Prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in adolescents and young adults from Vale do Paraíba

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis, as well as of incidental attachment loss, in a population of adolescents and young adults aging between 15 and 25 years (19.4 ± 3.44) from Vale do Paraíba - SP, who searched for general dental care at the Department of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, São Paulo. Six hundred patients, 244 male and 356 female subjects, were included in the studied sample. The periodontal status of this population was evaluated by measuring the depth of periodontal pockets, as well as attachment loss. The data were confirmed by means of radiographic examination. Measurements were performed in six sites per tooth. Ten subjects (1.66%) were diagnosed as having localized aggressive periodontitis, 2 males (aging 18.5 ± 2.12 years) and 8 females (aging 19.2 ± 3.91 years); 22 (3.66%) presented with generalized aggressive periodontitis, 6 males (aging 19.1 ± 3.06 years) and 16 females (aging 20.1 ± 2.71 years); and 86 individuals (14.3%) presented with incipient periodontitis, 29 males (aging 20.2 ± 2.87 years) and 57 females (aging 21.1 ± 2.79 years). There was a positive correlation between the female gender and the occurrence of periodontal disease.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de periodontite agressiva localizada, periodontite agressiva generalizada e periodontite incipiente em uma população de 15 a 25 anos de idade (19,4 ± 3,44) da região do Vale do Paraíba - SP que procuraram tratamento odontológico clínico geral no Departamento de Odontologia da Universidade de Taubaté, SP. Seiscentos pacientes, 244 do sexo masculino e 356 do sexo feminino, foram incluídos neste estudo. A condição periodontal da população estudada foi determinada em 6 sítios por dente por meio da avaliação das medidas de profundidade à sondagem e nível clínico de inserção, e confirmada por meio de exame radiográfico. Dez indivíduos (1,66%) apresentaram periodontite agressiva localizada, 2 do sexo masculino (18,5 ± 2,12) e 8 do sexo feminino (19,2 ± 3,91), 22 (3,66%) receberam diagnóstico de periodontite agressiva generalizada, sendo 6 do sexo masculino (19,1 ± 3,06) e 16 do sexo feminino (20,1 ± 2,71) e 86 (14,3%) foram diagnosticados com periodontite incipiente, 29 do sexo masculino (20,2 ± 2,87) e 57 do sexo feminino (21,1 ± 2,79). Houve correlação positiva entre sexo feminino e doença periodontal.Universidade de Taubaté Faculdade de OdontologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos CamposUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Detecção de cepas de Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans de máxima e mínima leucotoxicidade em pacientes com doença periodontal

This study examined the prevalence of highly and minimally leukotoxic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with periodontal disease. Pooled subgingival plaque samples from 136 patients with some form of periodontal disease were examined. Subjects were between 14 and 76 years of age. Clinical examinations included periodontal pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI) and bleeding index (BI). The obtained plaque samples were examined for the presence of highly or minimally leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chi-square and logistic regression were performed to evaluate the results. Forty-seven subjects were diagnosed with gingivitis, 70 with chronic periodontitis and 19 with aggressive periodontitis. According to chi-square there was no significant correlation detected between PD (chi2 = 0.73), PI (chi2 = 0.35), BI (chi2 = 0.09) and the presence of the highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans. The highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains were correlated with subjects that were 28 years of age and younger (chi2 = 7.41). There was a significant correlation between highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans and aggressive periodontitis (chi2 = 22.06). This study of a Brazilian cohort confirms the strong association between highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains and the presence of aggressive periodontitis.O presente estudo avaliou a prevalência de Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans de máxima e mínima leucotoxicidade em indivíduos com doença periodontal. Foram analisadas amostras de placa bacteriana subgengival de 136 indivíduos, entre 14 e 76 anos de idade, com algum tipo de doença periodontal. Os parâmetros clínicos avaliados incluíram profundidade de sondagem (PS), índice de placa bacteriana (IPB) e índice de sangramento gengival (ISG). A presença de amostras de A. actinomycetemcomitans de máxima e mínima leucotoxicidade foi avaliada por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os resultados foram analisados empregando-se teste qui-quadrado e análise de regressão logística. Quarenta e sete indivíduos apresentaram gengivite, 70 indivíduos periodontite crônica e 19 indivíduos periodontite agressiva. O teste qui-quadrado não demonstrou correlação significativa entre PS (chi2 = 0,73), IPB (chi2 = 0,35), ISG (chi2 = 0,09) e a presença de amostras de máxima leucotoxicidade. A. actinomycetemcomitans de máxima leucotoxicidade apresentou associação com indivíduos com idade inferior a 28 anos (chi2 = 22,06). Os resultados observados nessa população brasileira confirmam a forte associação existente entre amostras de A. actinomycetemcomitans de máxima leucotoxicidade e periodontite agressiva

