An evaluation of traits other than production and its association with the survival of dairy cows milked once a day in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of AgriScience at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

New Zealand dairy cows have traditionally been milked twice a day (TAD). However, an increasing number of dairy farms have shifted to once a day (OAD) milking in the last few years for several reasons. A particular emphasis has been placed on the cow’s conformation and its management during the milking routine in OAD dairy farms, as these factors might have altered the culling decisions of herds after shifting from TAD to OAD milking. This thesis evaluates production traits and traits other than production (TOP) in the herd of Massey University Dairy 1 since the start of OAD milking and for three consecutive seasons (2013- 2015), with an assessment of the influence that these traits have on the cow’s survival. Results showed a significant effect of breed, season and lactation on TOP. The scores for most udder traits showed a gradual decrease over lactations. The main reasons for culling were low fertility (37.2%), poor udder conformation (19.9%) and low production (12.8%). Hazard ratios from a Cox proportional hazard model showed that Holstein-Friesian and crossbred cows had a higher likelihood of culling than Jerseys, which also had the highest scores for most udder traits. For some TOP, such as adaptability to milking, rump angle and udder support, higher scores were associated with a lower likelihood of culling. However, intermediate scores were optimum for traits such as body capacity and leg conformation. The results of this thesis are the first to show culling reasons and risk factors for survival in cows recently shifted from TAD to OAD. The analyses of TOP over seasons and over lactations are also unique to this thesis as most studies on this topic only include TOP on first lactation cows. The findings of this thesis indicate that TOP would have a higher priority to make culling decisions in OAD herds during the transition from TAD to OAD milking, compared to TAD herds and also established OAD herds that have used this milking frequency for several seasons. Furthermore, besides body capacity and udder support, traits such as adaptability to milking, rump angle and leg conformation could also potentially be included in a new selection index for OAD dairy cattle

For a social cartography of enconunters

This article results from the encounter and experience with the Social Cartography Methodology by Brazilian and Argentinean research groups, composed of architects, urban planners, and geographers in the Dunas neighborhood, within the periphery of Pelotas, in the Southernmost Brazil state of Rio Grande do Sul. The methodology of Social Cartography followed the weaving of the city, the interrelationships of the particular case of the Dunas neighborhood, line-by-line, in the sewing of the daily life, desires, problems, solutions, and public authorities' actions. The text seeks to raise issues related to the Social Cartography method, such as organization, analysis, and forms of applications. It also points to emancipatory and communitarian aspects involved in this process. We propose that Social Cartography can help to weave the city, undoing the dichotomy between center and periphery while new social spaces are produced from intervention research.Fil: Rocha, Eduardo. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; BrasilFil: Diez Tetamanti, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mesquita Clasen, Carolina. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasi

Braided module and comodule algebras, Galois extensions and elements of trace 1

Let k be a field and let H be a rigid braided Hopf k-algebra. In this paper we continue the study of the theory of braided Hopf crossed products began in [J.A. Guccione, J.J. Guccione, Theory of braided Hopf crossed products, J. Algebra 261 (2003) 54-101]. First we show that to have an H-braided comodule algebra is the same that to have an H†-braided module algebra, where H† is a variant of H*, and then we study the maps [,] and (,), that appear in the Morita context introduced in the above cited paper.Fil: Da Rocha, Mauricio Omar. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciclo Básico Común; ArgentinaFil: Guccione, Jorge Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Argentino de Matemática Alberto Calderón; ArgentinaFil: Guccione, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Argentino de Matemática Alberto Calderón; Argentin

Barrio Nigeria: De la caña al cemento y de la miseria al micro-emprendimiento

El barrio Nigeria es uno de los sectores en que se puede evidenciar la pobreza extrema en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Según Prado & Bárcena Ibarra (2010) “[...] se considera como “pobres extremos” a las personas que residen en hogares cuyos ingresos no alcanzan para adquirir una canasta básica de alimentos, incluso si los destinaran en su totalidad a dicho fin” (p.48). Lo más impresionante es el contraste que se puede percibir con el desarrollo central de la urbe y la periferia, puesto que toma menos de veinte minutos desde el centro de la ciudad llegar a esta localidad ubicada en las orillas del Estero Salado. La primera metodología de investigación aplicada para el análisis del barrio Nigeria fue la observación, constatando la pobreza por medio del estado de las casas, que hace años atrás en su mayoría estaban ubica- das sobre el estero. Este barrio conformado en gran número por habitantes “afrodescendientes”1, se ha convertido desde principios de año en una de las nuevas parroquias católicas de la ciudad de Guayaquil

Ecosystems are showing symptoms of resilience loss

Ecosystems around the world are at risk of critical transitions due to increasing anthropogenic pressures and climate change. Yet, it is unclear where the risks are higher or where in the world are ecosystems more vulnerable. Here I measure resilience of primary productivity proxies for marine and terrestrial ecosystems globally. Up to 29% of global terrestrial ecosystem, and 24% marine ones, show symptoms of resilience loss. These symptoms are shown in all biomes, but by large Arctic tundra and boreal forest are the most affected, as well as the Indian Ocean and Easter Pacific. Despite the results are likely an underestimation, they enable the identification of risk areas as well as the potential synchrony of some transitions. Mapping where ecosystems are likely to undergo critical transitions or long transients can help prioritize areas for management interventions and conservation. These results pave the way towards developing an ecological resilience observatory.Comment: 19 pages (including SM), 2 figures on main text, 10 SM figure

Sphaerodoridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the DIVA-Artabria I project (2002 cruise) with description of a new species from the Ártabro Gulf (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia; PB95-0235Galicia. Consellería de Innovación, Industria e Comercio; PGIDT 01PXI20008PRMinisterio de Educación y Cultura; CTM2004-00740/MA

Two new species of Sphaerodoropsis Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from Iceland (BIOICE programme)

Two new species of Sphaerodoropsis Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae), collected during the BIOICE programme on sedimentary bottoms off Iceland, are described. Sphaerodoropsis gudmunduri sp. nov. is a shelf species (1000 m) and may be distinguished mostly by having up to 13 dorsal macrotubercles arranged in two transverse rows (6–7 macrotubercles, respectively) defining a zig-zag pattern (‘group 3’) and 7 dorsal papillae per chaetiger, up to 8–10 ventral papillae per chaetiger arranged in a non-random pattern and parapodia which bear one digitiform prechaetal lobe, one antero-lateral papilla and compound unidentate chaetae with blades with thin spinulation along their cutting edge. Both species show sexual dimorphism characterized by different arrangements of modified ventral cirri and/or special ventral structures in some mid-body chaetigers; a brief discussion about the presence of these structures on sphaerodorids and their possible importance on the systematics of the family is provided

Polychaeta of the ‘DIVA-Artabria I’ project (cruise 2002) in the continental shelf and upper slope off Galicia (NW Spain)

[Abstract] The present paper reports on the Polychaeta collected during the 2002 cruise of the ‘DIVA-Artabria I’ project in the shelf and upper slope off Golfo Ártabro (Galicia, NW Spain). Eighteen samples were taken at 9 stations covering a depth range from 150 to 1,140 m. Three different sampling gears were used: Agassiz trawl, Naturalist dredge and Epibenthic sledge. A total of 5,598 specimens belonging to 43 polychaete families and 171 species were collected. The polychaete assemblage differed between the shelf and the upper slope: the polychaete fauna from the shelf was composed of infaunal taxa such as ampharetids, opheliids, paraonids and spionids and the upper slope was characterized by mobile epibenthic taxa such as syllids, hesionids, and phyllodocids. The acrocirrid Macrochaeta polyonyx Eliason, 1962 is reported for the first time for the Iberian Peninsula, and new morphological data are provided for the ampharetid Auchenoplax crinita Ehlers, 1887 and the terebellid Euthelepus setubalensis McIntosh, 1885.[Résumé] Polychètes du projet ‘DIVA-Artabria I’ (campagne 2002) sur le talus et le plateau continental au large de la Galice (Espagne). Ce travail a pour but d’étudier les Polychètes récoltés pendant la campagne 2002 du projet ‘DIVAArtabria I’ sur le plateau continental et le talus du Golfo Ártabro (Galice, NW Espagne). Dix-huit échantillons ont été prélevés à 9 stations à une profondeur de 150 à 1140 m. Trois appareils d’échantillonnage différents ont été utilisés: une drague Agassiz, une drague de Naturaliste et un traîneau épibenthique. En tout, 5598 spécimens appartenant à 43 familles et 171 espèces de polychètes ont été récoltés. L’assemblage de polychètes du plateau continental diffère de celui du talus : la faune de polychètes du plateau est composée de taxa de l’endofaune tels les ampharétidés, les ophélidés, les paraonidés et les spionidés, alors que le talus est caractérisé par des taxa épibenthiques mobiles tels les syllidés, les hésionidés et les phyllodocidés. L’acrocirride Macrochaeta polyonyx Eliason, 1962 est cité pour la première fois dans la péninsule ibérique. De nouvelles données morphologiques sont apportées sur l’ampharetidé Auchenoplax crinita Ehlers, 1887 et le térébellidé Euthelepus setubalensis McIntosh, 1885.Ministerio de Educación y Cultura. DIVA Artabria II (CTM2004-00740/MAR)Ministerio de Educación y Cultura. Fauna Ibérica VIII (CGL2004-04680-C10-02/BOS)Ministerio de Educación y Cultura; CGL2007-66786-C08-02/BOSXunta de Galicia; PGIDT 01PXI20008P

Revision of three species of Terebellides (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) described by C. Hessle in 1917 from the Southern Ocean

A revision of the taxonomic status of Terebellides antarcticus Hessle, 1917, Terebellides longicaudatus Hessle, 1917 and Terebellides minutus Hessle, 1917 was undertaken through the examination of the type material. Thus, T. longicaudatus is regarded as a valid species and redescribed and T. antarcticus and T. minutus are considered as junior synonyms of Terebellides kerguelensis McIntosh, 1818. Terebellides longicaudatus is characterized by the presence of large lateral lobes on chaetigers 1 to 5, 1 and 2 being the largest, first thoracic acicular neurochaetae gently bent, wide thoracic neuropodia fascicles with numerous uncini and the first notopodium greatly reduced. Comments on several body characters related to branchial and chaetal structure are also provided