Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase ROF2 modulates intracellular pH homeostasis in Arabidopsis

[EN] Intracellular pH must be kept close to neutrality to be compatible with cellular functions, but the mechanisms of pH homeostasis and the responses to intracellular acidification are mostly unknown. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that intracellular acid stress generated by weak organic acids at normal external pH induces expression of several chaperone genes, including ROF2, which encodes a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase of the FK506-binding protein class. Loss of function of ROF2, and especially double mutation of ROF2 and the closely related gene ROF1, results in acid sensitivity. Over-expression of ROF2 confers tolerance to intracellular acidification by increasing proton extrusion from cells. The activation of the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase) is indirect: over-expression of ROF2 activates K+ uptake, causing depolarization of the plasma membrane, which activates the electrogenic H+ pump. The depolarization of ROF2 over-expressing plants explains their tolerance to toxic cations such as lithium, norspermidine and hygromycin B, whose uptake is driven by the membrane potential. As ROF2 induction and intracellular acidification are common consequences of many stresses, this mechanism of pH homeostasis may be of general importance for stress tolerance.This work was supported by grants BFU2008-00604 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Madrid, Spain) and PROMETEO/2010/ 038 of the 'Conselleria de Educacion' (Valencia, Spain). We thank Dr Eugenio Grau (Sequencing Service, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Valencia, Spain) for sequencing of the various genes, and Dr Vicente Fornes (Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica, Valencia, Spain) for assistance with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. None of the authors has a conflict of interest to declare.Bissoli, G.; Niñoles Rodenes, R.; Fresquet Corrales, S.; Palombieri, S.; Bueso Ródenas, E.; Rubio, L.; Garcia-Sanchez, MJ.... (2012). Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase ROF2 modulates intracellular pH homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Plant Journal. 70(4):704-716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.04921.xS70471670

Involvement of the exomer complex in the polarized transport of Ena1 required for Saccharomyces cerevisiae survival against toxic cations

