A Reexamination of Professional and Popular Thought on Assistance for Economic Development: 1949-1952

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Examining The Role Of Reproductive Interference In The Decline Of Native Green Treefrogs Following Cuban Treefrog Invasions

Reproductive interference occurs when the mating behaviors of one species negatively impact the fitness of another species. It is of increasing interest in invasive species biology because the introduction of alien species often leads to novel sexual interactions with native taxa, which can contribute to their decline. I examined whether reproductive interference plays a role in the decline of native green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) following invasions of Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) in the southeastern United States. The impetus for this study revolves around similarities in spectro-temporal features of Cuban treefrog courtship calls and green treefrog aggressive calls. The significance of this similarity is that the aggressive calls of green treefrogs stimulate elevations in circulating glucocorticoids in rival conspecific males, which suppresses androgen production and reproductive behavior. I thus hypothesized that introduced Cuban treefrogs negatively impact green treefrogs because the courtship calls of Cuban treefrogs stimulate chronic elevations in circulating glucocorticoid levels that suppress reproduction in native green treefrogs. This hypothesis was tested using vocal playback experiments to examine the effects of Cuban treefrog calls on the endocrine physiology of green treefrogs and by examining hormone levels and calling behavior of green treefrogs in natural choruses with and without Cuban treefrogs. Playback experiments revealed that the aggressive calls of green treefrogs stimulate glucocorticoid production in conspecific males, consistent with previous work, but that Cuban treefrog vocalizations do not stimulate glucocorticoid production in green treefrogs. In natural choruses, the density of calling male green treefrogs and the proportion of non-calling male green treefrogs were positively correlated with circulating glucocorticoids and negatively correlated with androgens, and body size was positively correlated with circulating androgen levels. After statistically controlling for these variables, there was no evidence that circulating hormone levels or behavior differed in choruses of green treefrogs in the presence and absence of Cuban treefrogs. These results suggest that interactions among competing conspecific male green treefrogs influence circulating hormone levels but that Cuban treefrogs are not altering the endocrine physiology of green treefrogs

Are The Right Students Receiving Need Based Federal Student Financial Aid

Students at a college or university who receive need-based financial aid, receive a tremendous financial resource compared to those students who do not receive need based financial aid. A sample of 100 students from various backgrounds and skills were surveyed. The survey asked questions of the two student groups: received need based financial aid group and non-need based financial aid group. The overall questions were intended to identify specific traits and measures of the students performance

Some organic arsenic compounds of possible therapeutic activity

1. Some benzene derivatives containing long aliphatic side chains have been prepared. Such amino compounds did not take part in the Bart reaction. 2. A series of N-substituted aminomalonamide phenyl arsinic acids have been prepared and their therapeutic activity tested on an experimental trypanosome infection in mice. 3. Several alkyl bromomalonamides have been prepared but these would not condense with parsanilic acid. 4. Attempts to prepare succinamide arsinic acids and the utilisation of o-arsanilic acid in the general condensation met with failure. 5. A short study has been commenced in the diphenyl ether series and a few new compounds prepared

Impact of Rainfall on Coliform and Parasite Levels in Local Groundwater

Undergraduate Basi

Facing Evil

It is no earthshaking news that the American public has become fascinated- some would say obsessed-with crime over the last few decades. Moreover, this fascination has translated into a potent political force that has remade the world of criminal justice. Up through the middle of the 1960s crime was not something about which politicians had much to say. What was there to say? Crime is bad. We do what we can about crime. Crime will always be with us at one level or another. Only a hermit could have missed the transformation of crime over the last couple of decades from a non-issue to a hot button that politicians from both parties have learned to push with the frenetic energy of video game players competing for the highest score. If the mantra of tough on crime has faded into the background of political discourse a bit since the 1980s and 1990s, it is only because the tough on crime philosophy has achieved the status of dogma-that which almost no politician would take issue with. How and why the American public became so fascinated with crime and so supportive of punitive policies remains something of a puzzle

Hryniak, the 2010 Amendments, and the First Stages of a Culture Shift?: The Evolution of Ontario Civil Procedure in the 2010s

This dissertation investigates the effects of amendments to Ontarios Rules of Civil Procedure that came into effect on January 1, 2010 (the 2010 Amendments) and were subject to interpretation by the Supreme Court of Canada in a 2014 decision (Hryniak). Hryniak concerned summary judgment. However, the dissertation largely concentrates on the effects of Hryniak and the 2010 Amendments outside the summary judgment context, inquiring into whether Hryniaks call for a culture shift and the 2010 Amendments enshrinement of the principle of proportionality have had noticeable effects. It does this by analyzing three aspects of Canadian procedural law that were not amended in 2010 but were amended (or enacted) shortly thereafter and can facilitate or hinder access to justice depending on how they are used: 1) jurisdiction motions; 2) dismissals without an oral hearing, potentially sua sponte; and 3) interlocutory appeals. This more quantitative analysis of case law was complemented by results of qualitative surveys of lawyers about their experiences with Hryniak and the 2010 Amendments. With regard to the three procedural rules analyzed, the dissertation makes suggestions for their re-interpretation to minimize unnecessary interlocutory wrangling. At a broader level, the dissertation concludes that there have been positive effects of Hryniak and the 2010 Amendments, but they have been limited, and tend to have been greatest in areas where tailored amendments in procedural law have occurred rather than in response to broader statements that a culture shift is required in the conduct of litigation. In any event, more work is required outside the realm of civil procedure reform to effectively improve access to civil justice in Canada

Drug Wars in Black and White

The debate over the racial complexion of the war against drugs often devolves into a clash of fundamental assumptions that are difficult to either validate or refute. Ultimately, however, the criminal justice system is destined to find crime only where it looks for crime

The special management problems of the construction industry

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston Universit