Autologous mesenchymal stem cell endografting in experimental cerebrovascular aneurysms

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Disruption of the Phosphate Transporter Pit1 in Hepatocytes Improves Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Signaling by Modulating the USP7/IRS1 Interaction

International audienceThe liver plays a central role in whole-body lipid and glucose homeostasis. Increasing dietary fat intake results in increased hepatic fat deposition, which is associated with a risk for development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we demonstrate a role for the phosphate inorganic transporter 1 (PiT1/SLC20A1) in regulating metabolism. Specific knockout of Pit1 in hepatocytes significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, enhanced insulin signaling, and decreased hepatic lipogenesis. We identified USP7 as a PiT1 binding partner and demonstrated that Pit1 deletion inhibited USP7/IRS1 dissociation upon insulin stimulation. This prevented IRS1 ubiquitination and its subsequent proteasomal degradation. As a consequence, delayed insulin negative feedback loop and sustained insulin signaling were observed. Moreover, PiT1-deficient mice were protected against high-fat-diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Our findings indicate that PiT1 has potential as a therapeutic target in the context of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes

Gd(DOTA)-grafted submicronic polysaccharide-based particles functionalized with fucoidan as potential MR contrast agent able to target human activated platelets.

International audienceEarly detection of thrombotic events remains a big medical challenge. Dextran-based submicronic particles bearing Gd(DOTA) groups and functionalized with fucoidan have been produced via a simple and green water-in-oil emulsification/co-crosslinking process. Their capacity to bind to human activated platelets was evidenced in vitro as well as their cytocompatibility with human endothelial cells. The presence of Gd(DOTA) moieties was confirmed by elemental analysis and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXF) spectrometry. Detailed characterization of particles was performed in terms of size distribution, morphology, and relaxation rates. In particular, longitudinal and transversal proton relaxivities were respectively 1.7 and 5.0 times higher than those of DOTAREM. This study highlights their potential as an MRI diagnostic platform for atherothrombosis

In vitro and in vivo hemocompatibility evaluation of a new dermatan sulfate-modified PET patch for vascular repair surgery

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group O Infection in France: Clinical Features and Immunovirological Response to Antiretrovirals

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