Evaluation of spatial and functional roughness parameters on air-abraded zirconia as a function of particle type and deposition pressure

Purpose: This study evaluated the spatial and functional roughness parameters on air-abraded zirconia as a function of particle type and deposition pressure. Materials and Methods: Polished zirconia blocks (Cercon, Degussa/Dentsply) (N=30) with dimensions of 5 × 4 × 4 mm3 were air abraded according to 2 factors: a) particle type – 30-μm silica-coated alumina (CoJet) or alumina particles (45 μm); b) deposition pressure (1.5, 2.5 and 4.5 bar). Roughness parameters (Sdr, Vi, Sci and Svi) were measured in an optical profilometer (Wyko NT 1100) at the center of the air-abraded area (301.3 × 229.2 μm). Two measurements were made for each parameter from each surface. The means of each group were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s adjustment test and Student’s t-test (alpha = 0.05). Results: Both the particle type (p 0.05) in these parameters for either particle type. Conclusion: Considering roughness parameters for micromechanical retention and parameters for adsorption mechanisms of adhesion, zirconia surfaces presented better morphological features when air abraded with silica-coated alumina than alumina particles at pressures higher than 1.5 bar. Particle deposition at 2.5 bar may be preferable to 4.5 bar pressure for avoiding possible deposition-related damage on zirconia, as there were no significant differences for the functional parameters

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Filmes de SiOx crescidos em substrato de zircônia tetragonal policristalina estabilizada por ítria: influência na durabilidade da adesão a cimentos resinosos

Este estudo comparou o efeito de filmes à base de Si depositados pela técnica reactive magnetron sputtering com o uso do jateamento de partículas de alumina e a aplicação de primer na adesão de cimentos resinoso a superfície de zircônia. Blocos de zirconia (N=300) (4,5×4,5)mm foram sinterizados e regularizados com lixas de SiC (1200), sonicamente limpos com água destilada por 10 min e randomicamente divididos em 30 grupos (n=10) de acordo com 3 parâmetros: 1- cimento resinoso (Panavia/Kuraray; Multilink/Ivoclar; RelyX U100/3M); 2- tratamento de superfície (sem tratamentocontrole, Metal/Zirconia Primer, jateamento com partículas + Metal/Zirconia Primer, Filme A + Monobond S; Filme B + Monobond S); 3- termociclagem (TC). Parâmetros de rugosidade da superfície (Ra, Rz, Sdr) foram avaliados por Microscopia de Interferência e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Cilindros de cimento resinoso foram construídos (Ø: 2,4 mm; altura: 2 mm) sobre a superfície de zirconia. O ensaio de resistência adesiva ao cisalhamento foi realizado no momento inicial (24 h) e após a termociclagem (5o- 55oC, 6.000 ciclos) utilizando máquina de ensaio universal (1 mm/min). As superfícies fraturadas foram analisadas por microscopia ótica (30×) e MEV (100× e 2000×) para categorizar o modo de falha. Adicionais blocos de zirconia (15×15)mm confeccionados para análises por Espectroscopia por Retroespalhamento de Rutheford (RBS), e Trabalho de Adesão (WA) após os tratamentos de superfície. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados por Anova 3-fatores e 11 teste Tukey (5%). Fotomicrografias revelaram microdefeitos nos filmes. Os resultados de Wa mostraram que os filmes melhoraram a molhabilidade da superfície. As análises por RBS mostraram que a concentração elementar dos filmes...This study compared the effect of si-based nanofilm deposition using reactive magnetron sputtering to application of air-abrasion (alumina particles) and zirconia primers on the adhesion of resin cements to zirconia. Zirconia (Nblocks=300) (4.5 mm × 3.5 mm × 4.5 mm) were sintered, ground finished to 1200 SiC paper and cleaned ultrasonically in distilled water for 10 min. The blocks were randomly divided into 30 groups (n=10) according to 3 testing parameters: 1- Resin Cements (Panavia/Kuraray; Multilink/Ivoclar; RelyX U100/3M); 2- Surface conditioning (no conditioning-control, Metal/Zirconia Primer, air-abrasion + Metal/Zirconia Primer, Sibased film A + Monobond S; Si-based film B + Monobond S); 3- Aging (with and without). Surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Sdr) before and after surface conditioning were evaluated using interference microscopy (IM). Rutheford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Work of Adhesion (WA) analyses were performed after surface treatments. Resin cements were incrementally built up (Ø: 2.4 mm; height: 4 mm) on the zirconia surfaces. Bonded specimens were then thermocycled (5o-55oC, 6,000 cycles). Shear bond strength (SBS) was performed using the Universal Testing Machine (1 mm/min). After fracture, the surfaces were analyzed using an optical microscopy (30 ×), SEM (100 × and 2000 ×) to categorize the failure modes. The data were statistically evaluated using 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). Scanning Electron Microscopy showed micro defects on Si-based nanofilms surface. The result to Wa showed that surface coated with Si-based nanofilms improved wetability when compared to the other surface treatments. RBS analysis showed that was produced films with different chemical elemental concentration. While air-abraded... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Evaluation of spatial and functional roughness parameters on air-abraded zirconia as a function of particle type and deposition pressure

