Adoption of improved wheat varieties at Kanchanpur, Nepal

Usage of improved varieties raises the crop yield. To assess the adoption status of improved wheat varieties in the Kanchanpur district, this study investigated the varietal coverage of wheat along with factors affecting the adoption of improved varieties. A pre-tested interview schedule was administered to interview 90 randomly selected wheat-producing households in Bhimdutta, Bedkot and Dodhara Chandni (Mahakali) municipality. A binary logistic regression was used for triangulating the effect of different variables on the adoption of improved wheat varieties. Besides, descriptive statistics and indexing were also applied. The findings revealed that 80.97% of the area was under improved varieties, two-thirds of which were released varieties. In addition, of the released varieties, Vijay had the highest area coverage (27.97%), followed by Aditya (19.47%), Gautam (18.76%), NL971 (16.42%), BL4341 (13.65%) and others (3.73%), respectively. Further, the adoption of improved wheat varieties was found to be significantly driven by input subsidy (5% level) and access to extension services (10% level). Nevertheless, the adoption was impeded by problems namely; timely unavailability of improved variety seeds followed by lack of knowledge about improved varieties, unavailability of improved variety seeds in local markets, high cost of seeds and poor quality of seeds respectively, as identified and ranked by indexing. In light of these findings, input subsidies to the smallholding farmers, regular advisory and extension services along with participatory training programs relevant to the adoption of improved practices and timely availability of improved seeds are suggested to increase the adoption of improved wheat varieties among the farmers

Vena Cava Filter Complications:: Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Presenting as a Gastrointestinal Bleed

Vena cava filters (VCFs) have been employed at a rapidly growingpace over the last two decades.1,2 In fact, VCFs are placed in patientsin the United States at an estimated rate of 25 times that in Europe.3Likewise, the number of reported complications from VCFs alsohas increased significantly.1,4 The growing collection of literature onVCFs has led to an increased awareness of potential adverse outcomesafter filter insertion, and emphasis on appropriate preventionand treatment of these complications. We present an unusual case ofabdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm resulting from VCF perforationin a young patient who presented with hematemesis

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL FIXED DOSE COMBINATION OF S (-) PANTOPRAZOLE AND MOSAPRIDE CITRATE BY TABLET IN CAPSULE APPROACH

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to formulate a fixed dose combination of chirally pure S (-) Pantoprazole and Mosapride citrate tablets. Since no systematic studies on design and development of S (-) Pantoprazole and Mosapride citrate tablets in capsule approach are available in literature, we propose to develop a suitable formulation to characterize in-vitro release profile of both the tablets in capsules. Chirally pure S (-) Pantoprazole tablets were prepared as delayed release and Mosapride citrate tablets were prepared as immediate release tablets.Methods: Enteric coating was done on S (-) Pantoprazole tablets to modify its release in 6.8 phosphate buffer. In-vitro dissolution of capsule containing both the tablets was performed in two different media, 0.1N HCl and 6.8 phosphate buffer respectively. All Physico-chemical parameters for both the tablets as well as capsules were evaluated individually and were found well within the specified limits.Result: Initially dissolution was performed in 0.1 N HCl in which immediate release tablet of Mosapride dissolve completely and pantoprazole tablets remains as it is due to enteric coating. Further tablet was placed in 6.8 phosphate buffer in which delayed release tablets of S (-) Pantoprazole gives complete release. Drug product was found stable during accelerated stability studies for 6 month at 40°C/75% RH.Conclusion: A stable and robust formulation of S (-) Pantoprazole and Mosapride citrate as fixed dose combination was developed and evaluated. Tablet in capsule approach was developed and results were well within the specified limits.Keywords: S (-) pantoprazole, Mosapride citrate, Modified release, Fixed-dose combination, Delayed release

