The role of oncogene-induced senescence in malignant transformation and breast tumor progression

Uprkos značaju pojedinih prognostičkih faktora, njihova tačnost u proceni ishoda i određivanju strategija lečenja obolelih od karcinoma dojke je ograničena. Stoga bi definisanje novih molekularnih biomarkera moglo pružiti pouzdaniji pristup u predviđanju prognoze ove bolesti. Cilj ove studije je ispitivanje ekspresije markera p16, p53, p21, pRb i GLB1 u benignim i malignim promenama dojke, kao i njihovog učešća u malignoj transformaciji. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo analizu tkivnog materijala benignih i malignih promena pacijentkinja operisanih u UKC Kragujevac. Na H&E obojenim preparatima definisani su svi makro i mikromorfološki prognostički faktori (histološki tip i gradus tumora, veličina, nodalni status, dezmoplazija, nekroza, mononuklearna reakcija i td.) Imunohistohemijski, primenom antitela (p16,p53,p21,pRb,GLB1), određivana je tkivna ekspresija markera semikvantitativnim očitavanjem pozitivne reakcije. Definisanjem cut off vrednosti, karcinomi su svrstavani u pozitivnu i negativnu grupu za svaki analizirani marker. Ekspresija svih markera raste sa progresijom citoloških promena u epitelu. Njihova ekspresija je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa različitim promenama u dojci, sa proliferativnim indeksom i HER2+ tumorima. Ekspresija p16, pRb, p21, GLB1 je najveća u HER2+ karcinomima dojke, dok je ekspresija p53 najveća u TNBC. Značajna korelacija je utvrđena između ekspresije p16 i p53, p21 i pRb, p21 i GLB1, kao i između pRb i GLB1 u invazivnom karcinomu. Analizirani markeri igraju važnu ulogu u proliferaciji, malignoj transformaciji, kao i u progresiji karcinoma dojke, što ih preproručuje za dalja istraživanja i moguće korišćenje u dijagnostičke, prognostičke i prediktivne svrhe.Despite the importance of certain prognostic factors, their accuracy in assessing outcomes and determining treatment strategies for breast cancer patients is limited. Therefore, the definition of new molecular biomarkers could provide a more reliable approach for prediction of the prognosis of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of markers p16, p53, p21, pRb and GLB1 in benign and malignant breast changes, as well as their participation in malignant transformation. The research included the analysis of tissue material of benign and malignant changes in patients operated at the University Clinical Center Kragujevac. All macro and micromorphological prognostic factors (histological type and grade of tumor, size, nodal status, desmoplasia, necrosis, mononuclear reaction, etc.) were defined on H&E stained preparations. Immunohistochemically, using antibodies (p16, p53, p21, pRb, GLB1) tissue expression of markers were determined by a semiquantitative reading of a positive reaction. By defining cut-off values, cancers were classified into positive and negative groups for each analyzed marker. The expression of all markers increased with the progression of cytological changes in the epithelium. Their expression positively correlated with various changes in the breast, with the proliferative index and HER2+ tumors. The expression of p16, pRb, p21, GLB1 is the highest in HER2+ breast cancers, while the expression of p53 is the highest in TNBC. A significant correlation was found between the expression of p16 and p53, p21 and pRb, p21 and GLB1, as well as between pRb and GLB1 in invasive cancer. The analyzed markers play an important role in proliferation, malignant transformation, as well as in the progression of breast cancer, which recommends them for further research and possible use for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive purposes

Effect of basicity on the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production

In a heterogeneous base methanolysis of vegetable oils one of the most important characteristics of the catalysts are the basicity and the availability of basic centers. The impact of these factors on the catalytic activity was investigated in the reaction of sunflower oil methanolysis by CaO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The particle morphology of CaO-dispersed onto γ-Al2O3 surface was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), while basicity and basic strength of prepared catalysts were determined using Hammett indicators method. The results showed a strong dependance of catalytic activity on its basicity. The catalyst with the highest basicity was the most active, and decreasing basicity reduces activity of the catalyst. In addition, it was shown that the catalyst activity depends on the favorable spatial distribution of basic sites, i.e. of their availability

Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity and biological decontamination efficiency of ED-1 emulsion

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, as well as biological decontamination potential of emulsion ED-1, highly efficient in radiological decontamination of metal surfaces contaminated with uranium isotopes, was assessed. The antimicrobial potency of ED-1 was evaluated against 10 different microorganisms including four Gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606, Escherichia coli NCTC 9001, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13803 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662), four Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6057, Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 11994, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571) and two fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019). Although without strong bactericidal and fungicidal properties in standard agar diffusion assays, ED-1 effectively inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa cells in liquid culture and more importantly, showed high potential to disperse P. aeruginosa biofilms. ED-1 was also capable to efficiently remove Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 spores in quantitative and a semi-quantitative biological decontamination tests on metal surfaces. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity and biological decontamination efficiency of ED-1 was comparable to and better than that of calcium hypochlorite solution or commercial decontaminant BX-24. This study highlighted the possibility to use ED-1, with up to 5-fold reduced amounts of calcium hypochlorite in comparison to currently used methodology, for both biological and radiological decontamination, resulting in both environmental and financial benefits

