An empirical evaluation of changes in public service obligations in Spain

Public Service Obligations are a key mechanism for countries to improve connections among islands and remote regions with the Continent. While Public Service Obligations are allowed by the European Commission, they represent an interference with free market competition, and impact on the entrance of competitors, prices and service frequency. This study employs Canarian air market data for 2002-2015 to econometrically evaluate the effects of two changes in European policy on the number of passengers transported. The results point to the need to make market access more flexible to benefit society by generating increases in the volume of passengers moved

Desarrollo de habilidades para la investigación científica a través de la disciplina Metodología Científica en las Facultades de Derecho en Brasil

The development of abilities for scientific research constitutes an important objective in the professional education of Law students. However, the major of Scientific Research Methodology has not been implemented yet at the FUPAC-NL. Therefore, scientific research abilities have not been properly developed for carrying out scientific research on the part of students. Due to the difficulties detected and above-stated, the present articles deepens into diverse approaches hitherto debated for the development of research abilities among university students of this undergraduate program. Corresponding dimensions and indicators are also presented for the adequate diagnosis necessary so as to develop transformation strategies, thus taking into account the diverse components of the teaching-learning process of the subject Scientific Research Methodology. The results of this diagnosis are also presented.El desarrollo de habilidades para la investigación científica constituye un objetivo importante en la formación profesional de la carrera de Derecho. Sin embargo, en la carrera de Derecho de la FUPAC-NL, la disciplina Metodología Científica no ha logrado desarrollar las habilidades necesarias para el desarrollo de la investigación científica en los estudiantes y, por consiguiente, no ha motivado a los estudiantes a desarrollar trabajos de investigación. A partir de las dificultades detectadas   en este artículo se pretende profundizar en los diversos enfoques  que ha tenido esta problemática y trazar las dimensiones e indicadores para el diagnóstico que permita desarrollar estrategias de transformación, teniendo en cuenta todos los componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la disciplina Metodología Científica. Se presenta el diagnóstico realizado y sus resultados

Deep-compact-clustering based anomaly detection applied to electromechanical industrial systems

The rapid growth in the industrial sector has required the development of more productive and reliable machinery, and therefore, leads to complex systems. In this regard, the automatic detection of unknown events in machinery represents a greater challenge, since uncharacterized catastrophic faults can occur. However, the existing methods for anomaly detection present limitations when dealing with highly complex industrial systems. For that purpose, a novel fault diagnosis methodology is developed to face the anomaly detection. An unsupervised anomaly detection framework named deep-autoencoder-compact-clustering one-class support-vector machine (DAECC-OC-SVM) is presented, which aims to incorporate the advantages of automatically learnt representation by deep neural network to improved anomaly detection performance. The method combines the training of a deep-autoencoder with clustering compact model and a one-class support-vector-machine function-based outlier detection method. The addressed methodology is applied on a public rolling bearing faults experimental test bench and on multi-fault experimental test bench. The results show that the proposed methodology it is able to accurately to detect unknown defects, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

SITIO WEB PARA LA SUPERACIÓN PROFESIONAL: “DESCUBRIENDO LAS REDES DE NUEVA GENERACIÓN”

El creciente desarrollo tecnológico que tiene lugar en el campo de las Telecomunicaciones, en cuanto a la fabricación y explotación de equipos de transporte de datos y de acceso, para soportar una red multiservicios basada en paquetes garantizando calidad del servicio; exige de un constante aumento de las competencias del personal técnico y especialista que laboran tanto en empresas operadoras, como de servicios de Telecomunicaciones. En tal sentido se expone la propuesta de un sitio Web como una alternativa de superación a distancia para especialistas en telemática sobre Redes de Nueva Generación, utilizando la plataforma de aprendizaje Moodle y cumpliendo con los requerimientos de interactividad, colaboración y comunicación característicos de dicho modelo de enseñanza, resultando la propuesta con potencialidades para ser aplicada, así como para crear y gestionar otros cursos de interés técnico profesional

Los congresos de estudiantes como experiencia de aprendizaje cooperativo y colaborativo. IV Congreso ASAT, Murcia

La adaptación del sistema educativo universitario a las necesidades y requerimientos del Espacio Europeo de Educación (EEES) es uno de los desafíos más importantes de los últimos años en el ámbito docente. Supone la instauración de un nuevo sistema de enseñanza basado en nuevas técnicas docentes con una diferente relación profesor-alumno y una mayor participación de este último en el proceso de aprendizaje. El concepto de aprendizaje individualizado donde el alumno actúa de espectador pasivo cambia hacia un papel más activo, en el que el concepto de aprendizaje cooperativo (trabajo en grupo) y colaborativo (dimensión social del aprendizaje) cobra una vital importancia en el nuevo modelo de enseñanza. El siguiente artículo recoge los resultados del IV Congreso Nacional de estudiantes de Arquitectura Técnica e Ingeniería de Edificación realizado durante el curso académico 2013-14 en la Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM). Pretende demostrar cómo actividades docentes en las que se ponga en práctica el aprendizaje cooperativo y colaborativo con los estudiantes, pueden ser fructíferas en el campo del aprendizaje universitario. La iniciativa de este tipo de congresos de estudiantes acerca el mundo profesional y la investigación al alumno

