PHOTOGRAMMETRY USING CONVENTIONAL DIGITAL CAMERAS AND FREE SOFTWARE

[EN] The main purpose of the article is to show a working methodology based on free software to obtain orthophotos with conventional digital cameras and make photogrammetric methods available to any person interestedin obtaining good accuracy metric data from photographs. Architectural photographers will also find a correct way to make perspective corrections to their photographs. Considerations about shooting conditions are explained concerning focal length, aperture, focus and hyperfocal distance concept. Optical aberrations are analized, also basics of camera calibration and image correction process using free software are exposed. Software download links are provided. The article concludes with several examples applying the methodology described and showing details about obtained accuracy.[ES] El objetivo del artículo es mostrar una metodología de trabajo, basada en software libre, para obtener ortofotos usando cámaras digitales convencionales y poner los métodos fotogramétricos al alcance de cualquier persona interesada en obtener datos métricos precisos a partir de fotografías. También los fotógrafos podrán aplicar la metodología expuesta para corregir de manera eficaz la perspectiva de sus fotografías. Se exponen ciertas consideraciones acerca de las condiciones de la toma fotográfica en lo que respecta a distancia focal, diafragma y enfoque, incluyendo el concepto de distancia hiperfocal. Se analizan las distorsiones ópticas más relevantes y se explican los fundamentos del proceso de calibración de la cámara y el proceso de rectificación de la imagen, haciendo uso de software libre del que se proporcionan los links de descarga. El artículo concluye con diversos ejemplos de aplicación de la metodología expuesta y precisiones obtenidas.Cabezos Bernal, PM.; Cisneros Vivó, JJ. (2012). FOTOGRAMETRÍA CON CÁMARAS DIGITALES CONVENCIONALES Y SOFTWARE LIBRE. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 17(20):88-99. doi:10.4995/ega.2012.1407SWORD8899172

Valorization and dissemination of lost urban heritage. Valencia, the walled city

[EN] This article shows a case study in which some new virtual musealization techniques such as immersive panoramic photography, rephotography and video animations have been used in order to valorize and disseminate many of the lost urban spaces of the city of Valencia in Spain, mainly those belonging to the ancient walled city. The whole Christian wall was demolished in 1865 along with the majority of the gateways by the governor Cirilo Amorós, with the exception of two of the main gates that were saved from demolition thanks to the fact that them were used as the jails of the city in that period. The research start with a compilation of the ancient representations of the city that has been carried out in order to analyze the urban evolution of the city. The main aim of the study is to develop an interactive visualization of the lost walled city combining a breathtaking ancient bird¿eye view by the French architect and lithographer Alfred Guesdon, with an aerial spherical panorama of the current city, which will allow the user to compare how the city has evolved in the last centuries. In order to do so, a thorough study of perspective in the ancient drawing has been carried out to accurately restore the viewpoint. Those views have also been used to create an elaborated video animation that will allow the viewer to get immersed inside the ancient city as in a sort of journey into the past in order to recover the memory of the lost walled city. The interactive results can be visualized though the Internet and some links and QR codes will be given at the end of the article in order to allow everyone, by means of a computer or even a mobile device, such as a smartphone, to visualize all the generated contents.Cabezos Bernal, PM.; Cisneros Vivó, JJ. (2018). Valorization and dissemination of lost urban heritage. Valencia, the walled city. DisegnareCon. 11(21):12.1-12.11. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/120361S12.112.11112

Stereoscopy in Descriptive Geometry books

[EN] This article summarizes the research carried out by collecting the books, related to Descriptive Geometry, that have employed stereoscopy as a way to improve the knowledge of the represented forms. It has been possible to collect 19 books, published between 1912 and 2007, which have been analyzed and compared. Many of them have been acquired through international dealers, as they are a rarity. The article focuses on the oldest and most interesting ones, highlighting their most relevant aspects. To display the stereoscopic figures conveniently, It has been necessary to carry out a thorough process of digital optimization, in order to adapt the colors of inks to a single visualization system with conventional red/cyan glasses. Finally, the results of the full analysis will be shown.[ES] Este artículo sintetiza la investigación llevada a cabo a partir de la recopilación de los libros relacionados con la Geometría Descriptiva, que han utilizado la estereoscopia para ampliar el conocimiento de las formas geométricas representadas. Se han podido recopilar 19 obras, publicadas entre 1912 y 2007, que han sido analizadas y comparadas. Muchas de ellas han tenido que ser adquiridas a través de anticuarios internacionales, pues constituyen toda una rareza. Aquí se muestran las más antiguas e interesantes, destacando los aspectos más relevantes de cada una de ellas. Para mostrar convenientemente sus figuras estereoscópicas, ha sido necesario realizar un profundo trabajo de edición digital, con el fin de uniformizar las tintas, adaptándolas a un único sistema de visualización con gafas convencionales de filtros rojo/cian. Finalmente se muestran los resultados del análisis completo con todos los libros encontradosCabezos Bernal, PM.; Cisneros Vivó, JJ. (2015). La estereoscopia en los libros de geometría descriptiva. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 20(26):242-255. doi:10.4995/ega.2015.4058.SWORD242255202

Stereoscopic spherical panoramas

[EN] The advances in the field of digital imaging have expanded the horizons of panoramic photography, thanks to the development of stitching software, with which several images can be joined in a wide field of view panoramic image. The panoramas produced by stitching software can reach a field of view of 360 degrees horizontally and 180 degrees vertically, in case of a spherical panorama. This kind of panorama has a great potential representing the architecture, so it could be interesting to add a new dimension applying the stereoscopic vision foundations. Therefore, the article focusses these issues in order to provide an affordable photographic technique to capture spherical panoramas analyzing also their compatibility with the latest immersive display systems[ES] Los avances en el campo de la imagen digital nos han permitido ampliar los horizontes de la fotografía panorámica, gracias a la aparición de software de stitching o cosido de imágenes, con los que se pueden unir varias fotografías para formar una imagen panorámica de amplio campo visual. Las imágenes producidas mediante el software de stitching pueden llegar a abarcar un campo visual de 360º en horizontal y 180º en vertical, formando un panorama esférico. Este tipo de panorama tiene una gran potencial para la representación arquitectónica, por lo que resultaría interesante añadir una nueva dimensión aplicando los fundamentos de la visión estereoscópica. Por ello, en el artículo se estudia esta problemática con el fin de aportar una metodología asequible de captura fotográfica de panoramas esféricos estereoscópicos, además de analizar su compatibilidad con los últimos sistemas de visualización inmersivaCabezos-Bernal, PM.; Cisneros Vivó, J. (2016). Panoramas esféricos estereoscópicos. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 21(28):70-81. doi:10.4995/ega.2016.6264.SWORD7081212

La restituzione fotogrammetrica 2D/3D di elementi architettonici e l'integrazione dei modelli virtuali sulle fotografie dell'intorno reale, mediante programmi CAD, software liberi e fotocamere convenzionali

[EN] This article shows a working method using CAD and free software to do the calibration process for a conventional digital camera to correct the distortion produced by the lens. It will continue with the 3D restitution of the main geometric elements of the projection, and finally, the spatial geometric reconstruction of the elements of interest appearing in the photo, without needing of topographical support. It will be also shown a method to make the integration of the threedimensional model on the photograph of the environment in which the building will be constructed, so that, if it s seen from the appropriate point of view, it will be perfectly integrated in the place of photography where it really should be, which is extremely useful when showing an architectural project.[IT] Questo articolo mostra un metodo di lavoro che si avvale di un software libero e di programmi CAD per eseguire, in primo luogo, la calibrazione di una fotocamera digitale convenzionale, affinché si possano correggere le distorsioni introdotte dall’obiettivo. In secondo luogo, si procede con la restituzione geometrica tridimensionale degli elementi principali della proiezione e, alla fine, con la ricostruzione geometrica nello spazio degli elementi di interesse che appaiono nella fotografia, senza la necessità di un supporto topografico. Si spiega anche come fare l’integrazione del modello tridimensionale sulla fotografia dell’intorno in cui l’edificio deve essere costruito, in modo che, se guardato dal punto di vista opportuno, questo sarà perfettamente integrato nel luogo della fotografia dove in realtà dovrebbe stare, cosa che risulta estremamente utile quando si mostra un progetto architettonico.Cabezos Bernal, PM.; Cisneros Vivó, JJ. (2013). Photogrammetric 2D/3D restitution of architectural elements and the integration of virtual models with his photographed real environment, using CAD, freeware software and conventional cameras. DisegnareCon. 6(12):VI-1-VI-11. doi:10.6092/issn.1828-5961/3849SVI-1VI-1161

Herramientas de entrega, evaluación y calificación telemática

[EN] The aim of this article is to present a new software package, developed at the UPV, which let us to evaluate and to score the student’s works in an efficient way, thus optimizing the time spent by the teacher to do these tasks. This software package also facilitates the student the on-line delivery of their works and speeds the reception by the teacher. This software package has tree modules or applications: the delivery module, the monitorization module and the evaluation and scoring module. The delivery module serves to send easily and properly the student’s works. The monitorization module checks the delivery process allowing the teacher to download the works from the server, whereas the evaluation and scoring module provides a specific workbench to evaluate the works by means a customizable database to create type corrections and rubrics, which facilitates the evaluation and scoring process. After that, the student receives automatically a structured e-mail containing the evaluation and feedback provided by the teacher[ES] La comunicación pretende dar a conocer un paquete de aplicaciones, desarrollado en la UPV, que permite evaluar y calificar trabajos de forma eficiente, optimizando el tiempo dedicado por el docente a estas tareas. Este paquete de aplicaciones también facilita a los alumnos la entrega telemática de los trabajos y agiliza su recepción por parte del profesor. Este paquete de aplicaciones informáticas consta de tres aplicaciones o módulos: el módulo de entrega, el módulo de monitorización y el módulo de evaluación y calificación. El módulo de entrega permite al alumno enviar sus trabajos, de manera rápida y sencilla. El módulo de monitorización controla el proceso de entrega y permite descargar los trabajos, mientras que el módulo de evaluación y calificación consiste en un entorno de trabajo que permite visualizar fácilmente los trabajos entregados y dispone de una base de datos para crear correcciones tipo y rúbricas personalizadas para agilizar la tarea de evaluación y calificación. El alumno recibe la calificación y evaluación del trabajo con el feedback proporcionado por el profesor mediante un email en el que se estructura toda la información.Cabezos Bernal, PM.; Cisneros Vivó, JJ. (2015). Herramientas de entrega, evaluación y calificación telemática. En In-Red 2015 - CONGRESO NACIONAL DE INNOVACIÓN EDUCATIVA Y DE DOCENCIA EN RED. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2015.2015.1575OC

Teaching innovation in Descriptive Geometry. Digital tools and case studies

[EN] Using computer in graphical expression teaching is being generalized in most of Architecture Schools.The subject of this paper is to show our experience in adapting traditional methodologies and contents tothe new three-dimensional drawing environment provided by CAD software. We pay much attention to the selection of those exercises that students must undertake. Every year we prepare a set of di erent architectural case studies containing di erent surfaces to be analyzed that are away from those abstract traditional exercises whose practical sense and application are not perceived by the student. Spatial resolution of problems and geometrical analysis of surfaces drawn from real architectural examples increasesinterest for the subject and usefulness is easily understood by the student[ES] La introducción del ordenador en las disciplinas gráficas se va generalizando poco a poco en la mayoría de Escuelas de Arquitectura. Esta comunicación pretende mostrar nuestra experiencia y adaptación de los contenidos al entorno de diseño tridimensional que ofrecen las herramientas de diseño actuales, prestando especial atención a la selección de los casos prácticos que el alumno debe acometer. Cada año planteamos un elenco distinto de modelos arquitectónicos reales que contienen las superficies de estudio, muy alejados de los tradicionales ejercicios abstractos con los que el alumno no lograba percibir su aplicación práctica a la arquitectura. La resolución espacial y el análisis geométrico de las superficies extraídas de los ejemplos arquitectónicos reales, aumenta el interés y la motivación del alumno por la asignatura, pues éste es capaz de ver rápidamente su aplicabilidad.Cisneros Vivó, JJ.; Cabezos Bernal, PM. (2016). La innovación en la enseñanza de la Geometría Descriptiva. El uso de las herramientas digitales y el estudio de casos reales. Modelling in Science Education and Learning. 9(1):109-120. doi:10.4995/msel.2016.4554SWORD1091209

ANAMORPHOSIS, ITS HISTORY AND EVOLUTION

[EN] The illusionist painting has always fascinated human beings. The art of trompe l’oeil has been generally considered as an anamorphosis if it is painted over curved or flat surfaces, oblique with respect to the viewer, so it is correctly seen only from a certain point of view, out of which it is seen distorted and the illusory effect is lost. This article summarizes the history of anamorphosis, its different kinds and techniques, described by writers of the Baroque. Several examples, made by the main figures of this discipline throughout history, are analysed to see the evolution up to the present day, where technological advances allow new applications such as those of virtual and augmented reality, as well as stereoscopic anamorphosis[ES] La pintura ilusionista ha fascinado siempre al ser humano, el arte del trampantojo se considera, en general, una anamorfosis cuando la pintura se dispone sobre superficies curvas o planos, oblicuos con respecto al espectador, de forma que ésta sólo se observa correctamente desde un punto de vista concreto, fuera del cual se verá distorsionada y se perderá el efecto ilusorio. Este artículo resume la historia de la anamorfosis, sus diferentes modalidades y técnicas, descritas por los tratadistas del Barroco. Se analizan diversos ejemplos, realizados por los protagonistas de esta disciplina, a lo largo de la historia, viendo la evolución hasta nuestros días, donde los avances tecnológicos permiten nuevas aplicaciones como las de realidad virtual y aumentada, así como las anamorfosis estereoscópicas.Cabezos Bernal, PM.; Cisneros Vivó, JJ.; Soler Sanz, F. (2014). Anamorfosis, su historia y evolución. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 19(23):148-161. doi:10.4995/ega.2014.2184SWORD148161192

Captura fotográfica gigapíxel de obras de arte

PublishedLa captura gigapíxel es una técnica muy novedosa que está empezando a ser utilizada por importantes museos internacionales como medio de documentación, análisis y divulgación. Esta publicación expone los logros de un proyecto de investigación centrado en documentar y divulgar importantes obras de arte pictóricas del patrimonio valenciano mediante imágenes fotográficas de ultra alta resolución o resolución gigapíxel.En este trabajo se ha utilizado esta metodología para documentar las principales obras del Museo de Bellas Artes de València y otras pertenecientes a la Diputación de València, al Fondo de Arte de la Universitat Politècnica de València y algunas obras de juventud del pintor valenciano Leopoldo García Ramón

Epidemiology of imported malaria among children and young adults in Barcelona (1990-2008)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Increasing international travel and migration is producing changes in trends in infectious diseases, especially in children from many European cities. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and determine the trends of imported malaria in patients under 20 years old in the city of Barcelona, Spain, during an 18-year period.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study included malaria cases that were laboratory confirmed and reported to the malaria register at the Public Health Agency of Barcelona from 1990 to 2008, residing in Barcelona and less than 20 years old. Patients were classified as natives (born in Spain) or immigrants. Differences in the distribution of demographic, clinical characteristics, and incidence per 100,000 person-year evolution were analysed. Natives and immigrants were compared by logistic regression by calculating the <it>odds ratio </it>(OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and Chi-square for a linear trend (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the total 174 cases, 143 (82.1%) were immigrants, 100 (57.5%) were female, 121 (69.5%) <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it>, and 108 (62.1%) were visiting friends and relatives (VFR) as the reason for travel. Among the immigrants, 99 (67.8%) were from Equatorial Guinea. Immigrant cases more frequently travelled to Africa than natives (p = 0.02). The factors associated with imported malaria among immigrant residents was travelling for VFR (OR: 6.2 CI 1.9-20.2) and age 15-19 (OR: 3.7 CI 1-13.3). The incidence increased from 1990 to 1999 (p < 0.001) and decreased from 2000 to 2008 (p = 0.01), although the global linear trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.41). The fatality rate was 0.5%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The majority of cases of malaria in population less than 20 years in Barcelona were immigrants, travelling to Africa for VFR and <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>was most frequently detected. The trend analysis of the entire study period did not show a statistically significant decline. It is recommended to be aware of malaria, especially among children of immigrants who travel to their parent's home country for VFR. Better access to pre travel advice should be provided.</p