Seed Quality of Oilseed Rape Varieties with Different Size and Colors After Three and Fifteen Months Storage

During two years, germinability and initial growth of seedling of nine foreign varieties and four domestic varieties were studied. The seed is grouped by size (small, medium and large), color (dark transitional and light color of seed coat). Then it was preserved and at three and fifteen months of age in the laboratory and in the field, germinability, dormant seed and growth of shoot and radicle root were examined. In addition to the age, other factors (variety, size, color, period of storage) influenced significantly (P≥0.05 to P≥0.00) on seed germinability and growth of seedling. Higher germinability is achieved from large seeds up to 3.6%. Depending on the seed coat color, the germinability varied to 11%. The seed coat color has had a high impact on maintaining germinability for fifteen months. Seeds with darker coat have also shown higher potential for storage and use in subsequent seeding periods, as determined by the application of the aging test on seed. Significant interdependence (r) was obtained between the germinability test and the growth of seedling in laboratory conditions and in field conditions. Between the germinability and the growth of the shoot and the root, a significant interdependence was established, depending on the varieties (P≥0.05 to P≥0.00). Keywords: Age; Dormancy; Germinability; Seed; Seedling

Activity of DPU-Ni/D hydrogenation catalysts prepared by urea method

Nickel catalysts supported on diatomite (Ni/D) were prepared by deposition-precipitation urea (DPU) method. The precipitation of Ni(II) phase onto diatomite surface was performed under various deposition-precipitation times. The catalyst precursors prepared with different nickel loading were then subjected through preparation steps including drying, reduction and passivation under the same conditions. Characterization of textural, structural and reducible properties was carried out using following techniques: N2-physisorption, Hg-porosimetry, XRD, IR, TG-DTG and TPR. The activity of DPU-Ni/D catalysts was tested in the reaction of hydrogenation of soybean oil. This reaction was performed in a three-phase slurry reactor, under conditions described in our previous paper. Figures 1 and 2 show the activities of the 1-U-Ni/D, 2-U-Ni/D and 3-U-Ni/D in catalytic test reaction of soybean oil hydrogenation. For hydrogenation reaction the highest activity was observed for the catalyst sample 1-U-Ni/D with the lowest nickel loading. The activity of catalyst samples increased in the following order: 1-U-Ni/D > 2-U-Ni/D > 3-U-Ni/D. An observed trend of increasing activity with decrease of Ni loading is in good correlation with the results obtained by the characterization of the catalyst surface and, in particular, with reducible characteristics of prepared DPU-Ni/D catalyst samples

Dynamic adsorption characteristics of thin layered activated charcoal materials used in chemical protective overgarments

The efficiency of a thin layered activated charcoal material used in chemical protective overgarments has been evaluated. The study has been conducted with the aim to obtain protective materials with best characteristics considering resistance to benzene effect under dynamic conditions and to create a new filtration protection device. In order to evaluate dynamic adsorption characteristics of thin layered sorption materials, sophisticated dynamic gas chromatography method is used. The curves of benzene penetration are determined for sandwich materials, and sorption layers used in filtrating protective clothing shows that thin layered carbon sorption materials (type MOO) have good protective properties as compared to other similar materials. The findings will help to create conditions for developing a functional model for producing a new protective overgarment in the near future

The influence of synthesis parameters on textural properties of modified Ni-based catalysts supported on magnesia for production of reducing atmosphere

Reducing gas atmosphere containing CO and H2 as processing gasses is commonly used in the metal processing industry for heat treatment of special metals. For the production of reducing atmosphere conventionally are employed nickel catalysts on various ceramic supports. Since the process takes place at high temperature, thermal stability and textural properties of catalysts are of particular interest. In this work magnesia supported nickel catalysts were synthesized. The catalyst synthesis consisted of single or successive impregnations with nitrate precursor salts of nickel and modifiers (Al, Ca and Mg), followed by thermal catalyst activation. Nickel:- modifier molar ratio was 10:1.The solid to liquid mass ratio was 1:3. The concentration of Ni in impregnation solution varied from 1.0 to 3.0 moldm-3. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was used for textural characterization since the synthesized catalysts were predominantly macroporous. The impregnation led to decrease of total pore volume, broadening and shifting of pore size distribution curve towards smaller pores. These changes were enhanced with the increase of initial concentration of Ni solution and number of successive impregnations as well as the nature of modifier. The Ni-catalyst modified with Al showed the best textural properties

p-Nitrophenol electro-oxidation on carbon glass electrode modified with organoclays