Impact of reflex locomotion and the Bobath concept on clinical and biomolecular parameters in people with multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease with a fluctuating and unpredictable course that has no curative treatment at present. One of its main characteristics is the variety of signs and symptoms that produce a high percentage of patients who present alterations in balance and gait during the development of the disease, decreased muscle strength, spasticity, or decreased pimax. Rehabilitative therapy, especially physiotherapy, is the main course of the treatment of these alterations using reflex locomotion and the Bobath concept as a form of kinesitherapy that activates the preorganized circuits of the central nervous system.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the reflex locomotion and Bobath concept effects on balance, spasticity, reaction time, respiratory parameters, and lacrimal biomolecular markers.Methods and analysisThis is a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of two neurorehabilitation techniques in patients with multiple sclerosis conducted at the University of Salamanca. The research will take place at the Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca. The study will be conducted from June 2023 to June 2024. The reflex locomotion group will receive individual sessions of therapy (n = 27), and the Bobath concept group (n = 27) will receive the same number of sessions. Both groups will receive two sessions per week for 12 months. The measurement variables will be the Berg Balance Scale, the Tardieu Scale, the Cognitfit Program, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure, and Lacrimal Biomarkers.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Salamanca on March 2023 (ref: 896).LimitationsThe main limitations of this study are the selection and number of patients, the delay in implementing the therapy within the initially scheduled period, inadequate sample collection, and inadequate sample processing.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT05558683

Percepções dos alunos de Enfermagem sobre flipped classroom e avaliação contínua na sala de aula de Gestão de Enfermagem

Introduction: Although the training of nurses in administration and leadership has an important repercussion on the present and the future of the profession, teaching methods are still traditional in many cases. Flipped classroom is a widely used method in nursing education but studies about its application to Nursing Administration and Management are limited. Method: Qualitative study by means of anonymous survey (dichotomous and open questions). Results: 92 % of students were shown to be satisfied with the teaching methodology and 92.9 % with the assessment. Only 31.5 % had used it previously but 83 % would like to use it in more subjects. The students showed that the methodology used had improved their opinion about the content and had increased their perception its usefulness. Conclusion: The participating students have been shown to be satisfied with flipped method and continuous assessment. These teaching strategies can help motivate nursing students towards the subject of Nursing Administration and Management, which can encourage them to pursue postgraduate training and professional practice in this area.Introducción: Si bien la formación de enfermeros en Administración y Gestión tiene una importante repercusión en el presente y el futuro de la profesión, los métodos de enseñanza siguen siendo tradicionales en muchos casos. El aula invertida es un método ampliamente utilizado en la educación de enfermería, pero los estudios sobre su aplicación a la administración y gestión de enfermería son limitados. Método: Estudio cualitativo mediante cuestionario anónimo (preguntas dicotómicas y abiertas). Resultados: El 92 % de los estudiantes se mostró satisfecho con la metodología de enseñanza y el 92,9 % con la evaluación. Solo el 31,5 % lo había usado anteriormente, pero al 83 % le gustaría usarlo en más sujetos. Los estudiantes demostraron que la metodología utilizada había mejorado su opinión sobre el contenido y había aumentado su percepción útil del mismo. Conclusión: Los estudiantes participantes han demostrado estar satisfechos con el método de aula invertida. Estas estrategias de enseñanza pueden ayudar a motivar a los estudiantes de enfermería hacia la asignatura de Administración y Gestión de los Servicios de Enfermería, lo que puede animarlos a realizar una formación de posgrado y una práctica profesional en esta área.Introdução: Embora a educação de Enfermagem em Administração e Gestão tenha um grande impacto no presente e futuro da profissão, os métodos de ensino continuam a ser tradicionais em muitos casos. A sala de aula invertida é um método amplamente utilizado na educação em Enfermagem, mas os estudos sobre a sua aplicação à Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem são limitados. Método: Estudo qualitativo utilizando um questionário anônimo (perguntas dicotômicas e abertas). Resultados: 92% dos estudantes ficaram satisfeitos com a metodologia de ensino e 92,9% com a avaliação. Apenas 31,5% já o tinha utilizado antes, mas 83% gostariam de  utilizá-lo em mais assuntos. Os estudantes mostraram que a metodologia utilizada havia melhorado a sua opinião sobre o conteúdo e aumentado a sua percepção útil do conteúdo. Conclusão: Os estudantes participantes mostraram-se satisfeitos com o método invertido e com a avaliação contínua. Estas estratégias de ensino podem ajudar a motivar os estudantes de Enfermagem para a disciplina de Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem, o que pode encorajá-los a empreender uma educação de pós-graduação e prática profissional nesta área

Percepções dos alunos de Enfermagem sobre flipped classroom e avaliação contínua na sala de aula de Gestão de Enfermagem

