microbeMASST: A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data

microbeMASST, a taxonomically informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbe-derived metabolites and relative producers without a priori knowledge will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms’ role in ecology and human health

A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data

MicrobeMASST, a taxonomically-informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbial-derived metabolites and relative producers, without a priori knowledge, will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms’ role in ecology and human health

‘Aberrant localisation of Annexin A1 is associated with metastatic outcome in thin melanomas’

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Dietary Supplementation with a Low Dose of Polyphenol-Rich Grape Pomace Extract Prevents Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Rats

Dietary Supplementation with a Low Dose of Polyphenol-Rich Grape Pomace Extract Prevents Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Rat

Lemon Verbena Infusion Consumption Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in the Rat

International audienceBackground Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consist of an uncontrolled intestinal inflammation leading to mucosal disruption. This inflammation is accompanied by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polyphenols are micronutrients with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and may play an interesting role in the prevention of intestinal inflammation. Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) infusion is a popular herbal infusion rich in polyphenols (flavones and verbascoside).Aims This study evaluated the preventive effects of lemon verbena infusion consumption against mild-to-moderate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats.Methods Wistar rats drank water or lemon verbena infusion for 14 days. On day 15, half of the rats received DSS (4%) in their drink for 7 days. At the end of the experimental period, the colon was taken for histopathological examination and determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], glutathione reductase [GR], catalase [CAT]), glutathione and lipid peroxidation. Lymphocyte populations were determined in blood, mesenteric nodes and Peyer's patches.Results Rats ingested daily 5.6 mu mol of polyphenols. DSS reduced food intake and induced colitis, as reflected by histological lesions and increased MPO activity. Although these alterations were not significantly counteracted by lemon verbena consumption, the herbal infusion increased colonic SOD activity and decreased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde). Other oxidative stress markers (GPx, GR, CAT, glutathione) were not significantly modified.Conclusion Our study shows that the preventive consumption of lemon verbena infusion offered some antioxidative protection during experimental colitis by stimulating SOD activity and decreasing lipid peroxidation

Pancreatic intubation facilitated by methylene blue injection decreases the risk for postpapillectomy acute pancreatitis

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Etude des effets preventifs d'extraits de marc de raisin sur l'inflammation colique induite par le sulfate de dextran sodique (DSS) chez le rat Preventive effect of grape pomace extracts on Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in rats

présentation orale : Boussena A .De nombreuses études ont souligné l'effet protecteur des polyphénols vis-à-vis de diverses pathologies chroniques. Cette étude vise à évaluer et comparer les effets d'une supplémentation nutritionnelle en extraits de marc de raisin (EMR), riches en polyphénols, dans la prévention d'une inflammation colique chimio-induite chez le rat. Les EMRs sont issus de deux cépages (Pinot ou Alicante) et de deux procédés d'extraction (classique : C ou breveté : B). Pour cela, des rats Wistar (n=40) ont été nourris ad libitum durant 21 jours avec un régime semi-synthétique supplémenté ou non avec un EMR (Pinot-C, Alicante-C, Alicante-B). L'inflammation colique a été induite par administration de DSS à 4% dans l'eau de boisson pendant les 7 derniers jours. L'analyse histologique, la détermination de l'activité de la myéloperoxydase (MPO) et de la superoxyde dismutase (SOD) ont été réalisées au niveau colique. Différentes cytokines ont été dosées au niveau du côlon. L'expression des gènes de la NO-synthase inductible (iNOS) et de la cyclooxygénase-2 (COX-2) a été déterminée par qRT-PCR. Le DSS induit une inflammation colique caractérisée par une chute du gain pondéral et des lésions histologiques. Les EMRs (Alicante) permettent de maintenir le gain de poids et de limiter les atteintes histologiques. Les EMRs Alicante-B et Pinot-C diminuent l'activité de la MPO induite par le DSS et l'EMR Alicante-B augmente l'activité de la SOD au niveau colique. Tous les EMRs limitent l'augmentation des taux coliques de cytokines pro-inflammatoires induite par le DSS. Les EMRs diminuent l'expression des gènes COX-2 (Alicante-B) et iNOS (Alicante-C et Alicante-B). Ainsi, ces résultats montrent que la consommation à titre préventif d'EMRs pourrait limiter le développement de l'inflammation colique. Ces travaux sont réalisés dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE avec le groupe 3inature (Saint-Bonnet-de-Rochefort)

Impact of basal diet on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in rats

International audienceDextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis is a widely used model for inflammatory bowel disease. However, various factors including nutrition may affect the development of this colitis. This study aimed to compare and characterize the impact of purified and non-purified basal diets on the development of DSS-induced colitis in the rat. Wistar rats were fed a non-purified or a semi-synthetic purified diet for 21 days. Colitis was then induced in half of the rats by administration of DSS in drinking water (4 % w/v) during the last 7 days of experimentation. At the end of the experimental period, colon sections were taken for histopathological examination, determination of various markers of inflammation (myeloperoxidase: MPO, cytokines) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT, glutathione peroxidase: GPx and glutathione reductase: GRed activities), and evaluation of the expression of various genes implicated in this disorder. DSS ingestion induced a more marked colitis in animals receiving the purified diet, as reflected by higher histological score and increased MPO activity. A significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities was also observed in rats fed the purified diet. Also, in these animals, administration of DSS induced a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β and IL-6. In addition, various genes implicated in inflammation were over-expressed after ingestion of DSS by rats fed the purified diet. These results show that a purified diet promotes the onset of a more severe induced colitis than a non-purified one, highlighting the influence of basal diet in colitis development

Different acylcarnitines tissue profiles as metabolomics signatures of human hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease according to fibrosis level

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Endoscopy-based management decreases the risk of postoperative recurrences in Crohn's disease

International audienceAIM: to investigate whether an endoscopy-based management could prevent the long-term risk of postoperative recurrence. METHODS: From the pathology department database, we retrospectively retrieved the data of all the patients operated on for Crohn's disease (CD) in our center (1986-2015). Endoscopy-based management was defined as systematic postoperative colonoscopy (median time after surgery = 9.5 mo) in patients with no clinical postoperative recurrence at the time of endoscopy. RESULTS: From 205 patients who underwent surgery, 161 patients (follow-up > 6 mo) were included. Endoscopic postoperative recurrence occurred in 67.6%, 79.7%, and 95.5% of the patients, respectively 5, 10 and 20 years after surgery. The rate of clinical postoperative recurrence was 61.4%, 75.9%, and 92.5% at 5, 10 and 20 years, respectively. The rate of surgical postoperative recurrence was 19.0%, 38.9% and 64.7%, respectively, 5, 10 and 20 years after surgery. In multivariate analysis, previous intestinal resection, prior exposure to anti-TNF therapy before surgery, and fistulizing phenotype (B3) were postoperative risk factors. Previous perianal abscess/fistula (other perianal lesions excluded), were predictive of only symptomatic recurrence. In multivariate analysis, an endoscopy-based management (n = 49/161) prevented clinical (HR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.25-0.66, p < 0.001) and surgical postoperative recurrence (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13-0.70, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Endoscopy-based management should be recommended in all CD patients within the first year after surgery as it highly decreases the long-term risk of clinical recurrence and reoperation