Increasing ambient temperature progressively disassembles Arabidopsis phytochrome B from individual photobodies with distinct thermostabilities.

Warm temperature is postulated to induce plant thermomorphogenesis through a signaling mechanism similar to shade, as both destabilize the active form of the photoreceptor and thermosensor phytochrome B (phyB). At the cellular level, shade antagonizes phyB signaling by triggering phyB disassembly from photobodies. Here we report temperature-dependent photobody localization of fluorescent protein-tagged phyB (phyB-FP) in the epidermal cells of Arabidopsis hypocotyl and cotyledon. Our results demonstrate that warm temperature elicits different photobody dynamics than those by shade. Increases in temperature from 12 °C to 27 °C incrementally reduce photobody number by stimulating phyB-FP disassembly from selective thermo-unstable photobodies. The thermostability of photobodies relies on phyB's photosensory module. Surprisingly, elevated temperatures inflict opposite effects on phyB's functions in the hypocotyl and cotyledon despite inducing similar photobody dynamics, indicative of tissue/organ-specific temperature signaling circuitry either downstream of photobody dynamics or independent of phyB. Our results thus provide direct cell biology evidence supporting an early temperature signaling mechanism via dynamic assembly/disassembly of individual photobodies possessing distinct thermostabilities

Do This, in Memory of Me!

In order to better understand the meaning of the Eucharist, in this paper I describe three theologians’ views about the Eucharist. Their views represent three denominations of the Church. They are: Martin Luther (Lutheran), Alexander Schmemann (Orthodox), and Thomas Merton (Roman Catholic). I compare their views from three aspects: The meaning of the presence of Jesus Christ in bread and wine in the Eucharist, the qualification of receiving communion, and the entire meaning of the Eucharist.

An Eulerian-Lagrangian Runge-Kutta finite volume (EL-RK-FV) method for solving convection and convection-diffusion equations

We propose a new Eulerian-Lagrangian Runge-Kutta finite volume method for numerically solving convection and convection-diffusion equations. Eulerian-Lagrangian and semi-Lagrangian methods have grown in popularity mostly due to their ability to allow large time steps. Our proposed scheme is formulated by integrating the PDE on a space-time region partitioned by approximations of the characteristics determined from the Rankine-Hugoniot jump condition; and then rewriting the time-integral form into a time differential form to allow application of Runge-Kutta (RK) methods via the method-of-lines approach. The scheme can be viewed as a generalization of the standard Runge-Kutta finite volume (RK-FV) scheme for which the space-time region is partitioned by approximate characteristics with zero velocity. The high-order spatial reconstruction is achieved using the recently developed weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes with adaptive order (WENO-AO); and the high-order temporal accuracy is achieved by explicit RK methods for convection equations and implicit-explicit (IMEX) RK methods for convection-diffusion equations. Our algorithm extends to higher dimensions via dimensional splitting. Numerical experiments demonstrate our algorithm's robustness, high-order accuracy, and ability to handle extra large time steps.Comment: 35 pages, 21 figures, submitted to the Journal of Computational Physic

The Issue of the Care of Orphans and Children made Vulnerable by HIV/AIDS (OVC) in Ivory Coast: case of the Dabakala region

The epidemic of HIV/AIDS continues to increase the number of Orphans and Children made Vulnerable due to HIV/AIDS (OCV). One of the most serious problems facing the governments, the International organizations and the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in the organization of their response is the absence of data on quality of the services and the effectiveness of their interventions. An orphan is a child of less than 18 years who has lost one of his/her parents or both due to HIV/AIDS. In Ivory Coast, an Orphan of the HIV/AIDS is a completed Older child from 0 to 17 years which lost at least a relative because of the AIDS. It is also a child in situation of vulnerability due to HIV/aids is infected; whose at least relative lives with HIV/AIDS or which lives in an affected household economically by HIV/AIDS (where saw an infected adult.). The objective of this study aims a social-anthropological approach of the assumption of responsibility of the OCV. It aims making an inventory of all the public structures, nuns, NGO, or other speakers in the HIV and/or in favor of the children, likely to deal with of the OCV and identifying and at analyzing the offer of the services as regards assumption of responsibility and accompaniment of the OCV. Keywords: Assumption of responsibility, Orphans, Children vulnerable, HIV/AIDS DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/9-2-1