Introduction: Although the training of nurses in administration and leadership has an important repercussion on the present and the future of the profession, teaching methods are still traditional in many cases. Flipped classroom is a widely used method in nursing education but studies about its application to Nursing Administration and Management are limited. Method: Qualitative study by means of anonymous survey (dichotomous and open questions). Results: 92 % of students were shown to be satisfied with the teaching methodology and 92.9 % with the assessment. Only 31.5 % had used it previously but 83 % would like to use it in more subjects. The students showed that the methodology used had improved their opinion about the content and had increased their perception its usefulness. Conclusion: The participating students have been shown to be satisfied with flipped method and continuous assessment. These teaching strategies can help motivate nursing students towards the subject of Nursing Administration and Management, which can encourage them to pursue postgraduate training and professional practice in this area.Introducción: Si bien la formación de enfermeros en Administración y Gestión tiene una importante repercusión en el presente y el futuro de la profesión, los métodos de enseñanza siguen siendo tradicionales en muchos casos. El aula invertida es un método ampliamente utilizado en la educación de enfermería, pero los estudios sobre su aplicación a la administración y gestión de enfermería son limitados. Método: Estudio cualitativo mediante cuestionario anónimo (preguntas dicotómicas y abiertas). Resultados: El 92 % de los estudiantes se mostró satisfecho con la metodología de enseñanza y el 92,9 % con la evaluación. Solo el 31,5 % lo había usado anteriormente, pero al 83 % le gustaría usarlo en más sujetos. Los estudiantes demostraron que la metodología utilizada había mejorado su opinión sobre el contenido y había aumentado su percepción útil del mismo. Conclusión: Los estudiantes participantes han demostrado estar satisfechos con el método de aula invertida. Estas estrategias de enseñanza pueden ayudar a motivar a los estudiantes de enfermería hacia la asignatura de Administración y Gestión de los Servicios de Enfermería, lo que puede animarlos a realizar una formación de posgrado y una práctica profesional en esta área.Introdução: Embora a educação de Enfermagem em Administração e Gestão tenha um grande impacto no presente e futuro da profissão, os métodos de ensino continuam a ser tradicionais em muitos casos. A sala de aula invertida é um método amplamente utilizado na educação em Enfermagem, mas os estudos sobre a sua aplicação à Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem são limitados. Método: Estudo qualitativo utilizando um questionário anônimo (perguntas dicotômicas e abertas). Resultados: 92% dos estudantes ficaram satisfeitos com a metodologia de ensino e 92,9% com a avaliação. Apenas 31,5% já o tinha utilizado antes, mas 83% gostariam de utilizá-lo em mais assuntos. Os estudantes mostraram que a metodologia utilizada havia melhorado a sua opinião sobre o conteúdo e aumentado a sua percepção útil do conteúdo. Conclusão: Os estudantes participantes mostraram-se satisfeitos com o método invertido e com a avaliação contínua. Estas estratégias de ensino podem ajudar a motivar os estudantes de Enfermagem para a disciplina de Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem, o que pode encorajá-los a empreender uma educação de pós-graduação e prática profissional nesta área

Allium-Based Phytobiotic Enhances Egg Production in Laying Hens through Microbial Composition Changes in Ileum and Cecum

The misuse of antibiotics has led several countries to ban their use as prophylactics against bacterial diseases or as growth promoters in livestock and poultry. Phytobiotics (bioactive compounds extracted from plants) are one of the alternatives, due to their antimicrobial activity and its modulation of the gut microbiota and the improvement of productive properties. Garlic and onion extracts, rich in antimicrobial compounds, are of the most promising alternative to antibiotics. We supplemented a garlic- and onion-based product in the diet to laying hens at the beginning of their productive life. The group supplied with this product produced in one month more eggs and with bigger size. This increase in production was accompanied by changes in the bacterial community of the gut. These changes in the microbiota suggest an improvement in food digestibility, as the most important changes produced by these compounds occur in the most distal parts of the gut. The relative abundance of beneficial Lactococcus in the ileum and Lactobacillus in the cecum increased in the experimental group. Both genera are known to have beneficial effects on host. These results are very promising for the use of these compounds in poultry for short periods.Phytobiotics (bioactive compounds extracted from plants) are one of the explored alternatives to antibiotics in poultry and livestock due to their antimicrobial activity and its positive effects on gut microbiota and productive properties. In this study, we supplemented a product based on garlic and onion compounds in the diet to laying hens at the beginning of their productive life (from 16 to 20 weeks post-hatching). The experimental group showed a significant increase in the number of eggs laid and in their size, produced in one month compared to the control. This increase in production was accompanied by microbiota changes in the ileum and cecum by means of high throughput sequencing analyses. These bacterial shifts in the ileum were mainly the result of compositional changes in the rare biosphere (unweighted UniFrac), while in the cecum, treatment affected both majority and minority bacterial groups (weighted and unweighted UniFrac). These changes in the microbiota suggest an improvement in food digestibility. The relative abundance of Lactococcus in the ileum and Lactobacillus in the cecum increased significantly in the experimental group. The relative abundance of these bacterial genera are known to have positive effects on thSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo (Junta de Andalucía)University of Granada-CEI BioTic (Project No. P-BS-37)INTERCONECTA program (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness