OPs and to efficiently associate UEs with those NISs. The framework stages are: 1) an initial association, 2) a distributed auction mechanism across the BSs to allocate resources to Ops, and 3) a re-association process where the OPs can optimize the NISs they are awarded. The auction incentivizes OPs to bid truthfully and the outcome yields both socially optimal NISs and Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) prices. For the re-association phase, we propose deterministic and stochastic exchange-matching algorithms and demonstrate their convergence to stable matching and stable-optimal matching, respectively.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad | Ref. TEC2016-76465-C2-2-RXunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC 2018/5

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is an important risk factor for mortality after major cardiac surgery

Producción CientíficaVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the main infectious complication in cardiac surgery patients and is associated with an important increase in morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to analyze the impact of VAP on mortality excluding other comorbidities and to study its etiology and the risk factors for its development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 1610 postoperative cardiac surgery patients' status post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) between July 2004 and January 2008. The primary outcome measures were the development of VAP and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Ventilator-associated pneumonia was observed in 124 patients (7.7%). Patients with VAP had a longer length of hospitalization (40.7 ± 35.1 vs 16.1 ± 30.1 days, P <.0001) and greater in-hospital mortality (49.2% [61/124] vs 2.0% [30/1486], P =.0001) in comparison with patients without VAP. After performing the Cox multivariant analysis adjustment, VAP was identified as the most important independent mortality risk factor (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 8.53; 95% confidence interval, 4.21-17.30; P =.0001). Other independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality were chronic renal failure (HR, 2.56), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.90), CPB time (HR, 1.51), respiratory failure (HR, 2.13), acute renal failure (HR, 2.39), and mediastinal bleeding of at least 1000 mL (HR, 1.81)

Application of Commercial Surface Pretreatments on the Formation of Cerium Conversion Coating (CeCC) over High-Strength Aluminum Alloys 2024-T3 and 7075-T6

The selection of appropriate surface pretreatments is one of the pending issues for the industrial application of cerium-based chemical conversion coatings (CeCC) as an alternative for toxic chromate conversion coating (CrCC). A two-step surface pretreatment based on commercial products has been successfully used here to obtain CeCC on AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6. Specimens processed for 1 to 15 min in solutions containing CeCl3 and H2O2 have been studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), potentiodynamic linear polarization (LP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and neutral salt spray (NSS) tests. SEM-EDX showed that CeCC was firstly observed as deposits, followed by a general coverage of the surface with the formation of cracks where the coating was getting thicker. GDOES confirmed an increase of the CeCC thickness as the deposition proceed, the formation of CeCC over 7075 being faster than over 2024. There was a Ce-rich layer in both alloys and an aluminum oxide/hydroxide layer on 7075 between the upper Ce-rich layer and the aluminum matrix. According to LP and EIS, CeCC in all samples offered cathodic protection and comparable degradation in chloride-containing media. Finally, the NSS test corroborated the anti-corrosion properties of the CeCC obtained after the commercial pretreatments employed.This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness of Spain/FEDER Program of the EU. Project: Optimizacion y viabilidad industrial del proceso de preparacion de capas de conversion basadas en cerio sobre aleaciones de aluminio. Reference MAT2014-60857-R. The APC was funded by Instituto Universitario de Investigacion Marina (INMAR) of the University of Cadiz and the Programa de Fomento e Impulso de la Actividad de Investigacion y Transferencia of the University of Cadiz

Procalcitonin and white blood cells, combined predictors of infection in cardiac surgery patients

Producción CientíficaBackground: Sepsis is strongly associated with an increased risk of postoperative mortality, longer length of hospital stay, and elevated health care costs. Early clinical symptoms overlap with those of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, a response that commonly occurs after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Since a combination of biomarkers has been demonstrated to improve the prediction of postoperative infection, the objective of the present study was to test whether the combination of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC), and procalcitonin (PCT) is able to predict postoperative infection in a large cohort of cardiac surgery patients. Material and methods: Case-control study involving 423 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were retrospectively classified into two groups based on whether they developed severe sepsis or septic shock during the postoperative period. Blood samples for biological measurements (PCT, CRP, and WBC) were drawn on the first day in the intensive care unit, then once daily in the morning until the 10th postoperative day. Results: CRP median values were similar in both groups. WBC and PCT median values were significantly higher in patients with infection than without during the first 10 postoperative days. With elevation cutoffs ≤3 times (OR: 4.058; 95% CI: 2.206-7.463; P = 0.001) and ≥4 times (OR: 10.274, 95% CI: 3.690-28.604; P < 0.001), the median value for PCT (1.7 ng/mL) and/or WBC (13,000 cells/mm3) on the second postoperative day was significantly associated with the development of infection. Conclusions: The goal of this study was to use a large cohort of cardiac surgery patients to ensure that the results were representative of this population. The combination of PCT and WBC levels over the first three postoperative days was able to predict postoperative infection within the 30 d following cardiac surgery.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant PI15/01451)Junta de Castilla y León (grant GRS1270/A/16

The BRISA process as a path for efficient copper recovery from waste PCBs

In the present work, a two-stage biohydrometallurgical process for copper extraction from waste PCBs is developed. The main goal of this study is to check whether to separate the chemical leaching of copper with ferric iron from the regeneration of the leaching agent by bacterial oxidation of the ferrous iron is an efficient route for copper recovery from waste PCBs. To test this proposal, large waste PCBs pieces were retained in a stirred tank reactor (STR) in contact with a leaching liquor circulating at a high flow rate between this STR and a bioreactor. The kinetics of leaching of large PCB pieces, when ferric iron is added in excess over the stoichiometric requirements, is limited by the rate of mass transfer of the leaching agent. A heterogeneous kinetic model was proposed to fit the experimental data. It was also found that by increasing the ferric iron concentration the leaching rate was increased. Process separation has proven to be a promising configuration in which the productivity of the bioreactor has fulfilled the leaching agent demand and 90% of copper extraction was achieved in 48 h for large waste PCBs

Copper recovery from unground printed circuit board by biogenic ferric at high solid/liquid ratio

In this work, the recovery of Cu from large waste printed circuit board (PCB) pieces by biogenic ferric sulphate at high solid to liquid ratio was studied. PCB parts were packed in a column and biogenic ferric was constantly recirculated. A high oxidation reduction potential (ORP) decrease was observed in ferric leaching due to ferric ion consumption; this drop caused a slower copper dissolution kinetics. After 25 days, 62.2% of copper was leached from PCBs column. PCBs column was connected to a flooded packed-bed (FPB) bioreactor to study the biological regeneration of ferric ion consumed in chemical reaction. The bioreactor connection enabled working at a constant ORP (700 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) during the whole test time. The improvement of oxidising conditions hugely increased copper dissolution rate, reaching 90% of copper recovery after 25 days. The FPB bioreactor operated continuously without showing inhibition problems and generating a leaching liquor with a high and constant ORP. The novel proposed configuration consists of a chemical reactor, where large PCBs pieces are piled at a high solid load, connected to a FPB bioreactor that regenerates the spent ferric ion enabling the leaching without reagents consumption, is a simple, inexpensive, low energy consumption, eco-friendly and effective system to recover copper from PCBs

Predicting cardiac surgery–associated acute kidney injury: The CRATE score

Producción CientíficaPurpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery and is associated with increased mortality. The aim was to design a nondialytic AKI score in patients with previously normal renal function undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: Data were collected on 909 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between 2012 and 2014. A total of 810 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients were classified as having AKI based on the RIFLE criteria. Postoperative AKI occurred in 137 patients (16.9%). Several parameters were recorded preoperatively, intraoperatively, and at intensive care unit admission, looking for a univariate andmultivariate associationwith AKI risk. A second data set of 741 patients, from2 different hospitals,was recorded as a validation cohort. Results: Four independent risk factors were included in the CRATE score: creatinine (odds ratio [OR], 9.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.77-19.56; P b .001), EuroSCORE (OR, 1.40; CI, 1.29-1.52; P b .001), lactate (OR, 1.03; CI, 1.01- 1.04; P b .001), and cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR, 1.01; CI, 1.01-1.02; P b .001). The accuracy of the model was good, with an area under the curve of 0.89 (CI, 0.85-0.92). The CRATE score retained good discrimination in validation cohort, with an area under the curve of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78-0.85). Conclusions: CRATE score is an accurate and easy to calculate risk score that uses affordable andwidely available variables in the routine care surgical patients

Repositorio de material docente para el desarrollo de trabajos de fin de grado en el área de mecánica de medios continuos y teoría de estructuras

Memoria ID-135. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019