Periodontal condition and recurrence of periodontitis associated with alcohol consumption in periodontal maintenance therapy

This study followed individuals in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) over 6 years and longitudinally evaluated the effects of the frequency of alcohol consumption on the recurrence of periodontitis (RP). From a 6-year follow-up cohort study with 268 individuals under PMT, 142 patients who attended at least one PMT visit within 12 months were determined to be eligible. Based on their alcohol consumption, participants were categorized into 3 groups: none or occasional alcohol use (NA; n=88), moderate alcohol use (MA; n=26) and intense alcohol use (IA; n=24). Complete periodontal examination and alcohol consumption were evaluated at 2 times, T1 (after active periodontal therapy) and T2 (6 years). The frequencies of RP in the NA, MA and IA groups were 46.5%, 57.6%, and 79.1%, respectively. The following variables were significantly associated with RP in final multivariate logistic regression model: age >50 years old (OR = 1.79; 95%CI 1.42-2.91; p=0.002), current smoking (OR = 2.42; 95%CI 1.33-4.31; p=0.001), and intensive alcohol use (OR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.37-2.64; p=0.024). Interaction between intensive alcohol use and smoking showed a high OR estimate of 3.15 (95%CI 1.29-6.32) for RP. IA individuals undergoing PMT presented worse periodontal condition, higher rates of RP and tooth loss when compared to NA individuals. Additionally, the interaction between intensive alcohol use and smoking significantly increased the risk for RP

Prevalência de periodontite agressiva em adolescentes e adultos jovens do Vale do Paraíba

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis, as well as of incidental attachment loss, in a population of adolescents and young adults aging between 15 and 25 years (19.4 ± 3.44) from Vale do Paraíba - SP, who searched for general dental care at the Department of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, São Paulo. Six hundred patients, 244 male and 356 female subjects, were included in the studied sample. The periodontal status of this population was evaluated by measuring the depth of periodontal pockets, as well as attachment loss. The data were confirmed by means of radiographic examination. Measurements were performed in six sites per tooth. Ten subjects (1.66%) were diagnosed as having localized aggressive periodontitis, 2 males (aging 18.5 ± 2.12 years) and 8 females (aging 19.2 ± 3.91 years); 22 (3.66%) presented with generalized aggressive periodontitis, 6 males (aging 19.1 ± 3.06 years) and 16 females (aging 20.1 ± 2.71 years); and 86 individuals (14.3%) presented with incipient periodontitis, 29 males (aging 20.2 ± 2.87 years) and 57 females (aging 21.1 ± 2.79 years). There was a positive correlation between the female gender and the occurrence of periodontal disease.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de periodontite agressiva localizada, periodontite agressiva generalizada e periodontite incipiente em uma população de 15 a 25 anos de idade (19,4 ± 3,44) da região do Vale do Paraíba - SP que procuraram tratamento odontológico clínico geral no Departamento de Odontologia da Universidade de Taubaté, SP. Seiscentos pacientes, 244 do sexo masculino e 356 do sexo feminino, foram incluídos neste estudo. A condição periodontal da população estudada foi determinada em 6 sítios por dente por meio da avaliação das medidas de profundidade à sondagem e nível clínico de inserção, e confirmada por meio de exame radiográfico. Dez indivíduos (1,66%) apresentaram periodontite agressiva localizada, 2 do sexo masculino (18,5 ± 2,12) e 8 do sexo feminino (19,2 ± 3,91), 22 (3,66%) receberam diagnóstico de periodontite agressiva generalizada, sendo 6 do sexo masculino (19,1 ± 3,06) e 16 do sexo feminino (20,1 ± 2,71) e 86 (14,3%) foram diagnosticados com periodontite incipiente, 29 do sexo masculino (20,2 ± 2,87) e 57 do sexo feminino (21,1 ± 2,79). Houve correlação positiva entre sexo feminino e doença periodontal

Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes among women with previous gestational diabetes: epidemiological and immunological aspects in a follow-up of three years

Periodontitis can contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Therefore, periodontitis, when associated with gestational diabetes, could increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. Objective The aim of this study was to verify the incidence on the development of type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes with and without periodontitis after a three-year time interval. Material and Methods Initial sample of this follow-up study consisted of 90 women diagnosed with gestational diabetes who underwent periodontal examination. After three years, 49 women were subjected to new periodontal examination and biological, behavioral, and social data of interest were collected. Additionally, the quantification of the C-reactive protein in blood samples was performed. Fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were requested. Saliva samples were collected for quantification of interleukin 6 and 10, tumor necrosis factor α, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9. Results The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 18.4% and of periodontitis was 10.2%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among women with and without periodontitis. It was observed impact of C-reactive protein in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it was not observed impact of periodontitis on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus among women with previous gestational diabetes. Conclusions It was not observed impact of periodontitis on the development of type 2 diabetes among women with previous gestational diabetes. The impact of C-reactive protein in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus highlights the importance of an inflammatory process in the diabetes pathogenesis

Clinical and microbiological evaluation of non-surgical periodontal therapy in obese and non-obese individuals with periodontitis: a 9-month prospective longitudinal study

Objective: Obesity is a chronic disease that negatively affects an individual’s general and oral health. The present study aimed to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy with the full mouth disinfection (FMD) protocol on obese and non-obese individuals at 9 months post-therapy. Methodology: This clinical study was first submitted and approved by the Ethics Committee. Fifty-five obese patients and 39 non-obese patients with periodontitis were evaluated. The full-mouth periodontal clinical parameters, clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were monitored at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months after periodontal treatment with full mouth disinfection (FMD) protocol. The mean count of Tannerella forsythia , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Treponema Denticola , and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on subgingival biofilm samples. Demographic data were assessed by Chi-square test. For clinical and microbiological parameters, two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used. Results: In both groups, periodontal therapy using the one-stage full-mouth disinfection protocol significantly improved CAL, PD, GI, and PI (p<0.05). Obese and non-obese patients equally responded to non-surgical periodontal therapy (p>0.05). Microbial count found no major differences (p>0.05) between obese and non-obese individuals who had undergone non-surgical periodontal therapy. Conclusions: Obesity did not affect the clinical and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy

Periodontal diseases: is it possible to prevent them? A populational and individual approach

Periodontal diseases are infectious inflammatory chronic diseases of a multifactorial nature. They are primarily caused by dysbiotic ecological changes in dental biofilm, which may be influenced by risk factors. The prevention of periodontal diseases may involve different strategies focused on reducing distal, intermediate, and proximal risk factors at both the population and individual levels. Effective prevention depends on interdisciplinary and common risk factor approaches. Also, patient-centered preventive models are more effective than professional-centered models in the management of periodontal diseases. Regular and periodic control of dental biofilm is an essential measure for the different levels of prevention of periodontal diseases. The effectiveness of periodontal disease prevention largely depends on positive modifications of behavior, knowledge, health literacy, patient empowerment, motivation, and compliance.publishedVersio

Frequency of periodontal pathogens and Helicobacter pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals submitted to bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study

Objectives This cross-sectional study compared the frequency of oral periodontopathogens and H. pylori in the mouths and stomachs of obese individuals with or without periodontitis submitted to bariatric surgery. Material and Methods One hundred and fifty-four men and women aged 18-65 were conveniently distributed into four groups. Two groups were composed of individuals who underwent bariatric surgery with (BP) (n=40) and without (BNP) (n=39) periodontitis and two obese control groups with (CP) (n=35) and without (CNP) (n=40) periodontitis. The oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Parvimonas micra, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, and Helicobacter pylori were detected by a polymerase chain reaction technique using saliva, tongue and stomach biopsy samples. Results Statistical analysis demonstrated that periodontopathogens were highly frequent in the mouth (up to 91.4%). In the bariatric surgically treated group, orally, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia were more frequent in periodontitis, while C. rectus was more frequent in non-periodontitis subjects. Stomach biopsies also revealed the high frequency of five oral species in both candidates for bariatric surgery (91.6%) and the bariatric (83.3%) groups. H. pylori was frequently detected in the mouth (50.0%) and stomach (83.3%). In the stomach, oral species and H. pylori appeared in lower frequency in the bariatric group. Conclusions Obese individuals showed high frequencies of periodontopathogens and H. pylori in their mouths and stomachs. Bariatric surgery showed an inverse microbial effect on oral and stomach environments by revealing higher oral and lower stomach bacterial frequencies