PURPOSE This study evaluated the spatial and functional roughness parameters on air-abraded zirconia as a function of particle type and deposition pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polished zirconia blocks (Cercon, Degussa/Dentsply) (N=30) with dimensions of 5 × 4 × 4 mm3 were air abraded according to 2 factors: a) particle type - 30-μm silica-coated alumina (CoJet) or alumina particles (45 μm); b) deposition pressure (1.5, 2.5 and 4.5 bar). Roughness parameters (Sdr, Vi, Sci and Svi) were measured in an optical profilometer (Wyko NT 1100) at the center of the air-abraded area (301.3 × 229.2 μm). Two measurements were made for each parameter from each surface. The means of each group were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's adjustment test and Student's t-test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS Both the particle type (p 0.05) in these parameters for either particle type. CONCLUSION Considering roughness parameters for micromechanical retention and parameters for adsorption mechanisms of adhesion, zirconia surfaces presented better morphological features when air abraded with silica-coated alumina than alumina particles at pressures higher than 1.5 bar. Particle deposition at 2.5 bar may be preferable to 4.5 bar pressure for avoiding possible deposition-related damage on zirconia, as there were no significant differences for the functional parameters

Degree of conversion and adhesion of methacrylate-based resin cements with phosphonic or phosphoric acid acrylate to glass fiber posts at different regions of intraradicular dentin

This study evaluated the degree of conversion (DC) and adhesion of methacrylate-based resin cements to glass fiber posts at different regions of intraradicular dentin. Single-rooted teeth (N = 24, n = 12 per group) were cut at the cement-enamel junction (CEJ), endodontically treated and post space (depth = 8 mm) was prepared. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups according to the resin cements: (a) Group ML: methacrylate-based cement with phosphonic acid acrylate (Multilink Automix, Ivoclar Vivadent); (b) Group RXU: methacrylate-based cement with phosphoric acid acrylate (RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, 3 M ESPE). Fiber-reinforced composite root posts (RelyX Fiber Post, 3 M ESPE) were cemented according to the manufacturers instructions of the resin cements. Root slices of 2-mm thickness (n = 3 per tooth) were cut below the CEJ 1, 3, and 5 mm apically. The DC of each section was analyzed with micro-Raman spectrometer and push-out test was performed in the Universal Testing Machine (0.5 mm/min). After debonding, all specimens were analyzed using optical microscope to categorize the failure modes. While data (MPa) were statistically evaluated using Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U tests for DC data 3-way ANOVA and Tukeys tests were used (α = 0.05). Regardless of the resin cement type, the mean push-out bond strength results (MPa), were significantly higher for the coronal slices (ML: 9.1 ± 2.7; RXU: 7.3 ± 4.1) than those of the most apical ones (ML: 7 ± 4.9; RXU: 2.89 ± 1.5) (p = 0.002). Resin cement type and (p < 0.001) root level (p = 0.002) significantly affected the DC values, while the interaction terms were not significant (p = 0.606). Overall, DC was significantly higher for ML (67 ± 8.2%) than RXU (26 ± 8.8%) (p < 0.001). Adhesive failures at the cement-dentin interface were more commonly experienced in RXU than in ML, whereas ML presented more incidences of adhesive failures at the cement-post interface. Considering the push-out bond strength, DC and failure types, methacrylate-based cement with phosphonic acid acrylate should be preferred to those containing phosphoric acid to adhere glass fiber posts in the root cana