[EN] Exomer is an adaptor complex required for the direct transport of a selected number of cargoes from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae However, exomer mutants are highly sensitive to increased concentrations of alkali metal cations, a situation that remains unexplained by the lack of transport of any known cargoes. Here we identify several HAL genes that act as multicopy suppressors of this sensitivity and are connected to the reduced function of the sodium ATPase Ena1. Furthermore, we find that Ena1 is dependent on exomer function. Even though Ena1 can reach the plasma membrane independently of exomer, polarized delivery of Ena1 to the bud requires functional exomer. Moreover, exomer is required for full induction of Ena1 expression after cationic stress by facilitating the plasma membrane recruitment of the molecular machinery involved in Rim101 processing and activation of the RIM101 pathway in response to stress. Both the defective localization and the reduced levels of Ena1 contribute to the sensitivity of exomer mutants to alkali metal cations. Our work thus expands the spectrum of exomer-dependent proteins and provides a link to a more general role of exomer in TGN organization.We acknowledge Emma Keck for English language revision. We also thank members of the Translucent group, J. Arino, J. Ramos, and L. Yenush, for many useful discussions throughout this work and especially L. Yenush for her generous gift of strains and reagents. The help of O. Vincent was essential for developing the work involving RIM101. We also thank R. Valle for her technical assistance at the CR Laboratory. M. Trautwein is acknowledged for data acquisition and discussions during the early stages of the project. C.A. is supported by a USAL predoctoral fellowship. Work at the Spang laboratory was supported by the University of Basel and the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A-141207 and 310030B-163480). C.R. was supported by grant SA073U14 from the Regional Government of Castilla y Leon and by grant BFU2013-48582-C2-1-P from the CICYT/FEDER Spanish program. J.M.M. acknowledges the financial support from Universitat Politecnica de Valencia project PAID-06-10-1496.Anton, C.; Zanolari, B.; Arcones, I.; Wang, C.; Mulet, JM.; Spang, A.; Roncero, C. (2017). Involvement of the exomer complex in the polarized transport of Ena1 required for Saccharomyces cerevisiae survival against toxic cations. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 28(25):3672-3685. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E17-09-0549S367236852825Ariño, J., Ramos, J., & Sychrová, H. (2010). Alkali Metal Cation Transport and Homeostasis in Yeasts. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 74(1), 95-120. doi:10.1128/mmbr.00042-09Bard, F., & Malhotra, V. (2006). The Formation of TGN-to-Plasma-Membrane Transport Carriers. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 22(1), 439-455. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.133126Barfield, R. M., Fromme, J. C., & Schekman, R. (2009). The Exomer Coat Complex Transports Fus1p to the Plasma Membrane via a Novel Plasma Membrane Sorting Signal in Yeast. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 20(23), 4985-4996. doi:10.1091/mbc.e09-04-0324Bonifacino, J. S. (2014). Adaptor proteins involved in polarized sorting. Journal of Cell Biology, 204(1), 7-17. doi:10.1083/jcb.201310021Bonifacino, J. S., & Glick, B. S. (2004). The Mechanisms of Vesicle Budding and Fusion. Cell, 116(2), 153-166. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)01079-1Bonifacino, J. S., & Lippincott-Schwartz, J. (2003). Coat proteins: shaping membrane transport. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 4(5), 409-414. doi:10.1038/nrm1099Carlson, M., & Botstein, D. (1982). Two differentially regulated mRNAs with different 5′ ends encode secreted and intracellular forms of yeast invertase. Cell, 28(1), 145-154. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90384-1Costanzo, M., Baryshnikova, A., Bellay, J., Kim, Y., Spear, E. D., Sevier, C. S., … Mostafavi, S. (2010). The Genetic Landscape of a Cell. Science, 327(5964), 425-431. doi:10.1126/science.1180823De Matteis, M. A., & Luini, A. (2008). Exiting the Golgi complex. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 9(4), 273-284. doi:10.1038/nrm2378De Nadal, E., Clotet, J., Posas, F., Serrano, R., Gomez, N., & Arino, J. (1998). The yeast halotolerance determinant Hal3p is an inhibitory subunit of the Ppz1p Ser/Thr protein phosphatase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95(13), 7357-7362. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7357Drubin, D. G., & Nelson, W. J. (1996). Origins of Cell Polarity. Cell, 84(3), 335-344. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81278-7Fell, G. L., Munson, A. M., Croston, M. A., & Rosenwald, A. G. (2011). Identification of Yeast Genes Involved in K+Homeostasis: Loss of Membrane Traffic Genes Affects K+Uptake. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 1(1), 43-56. doi:10.1534/g3.111.000166Ferrando, A., Kron, S. J., Rios, G., Fink, G. R., & Serrano, R. (1995). Regulation of cation transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the salt tolerance gene HAL3. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 15(10), 5470-5481. doi:10.1128/mcb.15.10.5470Forsmark, A., Rossi, G., Wadskog, I., Brennwald, P., Warringer, J., & Adler, L. (2011). Quantitative Proteomics of Yeast Post-Golgi Vesicles Reveals a Discriminating Role for Sro7p in Protein Secretion. Traffic, 12(6), 740-753. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01186.xGaber, R. F., Styles, C. A., & Fink, G. R. (1988). TRK1 encodes a plasma membrane protein required for high-affinity potassium transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 8(7), 2848-2859. doi:10.1128/mcb.8.7.2848Galindo, A., Calcagno-Pizarelli, A. M., Arst, H. N., & Penalva, M. A. (2012). An ordered pathway for the assembly of fungal ESCRT-containing ambient pH signalling complexes at the plasma membrane. Journal of Cell Science, 125(7), 1784-1795. doi:10.1242/jcs.098897Goldstein, A. L., & McCusker, J. H. (1999). Three new dominant drug resistance cassettes for gene disruption inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast, 15(14), 1541-1553. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199910)15:143.0.co;2-kHayashi, M., Fukuzawa, T., Sorimachi, H., & Maeda, T. (2005). Constitutive Activation of the pH-Responsive Rim101 Pathway in Yeast Mutants Defective in Late Steps of the MVB/ESCRT Pathway. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 25(21), 9478-9490. doi:10.1128/mcb.25.21.9478-9490.2005Herrador, A., Herranz, S., Lara, D., & Vincent, O. (2009). Recruitment of the ESCRT Machinery to a Putative Seven-Transmembrane-Domain Receptor Is Mediated by an Arrestin-Related Protein. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 30(4), 897-907. doi:10.1128/mcb.00132-09Herrador, A., Livas, D., Soletto, L., Becuwe, M., Léon, S., & Vincent, O. (2015). Casein kinase 1 controls the activation threshold of an α-arrestin by multisite phosphorylation of the interdomain hinge. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 26(11), 2128-2138. doi:10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1552Herranz, S., Rodriguez, J. M., Bussink, H.-J., Sanchez-Ferrero, J. C., Arst, H. N., Penalva, M. A., & Vincent, O. (2005). Arrestin-related proteins mediate pH signaling in fungi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(34), 12141-12146. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504776102Hoya, M., Yanguas, F., Moro, S., Prescianotto-Baschong, C., Doncel, C., de León, N., … Valdivieso, M.-H. (2016). Traffic Through theTrans-Golgi Network and the Endosomal System Requires Collaboration Between Exomer and Clathrin Adaptors in Fission Yeast. Genetics, 205(2), 673-690. doi:10.1534/genetics.116.193458Huranova, M., Muruganandam, G., Weiss, M., & Spang, A. (2016). Dynamic assembly of the exomer secretory vesicle cargo adaptor subunits. EMBO reports, 17(2), 202-219. doi:10.15252/embr.201540795Kung, L. F., Pagant, S., Futai, E., D’Arcangelo, J. G., Buchanan, R., Dittmar, J. C., … Miller, E. A. (2011). Sec24p and Sec16p cooperate to regulate the GTP cycle of the COPII coat. The EMBO Journal, 31(4), 1014-1027. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.444Lamb, T. M., & Mitchell, A. P. (2003). The Transcription Factor Rim101p Governs Ion Tolerance and Cell Differentiation by Direct Repression of the Regulatory Genes NRG1 and SMP1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 23(2), 677-686. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.2.677-686.2003Lamb, T. M., Xu, W., Diamond, A., & Mitchell, A. P. (2000). Alkaline Response Genes ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand Their Relationship to theRIM101Pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(3), 1850-1856. doi:10.1074/jbc.m008381200Madrid, R., Gómez, M. J., Ramos, J., & Rodrı́guez-Navarro, A. (1998). Ectopic Potassium Uptake intrk1 trk2Mutants ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCorrelates with a Highly Hyperpolarized Membrane Potential. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273(24), 14838-14844. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.24.14838Maresova, L., & Sychrova, H. (2004). Physiological characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae kha1 deletion mutants. Molecular Microbiology, 55(2), 588-600. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04410.xMarqués, M. C., Zamarbide-Forés, S., Pedelini, L., Llopis-Torregrosa, V., & Yenush, L. (2015). A functional Rim101 complex is required for proper accumulation of the Ena1 Na+-ATPase protein in response to salt stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Research, 15(4). doi:10.1093/femsyr/fov017Mulet, J. M., Leube, M. P., Kron, S. J., Rios, G., Fink, G. R., & Serrano, R. (1999). A Novel Mechanism of Ion Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance in Yeast: the Hal4 and Hal5 Protein Kinases Modulate the Trk1-Trk2 Potassium Transporter. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 19(5), 3328-3337. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.5.3328Mulet, J. M., & Serrano, R. (2002). Simultaneous determination of potassium and rubidium content in yeast. Yeast, 19(15), 1295-1298. doi:10.1002/yea.909Murguía, J. R., Bellés, J. M., & Serrano, R. (1996). The YeastHAL2Nucleotidase Is anin VivoTarget of Salt Toxicity. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271(46), 29029-29033. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.46.29029Obara, K., & Kihara, A. (2014). Signaling Events of the Rim101 Pathway Occur at the Plasma Membrane in a Ubiquitination-Dependent Manner. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 34(18), 3525-3534. doi:10.1128/mcb.00408-14Paczkowski, J. E., & Fromme, J. C. (2014). Structural Basis for Membrane Binding and Remodeling by the Exomer Secretory Vesicle Cargo Adaptor. Developmental Cell, 30(5), 610-624. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.014Paczkowski, J. E., Richardson, B. C., & Fromme, J. C. (2015). Cargo adaptors: structures illuminate mechanisms regulating vesicle biogenesis. Trends in Cell Biology, 25(7), 408-416. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2015.02.005Paczkowski, J. E., Richardson, B. C., Strassner, A. M., & Fromme, J. C. (2012). The exomer cargo adaptor structure reveals a novel GTPase-binding domain. The EMBO Journal, 31(21), 4191-4203. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.268Parsons, A. B., Brost, R. L., Ding, H., Li, Z., Zhang, C., Sheikh, B., … Boone, C. (2003). Integration of chemical-genetic and genetic interaction data links bioactive compounds to cellular target pathways. Nature Biotechnology, 22(1), 62-69. doi:10.1038/nbt919Peñalva, M. A., Lucena-Agell, D., & Arst, H. N. (2014). Liaison alcaline: Pals entice non-endosomal ESCRTs to the plasma membrane for pH signaling. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 22, 49-59. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.005Ríos, G., Cabedo, M., Rull, B., Yenush, L., Serrano, R., & Mulet, J. M. (2013). Role of the yeast multidrug transporter Qdr2 in cation homeostasis and the oxidative stress response. FEMS Yeast Research, 13(1), 97-106. doi:10.1111/1567-1364.12013RIOS, G., FERRANDO, A., & SERRANO, R. (1997). Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance Conferred by Overexpression of theHAL1 Gene inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast, 13(6), 515-528. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199705)13:63.0.co;2-xRitz, A. M., Trautwein, M., Grassinger, F., & Spang, A. (2014). The Prion-like Domain in the Exomer-Dependent Cargo Pin2 Serves as a trans-Golgi Retention Motif. Cell Reports, 7(1), 249-260. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.026Rockenbauch, U., Ritz, A. M., Sacristan, C., Roncero, C., & Spang, A. (2012). The complex interactions of Chs5p, the ChAPs, and the cargo Chs3p. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 23(22), 4402-4415. doi:10.1091/mbc.e11-12-1015Roncero, C. (2002). The genetic complexity of chitin synthesis in fungi. Current Genetics, 41(6), 367-378. doi:10.1007/s00294-002-0318-7Rothfels, K., Tanny, J. C., Molnar, E., Friesen, H., Commisso, C., & Segall, J. (2005). Components of the ESCRT Pathway, DFG16, and YGR122w Are Required for Rim101 To Act as a Corepressor with Nrg1 at the Negative Regulatory Element of the DIT1 Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 25(15), 6772-6788. doi:10.1128/mcb.25.15.6772-6788.2005Santos, B., & Snyder, M. (1997). Targeting of Chitin Synthase 3 to Polarized Growth Sites in Yeast Requires Chs5p and Myo2p. Journal of Cell Biology, 136(1), 95-110. doi:10.1083/jcb.136.1.95Sato, M., Dhut, S., & Toda, T. (2005). New drug-resistant cassettes for gene disruption and epitope tagging inSchizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast, 22(7), 583-591. doi:10.1002/yea.1233Schekman, R., & Orci, L. (1996). Coat Proteins and Vesicle Budding. Science, 271(5255), 1526-1533. doi:10.1126/science.271.5255.1526Sopko, R., Huang, D., Preston, N., Chua, G., Papp, B., Kafadar, K., … Andrews, B. (2006). Mapping Pathways and Phenotypes by Systematic Gene Overexpression. Molecular Cell, 21(3), 319-330. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.12.011Spang, A. (2008). Membrane traffic in the secretory pathway. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 65(18), 2781-2789. doi:10.1007/s00018-008-8349-yStarr, T. L., Pagant, S., Wang, C.-W., & Schekman, R. (2012). Sorting Signals That Mediate Traffic of Chitin Synthase III between the TGN/Endosomes and to the Plasma Membrane in Yeast. PLoS ONE, 7(10), e46386. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046386Trautwein, M., Schindler, C., Gauss, R., Dengjel, J., Hartmann, E., & Spang, A. (2006). Arf1p, Chs5p and the ChAPs are required for export of specialized cargo from the Golgi. The EMBO Journal, 25(5), 943-954. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601007Trilla, J. A., Durán, A., & Roncero, C. (1999). Chs7p, a New Protein Involved in the Control of Protein Export from the Endoplasmic Reticulum that Is Specifically Engaged in the Regulation of Chitin Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Cell Biology, 145(6), 1153-1163. doi:10.1083/jcb.145.6.1153Valdivia, R. H., Baggott, D., Chuang, J. S., & Schekman, R. W. (2002). The Yeast Clathrin Adaptor Protein Complex 1 Is Required for the Efficient Retention of a Subset of Late Golgi Membrane Proteins. Developmental Cell, 2(3), 283-294. doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00127-2Wadskog, I., Forsmark, A., Rossi, G., Konopka, C., Öyen, M., Goksör, M., … Adler, L. (2006). The Yeast Tumor Suppressor Homologue Sro7p Is Required for Targeting of the Sodium Pumping ATPase to the Cell Surface. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 17(12), 4988-5003. doi:10.1091/mbc.e05-08-0798Wang, C.-W., Hamamoto, S., Orci, L., & Schekman, R. (2006). Exomer: a coat complex for transport of select membrane proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane in yeast. Journal of Cell Biology, 174(7), 973-983. doi:10.1083/jcb.200605106Weiskoff, A. M., & Fromme, J. C. (2014). Distinct N-terminal regions of the exomer secretory vesicle cargo Chs3 regulate its trafficking itinerary. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2. doi:10.3389/fcell.2014.00047Yahara, N., Ueda, T., Sato, K., & Nakano, A. (2001). Multiple Roles of Arf1 GTPase in the Yeast Exocytic and Endocytic Pathways. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 12(1), 221-238. doi:10.1091/mbc.12.1.221Yenush, L., Merchan, S., Holmes, J., & Serrano, R. (2005). pH-Responsive, Posttranslational Regulation of the Trk1 Potassium Transporter by the Type 1-Related Ppz1 Phosphatase. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 25(19), 8683-8692. doi:10.1128/mcb.25.19.8683-8692.2005Yenush, L. (2002). The Ppz protein phosphatases are key regulators of K+ and pH homeostasis: implications for salt tolerance, cell wall integrity and cell cycle progression. The EMBO Journal, 21(5), 920-929. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.5.920Zanolari, B., Rockenbauch, U., Trautwein, M., Clay, L., Barral, Y., & Spang, A. (2011). Transport to the plasma membrane is regulated differently early and late in the cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Cell Science, 124(7), 1055-1066. doi:10.1242/jcs.07237

Ecologia o biotecnología, com serà la agricultura del futur?

II curs de La ciència pren la paraula: Els problemes socials de les pseudociències (2014

Medicina i el que no ho és (I)

IV Curs La ciència pren la paraula: Els problemes socials de les pseudociències (2016

Pors alimentàries

II curs de La ciència pren la paraula: Els problemes socials de les pseudociències (2014

Alimentació, additius, agricultura ecològica i transgénics (taula rodona)

II curs de La ciència pren la paraula: Els problemes socials de les pseudociències (2014

Plastidial Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Leads to Altered Root Development and Affects the Sugar and Amino Acid Balance in Arabidopsis1[W]

Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that, in plants, occurs in both the cytosol and the plastids. The glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate with concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Both cytosolic (GAPCs) and plastidial (GAPCps) GAPDH activities have been described. However, the in vivo functions of the plastidial isoforms remain unresolved. In this work, we have identified two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplast/plastid-localized GAPDH isoforms (GAPCp1 and GAPCp2). gapcp double mutants display a drastic phenotype of arrested root development, dwarfism, and sterility. In spite of their low gene expression level as compared with other GAPDHs, GAPCp down-regulation leads to altered gene expression and to drastic changes in the sugar and amino acid balance of the plant. We demonstrate that GAPCps are important for the synthesis of serine in roots. Serine supplementation to the growth medium rescues root developmental arrest and restores normal levels of carbohydrates and sugar biosynthetic activities in gapcp double mutants. We provide evidence that the phosphorylated pathway of Ser biosynthesis plays an important role in supplying serine to roots. Overall, these studies provide insights into the in vivo functions of the GAPCps in plants. Our results emphasize the importance of the plastidial glycolytic pathway, and specifically of GAPCps, in plant primary metabolism