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a thin layer of modified clay obtained from insufficiently investigated locality Mečji Do in Serbia. The clay is very rich in smectite with only traces of other minerals like crystoballite. Na-enriched smectite and a series of tetramethylammonium smectites (TMA-S) with different TMA/S ratios were tested as constituents of GCE based working electrode in the electro–oxidation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) in H2SO4 as support electrolyte

Dynamic adsorption characteristics of thin layered activated charcoal materials used in chemical protective overgarments

The efficiency of a thin layered activated charcoal material used in chemical protective overgarments has been evaluated. The study has been conducted with the aim to obtain protective materials with best characteristics considering resistance to benzene effect under dynamic conditions and to create a new filtration protection device. In order to evaluate dynamic adsorption characteristics of thin layered sorption materials, sophisticated dynamic gas chromatography method is used. The curves of benzene penetration are determined for sandwich materials, and sorption layers used in filtrating protective clothing shows that thin layered carbon sorption materials (type MOO) have good protective properties as compared to other similar materials. The findings will help to create conditions for developing a functional model for producing a new protective overgarment in the near future

The role of oncogene-induced senescence in malignant transformation and breast tumor progression

Uprkos značaju pojedinih prognostičkih faktora, njihova tačnost u proceni ishoda i određivanju strategija lečenja obolelih od karcinoma dojke je ograničena. Stoga bi definisanje novih molekularnih biomarkera moglo pružiti pouzdaniji pristup u predviđanju prognoze ove bolesti. Cilj ove studije je ispitivanje ekspresije markera p16, p53, p21, pRb i GLB1 u benignim i malignim promenama dojke, kao i njihovog učešća u malignoj transformaciji. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo analizu tkivnog materijala benignih i malignih promena pacijentkinja operisanih u UKC Kragujevac. Na H&E obojenim preparatima definisani su svi makro i mikromorfološki prognostički faktori (histološki tip i gradus tumora, veličina, nodalni status, dezmoplazija, nekroza, mononuklearna reakcija i td.) Imunohistohemijski, primenom antitela (p16,p53,p21,pRb,GLB1), određivana je tkivna ekspresija markera semikvantitativnim očitavanjem pozitivne reakcije. Definisanjem cut off vrednosti, karcinomi su svrstavani u pozitivnu i negativnu grupu za svaki analizirani marker. Ekspresija svih markera raste sa progresijom citoloških promena u epitelu. Njihova ekspresija je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa različitim promenama u dojci, sa proliferativnim indeksom i HER2+ tumorima. Ekspresija p16, pRb, p21, GLB1 je najveća u HER2+ karcinomima dojke, dok je ekspresija p53 najveća u TNBC. Značajna korelacija je utvrđena između ekspresije p16 i p53, p21 i pRb, p21 i GLB1, kao i između pRb i GLB1 u invazivnom karcinomu. Analizirani markeri igraju važnu ulogu u proliferaciji, malignoj transformaciji, kao i u progresiji karcinoma dojke, što ih preproručuje za dalja istraživanja i moguće korišćenje u dijagnostičke, prognostičke i prediktivne svrhe.Despite the importance of certain prognostic factors, their accuracy in assessing outcomes and determining treatment strategies for breast cancer patients is limited. Therefore, the definition of new molecular biomarkers could provide a more reliable approach for prediction of the prognosis of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of markers p16, p53, p21, pRb and GLB1 in benign and malignant breast changes, as well as their participation in malignant transformation. The research included the analysis of tissue material of benign and malignant changes in patients operated at the University Clinical Center Kragujevac. All macro and micromorphological prognostic factors (histological type and grade of tumor, size, nodal status, desmoplasia, necrosis, mononuclear reaction, etc.) were defined on H&E stained preparations. Immunohistochemically, using antibodies (p16, p53, p21, pRb, GLB1) tissue expression of markers were determined by a semiquantitative reading of a positive reaction. By defining cut-off values, cancers were classified into positive and negative groups for each analyzed marker. The expression of all markers increased with the progression of cytological changes in the epithelium. Their expression positively correlated with various changes in the breast, with the proliferative index and HER2+ tumors. The expression of p16, pRb, p21, GLB1 is the highest in HER2+ breast cancers, while the expression of p53 is the highest in TNBC. A significant correlation was found between the expression of p16 and p53, p21 and pRb, p21 and GLB1, as well as between pRb and GLB1 in invasive cancer. The analyzed markers play an important role in proliferation, malignant transformation, as well as in the progression of breast cancer, which recommends them for further research and possible use for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive purposes