Enhanced adhesion by high energy bombardment

Films (12) of gold, copper, silicon nitride, or other materials are firmly bonded to insulator substrates (12) such as silica, a ferrite, or Teflon (polytetrafluorethylene) by irradiating the interface with high energy ions. Apparently, track forming processes in the electronic stopping region cause intermixing in a thin surface layer resulting in improved adhesion without excessive doping. Thick layers can be bonded by depositing or doping the interfacial surfaces with fissionable elements or alpha emitters

Publisher Correction: Increasing ambient temperature progressively disassembles Arabidopsis phytochrome B from individual photobodies with distinct thermostabilities.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

On the Meaning of Berry Force For Unrestricted Systems Treated With Mean-Field Electronic Structure

We show that the Berry force as computed by an approximate, mean-field electronic structure can be meaningful if properly interpreted. In particular, for a model Hamiltonian representing a molecular system with an even number of electrons interacting via a two-body (Hubbard) interaction and a spin-orbit coupling, we show that a meaningful nonzero Berry force emerges whenever there is spin unrestriction--even though the Hamiltonian is real-valued and formally the on-diagonal single-surface Berry force must be zero. Moreover, if properly applied, this mean-field Berry force yields roughly the correct asymptotic motion for scattering through an avoided crossing. That being said, within the context of a ground-state calculation, several nuances do arise as far interpreting the Berry force correctly, and as a practical matter, the Berry force diverges near the Coulson-Fisher point (which can lead to numerical instabilities). We do not address magnetic fields here

Arbitrary Order Total Variation for Deformable Image Registration

In this work, we investigate image registration in a variational framework and focus on regularization generality and solver efficiency. We first propose a variational model combining the state-of-the-art sum of absolute differences (SAD) and a new arbitrary order total variation regularization term. The main advantage is that this variational model preserves discontinuities in the resultant deformation while being robust to outlier noise. It is however non-trivial to optimize the model due to its non-convexity, non-differentiabilities, and generality in the derivative order. To tackle these, we propose to first apply linearization to the model to formulate a convex objective function and then break down the resultant convex optimization into several point-wise, closed-form subproblems using a fast, over-relaxed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). With this proposed algorithm, we show that solving higher-order variational formulations is similar to solving their lower-order counterparts. Extensive experiments show that our ADMM is significantly more efficient than both the subgradient and primal-dual algorithms particularly when higher-order derivatives are used, and that our new models outperform state-of-the-art methods based on deep learning and free-form deformation. Our code implemented in both Matlab and Pytorch is publicly available at https://github.com/j-duan/AOTV

Triad instability of planetary rossby waves

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 37 (2007): 2158–2171, doi:10.1175/jpo3100.1.The triad instability of the large-scale, first-mode, baroclinic Rossby waves is studied in the context of the planetary scale when the Coriolis parameter is to its lowest order varying with latitude. Accordingly, rather than remain constant as in quasigeostrophic theory, the deformation radius also changes with latitude, yielding new and interesting features to the propagation and triad instability processes. On the planetary scale, baroclinic waves vary their meridional wavenumbers along group velocity rays while they conserve both frequencies and zonal wavenumbers. The amplitudes of both barotropic and baroclinic waves would change with latitude along a ray path in the same way that the Coriolis parameter does if effects of the nonlinear interaction are ignored. The triad interaction for a specific triad is localized within a small latitudinal band where the resonance conditions are satisfied and quasigeostrophic theory is applicable locally. Using the growth rate from that theory as a measure, at each latitude along the ray path of the basic wave, a barotropic wave and a secondary baroclinic wave are picked up to form the most unstable triad and the distribution of this maximum growth rate is examined. It is found to increase southward under the assumption that triad interactions do not cause a noticeable decrease in the quantity of the basic wave’s amplitude divided by the Coriolis parameter. Different barotropic waves that maximize the growth rate at different latitudes have almost the same meridional length scale, on the order of the deformation radius. With many rays starting from different latitudes on the eastern boundary and with wavenumbers on each of them satisfying the no-normal-flow condition, the resulting two-dimensional distribution of the growth rate is a complicated function of the relative relations of zonal wavenumbers or frequencies on different rays and the orientation of the eastern boundary. In general, the growth rate is largest on rays originating to the north.This research was supported in part by NSF OCE 0451086 and by the MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Physical Oceanography