Role of saline infusion sonography in abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: To describe the diagnostic efficacy of Saline Infusion Sonography(SIS) in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding(AUB). Methods: This is a hospital based observational descriptive study conducted in 121 women visiting the OPD with complain of AUB in any form, between September 2011-August 2012. SIS was done using Crooke’s cannula followed by Diagnostic Hysteroscopy(DH) the following day. Results obtained were analysed.Results: 61% of the cases of AUB were diagnosed to have some abnormality by hysteroscopy as compared to 51 % by SIS. The sensitivity of SIS was greatest(100%) for Mullerian anomalies, 75% for endometrial hyperplasia, 69% for endometrial polyps, 68.75% for submucous myomas and 66.67% for endometritis. The specificity was greatestfor endometrial hyperplasia and adhesions(100%), 99% for submucous myomas, 98.3% for endometritis, 95.7% for endometrial polyps and mullerian anomalies. It had a 100% positive predictive value for endometrial hyperplasia, 92% and 83% for submucous myomas and endometrial polyps respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity of SIS in our setting was67.56% and 93.6% respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of SIS for Endometrial hyperplasia, Endometritis, Endometrial Polyps, Mullerian abnormalities, Submucus fibroid and Adhesions was 96.69%, 97.53%,89.25%,95.86%,95.04% and 98.34% respectively.Conclusions: We found Saline Infusion Sonography to be an easy and safe procedure, though being less sensitive, it cannot replace hysteroscopy as a whole. Though hysteroscopy is a gold standard, saline infusion sonography is an easy, safe procedure for diagnosing intracavitary pathologies in low resource setting and despite being less sensitive, it can still reduce the number of hysteroscopies

Synthesis and pharmacological study of some novel thiazolidinones

A series of some novel thiazolidinones derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their pharmacological activities. Thiazolidinones were synthesized from p-nitro aniline in four steps. First Schiff’s bases (V1- 8) were prepared by reacting the N4 -(4-nitrophenyl) thiazole-2,4-diamine (3) of p-nitro aniline derivatives with different aromatic aldehydes. Cyclocondensation of the Schiff’s bases with thioglycolic acid in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride resulted in the formation of the corresponding thiazolidinone (VD1-8) analogues. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their spectral data. The synthesized selected compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Synthesis and pharmacological study of some novel thiazolidinones

A series of some novel thiazolidinones derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their pharmacological activities. Thiazolidinones were synthesized from p-nitro aniline in four steps. First Schiff’s bases (V1- 8) were prepared by reacting the N4 -(4-nitrophenyl) thiazole-2,4-diamine (3) of p-nitro aniline derivatives with different aromatic aldehydes. Cyclocondensation of the Schiff’s bases with thioglycolic acid in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride resulted in the formation of the corresponding thiazolidinone (VD1-8) analogues. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their spectral data. The synthesized selected compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

A pharmacovigilance study in patients of chronic non-infective respiratory diseases attending outpatient department of pulmonary medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are the known dangers of any medicinal therapy. They are not only responsible for increasing the mortality and morbidity but also for multiplying the health care expenditure. It is important to monitor the adverse effects of the drugs in the patients on treatment for chronic non-infective respiratory diseases attending OPD of pulmonary medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospitalMethods: The study was single-centric, non-randomized and observational hospital-based study which was carried out for a period of 1 and a half years in JJ Hospital. The patients who were included in the study suffered from either of the 4 diseases-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis or interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Data were analyzed by using Microsoft excel sheet. Based on the outcome of modified Hartwig and Siegel severity assessment scale, ADRs were grouped into various severity categories.Results: One hundred and thirty-two number of ADRs were seen in 69 out of 352 patients (19.6 %) of the study population. The occurrence of ADR was found slightly higher in males i.e., 53.62% as compared to females i.e., 46.38%. The patients who were on treatment for ILD showed highest percentage of ADRs i.e., 57.89% which is followed by bronchiectasis (17.39%), COPD (16.17%) and lastly asthma (10.26%). The ADRs belonging to GIT system were highest in number i.e., 80. The most frequently occurring ADR in the study was palpitation which occurred in 14 cases i.e., 20.29%. Out of 132 ADRs observed, 96 i.e., 72.73% belonged to the mild category and 36 ADRs i.e., 27.27% belonged to the moderate category. Not a single severe ADR was found in the study.Conclusions: It was found that 19.6% of the patient population suffered from ADRs, which is a considerable number. It is essential that health care professionals should support ADR monitoring process for the safety of the medicinal product. Proper implementation of ADR monitoring will help to reduce the harmful effects by early detection of drug safety problems in patients, assessing the risk-benefit in an individual and the population, improving the selection, rational use of drugs through the provision of timely warning to healthcare professionals

Synthesis and pharmacological study of some novel thiazolidinones

A series of some novel thiazolidinones derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their pharmacological activities. Thiazolidinones were synthesized from p-nitro aniline in four steps. First Schiff’s bases (V1- 8) were prepared by reacting the N4 -(4-nitrophenyl) thiazole-2,4-diamine (3) of p-nitro aniline derivatives with different aromatic aldehydes. Cyclocondensation of the Schiff’s bases with thioglycolic acid in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride resulted in the formation of the corresponding thiazolidinone (VD1-8) analogues. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their spectral data. The synthesized selected compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire