The Effect of Reciprocating and Rotary Systems on Postoperative Endodontic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the instrumentation kinematics on endodontic postoperative pain. Methods and Materials: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cochrane Library and the System for Information on Gray Literature in Europe were searched electronically without time or language limitations up to June 2020. Subsequently, data extraction, quality assessment and meta-analysis were conducted. The meta-analysis was performed using random-effects inverse-variance methods, and heterogeneity was tested using the I2 index (P<0.05). Results: A total of 318 articles were successfully identified in the search. Sixteen studies were used in qualitative synthesis and fourteen used for quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that patients treated with reciprocating system had lower risk of pain 48 h after endodontic treatment (Risk ratio [RR]=1.04, 95% Confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.06, P=0.003) (I2=0%), but the mean postoperative pain for the reciprocating system was greater  24 h post endodontic treatment (Standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.25, 95% CI=0.06 to 0.44, P=0.01) (I2=43%). Other time points presented similar rates of postoperative pain (P>0.05). The certainty of evidence ranges from very low to high. Conclusions: The rate of postoperative endodontic pain was low, and reciprocating systems evoked more pain within the 24 h interval. Overall, the incidence and level of postoperative pain did not vary between reciprocating and rotary systems. There is no consensus if there is a relationship between the kinematics (rotary and reciprocating) and the incidence of postoperative pain

Os desafios do serviço social frente ao pensamento pós-moderno: crítica à ilusória concepção burguesa de realidade / Challenges of social work in the face of postmodern thought: criticism of the illusory bourgeois conception of reality

O presente artigo tem por finalidade contribuir para a discussão contemporânea do Serviço Social, problematizando aspectos postos a partir de 1970, quando se inicia a crise estrutural do capitalismo. O intuito é compreender o movimento contraditório de enfrentamento entre os pilares construídos por essa categoria profissional e a ofensiva ideológica burguesa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em torno da desmistificação da realidade, baseada no pensamento crítico, a fim de compreender as inflexões do pensamento pós-moderno para o Serviço Social. 

The Didactic Contract from the Perspective of the Theory of Didactical Situations: An Integrative Review

The phenomena related to the mathematical teaching and learning process have a significant and direct influence on the construction of knowledge and studying these issues is of interest to the theory developed by Guy Brousseau, called Theory of Didactical Situations. When dealing with the relations established between student, knowledge and teacher, Brousseau presents those that are specific, explicitly and implicitly, of the relationship between teacher and students, as well as their influences on the teaching and learning process, defining, for this, the Didactic Contract, which consists of the set of behaviors that the teacher expects from the student and the student from the teacher. With this, the following question arose for this work: What is the relevance of the Didactic Contract when designing teaching sequences with input in the Theory of Didactical Situations? The objective was, then, to carry out an integrative review in order to systematize information present in scientific articles about the Didactic Contract in the perspective of the Theory of Didactical Situations. A search for works was carried out in the databases Scielo, Google Scholar and Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC through the descriptors "Didactic Contract" and "Theory of Didactical Situations", with the following exclusion criteria: works not related to the theme and book, theses, dissertations and monographs. That is, only papers of the scientific article type were chosen. A total of one hundred and seventy-seven works were obtained as an initial result, of which thirteen were repeated. After reading the abstracts and adopting the exclusion criteria, sixteen articles remained, of which nine responded to the elaborated question. With the research, it was found, in the period consulted, a limitation of publications that deal specifically with the Didactic Contract and, in spite of that, it was concluded that the Didactic Contract is a very important element in a teaching and learning situation, because it can favor or cause an obstacle in the acquisition of new knowledge by the student

Seleção de cultivares de alface para produção na mesorregião do Alto Solimões-AM

O estabelecimento do potencial hortícola no cultivo de alface em regiões como a Amazônia tem sido dificultado em função da presença de fatores climáticos adversos. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar morfológica e produtivamente cultivares de alface na Mesorregião do Alto Solimões-AM. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema orgânico de produção sob ambiente protegido coberto com filme plástico. As plantas foram produzidas em bandeja de isopor, até apresentar quatro folhas definitivas e, após, em vasos de polietileno de 15 L. Todos os recipientes foram preenchidos com esterco proveniente de cama de frango curtida. As seguintes cultivares foram avaliadas: Americana Grandes Lagos 659, Crespa Cinderela, Boston Branca, Hanson Crespa Repolhuda, Quatro Estações e Romana Branca de Paris. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: hábito de crescimento das plantas, forma das folhas, formato da lâmina ou borda foliar, formato do ápice foliar, forma da base foliar, presença de antocianina, massa fresca e seca total das folhas. Para as últimas duas características se realizou procedimento estatístico através do teste de agrupamento de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que morfologicamente houve diferença entre as cultivares para as características: hábito de crescimento, formato da borda foliar e presença de antocianina. Quanto à massa fresca total, destaque pode ser feito à Quatro Estações. Para a característica massa seca total, a Americana Grandes Lagos 659 foi a que se destacou em relação às demais

Treatment outcomes of pulp revascularization in traumatized immature teeth using calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel as intracanal medication

Objective: Pulp revascularization is an effective treatment for immature necrotic teeth. Calcium hydroxide has been used in pulp revascularization as an intracanal medication due to its antimicrobial action and the non-exhibition of crown discoloration and cytotoxicity for stem cells from the apical papilla. Our study aimed to investigate the clinical success and quantitative radiographic changes of root development in immature traumatized teeth using calcium hydroxide plus 2% chlorhexidine gel as intracanal medication. Methodology: In this retrospective study, 16 patients were treated with a standardized pulp revascularization protocol. Calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel were manipulated in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio and inserted into root canals with Lentulo spirals (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillaigues, Switzerland). Patients were followed up for a period from 9 to 36 months for the evaluation of clinical and radiological data. Radiographic measurements of root length, root width, apical diameter, and MTA placement from the apex were quantified using software ImageJ. Wilcoxon test and t-test were used, according to nonparametric or parametric data, respectively, for changes over time in root length, root width, and apical diameter. Results: Fifteen teeth survived during the follow-up period (93.75%) and met the criteria for clinical success. Although the changes seem to be very small in many cases, significant increases in the average root length (14.28%, p<0.0001), root width (8.12%, p=0.0196), and decrease in apical diameter (48.37%, p=0.0007) were observed. MTA placement from the apex and age at the time of treatment was not significantly associated with the quantitative radiographic outcomes. Conclusions: Pulp revascularization in traumatized immature teeth treated with calcium hydroxide plus 2% chlorhexidine gel as intracanal medication had high success and survival rates, showing periodontal healing and resolution of signs and symptoms. However, concerning the continued root development, the outcomes can still be considered unpredictable

Warifteine therapeutic treatment reduced leukocyte recruitment and anxiety-like response in ovalbumin-induced allergic pulmonary inflammation / Tratamento terapêutico com warifteína reduz recrutamento de leucócitos e resposta semelhante á ansiedade na inflamação pulmonar alérgica induzida por ovalbumina

Pulmonary inflammation plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, which is characterized by lower airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, tissue remodeling, recruitment of inflammatory cells, with a predominance of eosinophils, in addition to behavioral disorders such as anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the alkaloid warifteine, from the medicinal plant Cissampelos sympodialis, on anxiety-like behavior, respiratory frequency and leukocyte recruitment in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation. Swiss female mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) throughout the experimental protocol. The animals were treated orally with warifteine (2 mg / kg), subcutaneously with dexamethasone (2 mg / kg) or intraperitoneally with diazepam (1 mg / kg), 1 h after the OVA-challenges. On the last day of the antigenic challenge, the mice were tested for behavior using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and for respiratory rate using full body plethysmography. The following day, the mice were euthanized to collect the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and leukocyte count. The data obtained showed that OVA-sensitization induced a behavior similar to anxiety in mice since the EPM test showed that the OVA group increased the number of entries and the time spent in the closed arms (CA) of the apparatus and reduced these parameters in the open arms (OA) compared to the Salina group. Warifteine treatment reversed both parameters analyzed, increasing the time spent (p <0.0001) and number of entries (p <0.01) in OA, decreasing the time spent (p <0.01) and number of entries (p <0.0001) in the CA, similarly to dexamethasone and diazepam standard drugs. Warifteine also reduced the respiratory rate (p <0.01) compared to the OVA group. The behavioral and breathing changes of the tested animals showed a relationship with the increase in the total and differential inflammatory leukocyte number in the OVA group compared to the Saline group. Therapeutic treatment with warifteine decreased the inflammatory process, reducing the number of total cells (p <0.0001) dependent of eosinophils and neutrophils numbers (p <0.001), as well as the percentage of eosinophils (p <0.0001). These data show that therapeutic treatment with warifteine is able to inhibit anxiety-like behavior and respiratory rate, due to a mechanism related to the inhibition of eosinophilic migration in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation.Pulmonary inflammation plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, which is characterized by lower airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, tissue remodeling, recruitment of inflammatory cells, with a predominance of eosinophils, in addition to behavioral disorders such as anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the alkaloid warifteine, from the medicinal plant Cissampelos sympodialis, on anxiety-like behavior, respiratory frequency and leukocyte recruitment in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation. Swiss female mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) throughout the experimental protocol. The animals were treated orally with warifteine (2 mg / kg), subcutaneously with dexamethasone (2 mg / kg) or intraperitoneally with diazepam (1 mg / kg), 1 h after the OVA-challenges. On the last day of the antigenic challenge, the mice were tested for behavior using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and for respiratory rate using full body plethysmography. The following day, the mice were euthanized to collect the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and leukocyte count. The data obtained showed that OVA-sensitization induced a behavior similar to anxiety in mice since the EPM test showed that the OVA group increased the number of entries and the time spent in the closed arms (CA) of the apparatus and reduced these parameters in the open arms (OA) compared to the Salina group. Warifteine treatment reversed both parameters analyzed, increasing the time spent (p <0.0001) and number of entries (p <0.01) in OA, decreasing the time spent (p <0.01) and number of entries (p <0.0001) in the CA, similarly to dexamethasone and diazepam standard drugs. Warifteine also reduced the respiratory rate (p <0.01) compared to the OVA group. The behavioral and breathing changes of the tested animals showed a relationship with the increase in the total and differential inflammatory leukocyte number in the OVA group compared to the Saline group. Therapeutic treatment with warifteine decreased the inflammatory process, reducing the number of total cells (p <0.0001) dependent of eosinophils and neutrophils numbers (p <0.001), as well as the percentage of eosinophils (p <0.0001). These data show that therapeutic treatment with warifteine is able to inhibit anxiety-like behavior and respiratory rate, due to a mechanism related to the inhibition of eosinophilic migration in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation

Biomarcadores bioquímicos e hematológicos no diagnóstico e prognóstico da Sepse

Sepse é uma condição sistêmica que gera resposta inflamatória exacerbada nos pacientes, e mesmo com os avanços na saúde, ela ainda é uma das principais causas de internação e mortalidade em UTIs. O presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade dos principais marcadores dentro do manuseio clinico, identificar alterações dos biomarcadores ligados à sepse e correlacionar os marcadores bioquímicos e hematológicos durante o curso clinico da sepse auxiliando no diagnóstico e prognóstico. Para compor este estudo foi utilizado como base metodológica pesquisas bibliográficas, descritivas e qualitativas dos últimos 5 anos, utilizando os descritores "biomarkers", “sepsis” e “diagnosis” nas bases de dados do PubMed e LLILACS. A Proteína C Reativa (PCR) e Procalcitonina (PCT) vem sendo amplamente utilizada, assim como a razão neutrófilo/ linfócito e contagem de RDW, MDW e plaquetas. Foi observado marcadores com papeis importantes nas fases da doença, como a PCR encontra-se na fase aguda e a PCT que está relacionada com a eficácia dos antibióticos. Relação neutrófilo/linfócito com o MDW geram reações pró inflamatórias e o RDW sugeriu um mau prognóstico

Avaliação da qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de méis de abelhas obtidos no comércio de Sousa, Paraíba

O controle de qualidade é uma etapa importante para que o produto seja comercializado com as suas propriedades naturais preservadas, que possua características que facilitem sua utilização e que tenha uma adequada conservação e apresentação. Objetivou-se com o estudo determinar as características físico-químicas e a qualidade microbiológica de amostras de méis oriundas de diferentes pontos de comércio na cidade de Sousa, Paraíba. O experimento foi realizado com 6 amostras de méis. Nas análises microbiológicas foi determinada a presença de: Clostridium sulfito redutor a 46°C, Coliformes a 35°C (NMP/g), Coliformes a 45°C (NMP/g), E. coli/25g, Estaf. Coagulase Positiva (UFC/g), Salmonella spp/25g, Bolores e Leveduras/g. Nas análises físico-químicas foram determinados: Sólidos solúveis °Brix a 20°C, pH, Acidez total (g/100g), Acidez total em ácido cítrico (g/100/g), Sólidos totais (g/100g), Minerais fixos (cinzas) (g/100g), Umidade (g/100g), e Aw (Atividade de água). As análises microbiológicas dos méis foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análises de Alimentos e as análises físico-químicas foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análises Físico-químicas do IFPB Campus Sousa. Não houve presença de Clostridium sulfito, E. coli, UFC, Salmonella spp, Bolores e Leveduras nas amostras coletadas. Todas as amostras coletadas apresentaram valores de coliformes a 35 e a 45°C, porém de acordo com o Regulamento Técnico sobre Padrões Microbiológicos para Alimentos podem ser consumidos. Todas as amostras encontraram-se dentro do padrão estabelecido pela legislação vigente no quesito Acidez total

Efeito da percentagem de finos na ativação alcalina de adobes / Effect of fines percentage on alkaline activation of adobes

A construção com terra tem grande potencial pelos menores custos, energia incorporada e impactos ambientais gerados. Porém, o adobe, técnica construtiva que utiliza terra, apresenta elevada suscetibilidade à ação da água. A ativação alcalina é um método de estabilização que pretende melhorar esta característica. A presente pesquisa trata-se da análise da influência da quantidade de ligante alcalino ativado e de diferentes percentagens de finos na resistência mecânica e à ação da água dos adobes. A pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar a influência do teor de ligante alcalino (1%, 2% e 3%) no desempenho dos blocos; verificar a influência da quantidade de finos (10%, 20% e 30%) no desempenho da ativação alcalina; e verificar o efeito das variáveis anteriores na resistência à ação da água e à compressão nos adobes ativados alcalinamente. No estudo foram utilizados os seguintes materiais: solo, caulim, metacaulim (MK), resíduo cerâmico (RC), silicato de sódio, hidróxido de sódio, água destilada e água. Primeiramente o solo foi caracterizado. Logo após passou-se a produção dos ligantes utilizando o método de Polisialatosiloxo de sódio. O ligante foi misturado manualmente ao solo, acrescido de diferentes quantidades de caulim, e logo após foram moldados corpos de prova cúbicos com 5 cm de aresta, que passaram 7 e 28 dias de cura em estufa a 65º C. Posteriormente foram realizados os ensaios de resistência à água e à compressão. A resistência à ação da água diminuiu com o aumento da quantidade de finos. Inverso do que ocorreu com o aumento da quantidade de ligante, que fez aumentar a durabilidade. No que diz respeito à resistência à compressão os resultados mostram-se similares ao da resistência à água. A resistência mecânica dos blocos tende a diminuir com o aumento do tempo em estufa, sendo os de 7 dias mais resistentes que os de 28