The diversity of residential electricity demand – a comparative analysis of metered and simulated data

A comparative study between simulated residential electricity demand data and metered data from theUK Household Electricity Survey is presented. For this study, a high-resolution probabilistic model wasused to test whether this increasingly widely used modelling approach provides an adequate represen-tation of the statistical characteristics the most comprehensive dataset of metered electricity demandavailable in the UK. Both the empirical and simulated electricity consumption data have been analysedon an aggregated level, paying special attention to the mean daily load profiles, the distribution of house-holds with respect to the total annual demands, and the distributions of the annual demands of particularappliances. A thorough comparison making use of both qualitative and quantitative methods was madebetween simulated datasets and it’s metered counterparts. Significant discrepancies were found in thedistribution of households with respect to both overall electricity consumption and consumption ofindividual appliances. Parametric estimates of the distributions of metered data were obtained, and theanalytic expressions for both the density function and cumulative distribution are given. These can beincorporated into new and existent modelling frameworks, as well as used as tools for further analysis

Residential activity pattern modelling through stochastic chains of variable memory length

Residential activity modelling has attracted considerable attention over the last years. This is particularly due tothe fact that residential energy demand loads are highly dependent on the activity patterns of the household.Therefore, activity models are being increasingly used to underpin high-resolution energy demand models. Thispaper details the implementation of a new methodology for the analysis of empirical activity data that allows forthe identification of characteristic behavioural patterns within them. The identified patterns are then used as thebasis for the construction of a high-resolution residential user activity model. The model attempts to capture thestatistical characteristics of the empirical data in the form of a stochastic process with memory of variable length.The proposed model is compared to a model based on the predominant first-order Markov chain approach. Inaddition to the modelling approach, a new metric for assessing the quality of activity sequences simulations isproposed. Given the amount of empirical data contained in any of the individual time-use datasets currentlyavailable, it would appear that the performance improvement over the predominant first-order Markov chainapproach is modest. However, the validation results show that the proposed approach has the potential forbroadening our understanding of the scheduling of activities in people’s day-to-day lives and how this relates tothe observed variability in both activity and energy consumption patterns

Impact of Time-Use Behaviour on Residential Energy Consumption in the United Kingdom

In order to have the best possible chance of achieving ‘decent work’ and ‘climate action’ as laid forth in the UN Sustainable Development Goals, government and policy makers must pay close attention to current time-use patterns, as well as the way these might change in the near future. Here we contribute to the existing literature on time-use behaviour through a systematic exploration of the relationship between working patterns and energy consumption from the perspective of time-use. Our starting point is the premise that different work arrangements impact the timing of energy demand not only in workplaces, but also at home. Using the data from the 2014–2015 UK time-use survey, we were able to capture patterns of time-use behaviours and to assess their relationship with daily energy consumption. We propose a systematic time-use-based approach for estimating residential energy consumption with regards to activity timing, activity location, activity coordination, and appliance type. We use this method to discover patterns in residential activities and energy consumption, as well as the causal relationship between residential energy consumption and work patterns. In this study, we unpack the heterogeneity in the work–energy relationship, particularly when comparing full-time and part-time workers. Our results suggest that full-time employees have a higher potential to reduce their energy use compared to part-time employees. We also discover a non-linear change in total energy consumption for respondents with varying levels of work time. Energy consumption reductions associated with differences in work schedules are greatest during the first few hours of the workday, but then level off. Our findings suggests that time-use data can provide useful insights for evaluating and possibly designing energy and labour-market policies

Optimization of demand response-oriented electrolytic and fuel cell cogeneration system for community residents: uncovering flexibility and gaps

Low carbon energy systems are dependent on renewable power sources, which present challenges in controllability compared to conventional sources. This poses difficulties in maintaining grid balance. To address these challenges, demand response mechanisms and low-carbon technologies are being implemented, particularly in the residential sector, which is a significant consumer of electricity and heat. In this respect, on-site hydrogen production by alkaline electrolytic cell (AEC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell - combined heat and power (PEMFC-CHP) systems are of particular interest for their potential to improve grid flexibility. For uncovering the flexibility and techno-economic gaps of the hydrogen based system, this study compares the performance of an AEC-PEMFC-CHP system with a market-competitive heat pump (HP) system for a residential community scenario. Results from a two-step capacity-operation optimization using advanced methods demonstrate that the AEC-PEMFC-CHP system offers greater flexibility but at the expense of higher power consumption and lower efficiency. In detail, the cost of the AEC-PEMFC-CHP system is 2.3 times higher than that of the typical HP system, implying that it would require a 0.6 times higher efficiency and a 1/10th lower equipment cost to compete. Furthermore, load prediction plays a critical role in optimizing both systems, with a longer prediction horizon of 16–20 h proving effective even with larger prediction errors

Development and Validation of a Method to Quantify Midazolam in a New Oral Formulation for Pediatric Use

International audienc

Visiones en educación sin barreras ni fronteras: Un homenaje al Maestro Lorenzo García Aretio

In this paper, the authors will talk about the development of technological platforms and tools that will support the creation and implementation of techno-pedagogical paradigms to tech the XXI Century generations. By proving how the innovative model of the open and distance learning universities (UNAD, for its Spanish acronym) is not run out and can be renewed, taking as an example the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzing the carriers that provide change to a new education, where the need of innovation in higher education in open and distance modalities is an urgent matter. Undoubtedly, learning is one of the human capacities that has most influenced their development and evolution. Thus, the e-education concept is presented as an effort to develop talents and human capacities using the Internet and new information and communication technologies (ICT). This will allow introducing a generalized remote mode, which will create a different culture adjusting the school curriculum to an online strategy, and not a rigid one, that involves technological improvements, so general and specialized knowledge are combined to the needs of scientific, technological, and social development. Teachers work with students differently and provide help through more knowledge and experience. Recent studies are showing that there are more open and online options for teacher professional development and teachers access the Internet to expand their development opportunities through social media platforms. In this sense, the non-attendance process of education has improved its relevance globally. Although, the COVID-19 pandemic caused an accelerator effect on the digital transformation of the educational institutions.   En Visiones en educación sin barreras ni fronteras participaron para su elaboración más de 35 importantes y reconocidos académicos como autores provenientes de toda Iberoamérica, solo por mencionar algunas personalidades que se unieron a este libro homenaje nombraré algunos maestros como Claudio Rama, Julio Cabero, Marta Mena, Santiago Acosta, Francisco Cervantes, Magdalena Cruz, Josep Duart y Antonio Moreira y otros excelsos intelectuales iberoamericanos. Cada análisis que ellos referencian se basa en los diversos tópicos y siempre rigurosos estudios que sobre este apasionante mundo de la innovación educativa ha realizado el Dr. García Aretio y que aparecen reseñados en sus diversos libros y en particular en la insigne revista RIED que hoy él y su equipo han posicionado en lo más alto de los más reconocidos rankings de la élite académica e investigativa mundial.No texto os autores nos falarão do desenvolvimento de plataformas e ferramentas tecnológicas que apoiarão a criação e implantação de paradigmas tecnopedagógicos para educar as gerações do Século XXI, demonstrando como o modelo inovador das universidades abertas e à distância (UNAD) não está esgotado e pode ser renovado, mostrando como exemplo o que aconteceu durante a pandemia de covid-19, analisado os vetores que estão propiciando a mudança para uma nova educação, onde a necessidade de inovação no ensino superior em modalidades abertas e à distância numa questão urgente. A aprendizagem é sem dúvida uma das capacidades humanas que mais influiu no seu desenvolvimento e evolução; por isso, apresentam-nos, a concepção da cibereducação, como um esforço orientado para o desenvolvimento dos talentos e capacidades humanas, com a utilização da Internet e das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TIC). Isto permitiria implantar uma modalidade à distância generalizada, o que criaria uma cultura diferente, adequando o currículo escolar a uma estratégia digital, e nada rígida, que integre os avanços tecnológicos de uma forma que combina conhecimentos gerais e especializados com as necessidades do desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico e social. Os docentes trabalham com os estudantes de forma diferente e prestam-lhes ajuda com mais conhecimentos e experiência. Os estudos mais recentes mostram que há cada vez mais opções abertas, e on-line, para o desenvolvimento profissional docente, os professores acessam a Internet para ampliar suas oportunidades de desenvolvimento através de plataformas sociais. Neste sentido, as modalidades de ensino não presenciais têm-se tornado cada vez mais importantes a nível mundial. No entanto, foi na sequência da pandemia causada pela covid-19 que se produziu um efeito acelerador na transformação digital das instituições de ensino

TIV - Arquitectura y Funcionalidad - AR308 - 202101

Descripción: El curso TIV - Arquitectura y funcionalidad, familiariza al estudiante con los requerimientos de la función arquitectónica. Si bien en todos los talleres el requerimiento funcional debe estar presente, pues es inherente a la arquitectura, este taller se concentra en esta tarea, enfatizando el correcto funcionamiento de sus espacios. El estudiante afronta una edificación nueva de escala menor, en la que deban existir diversos accesos y circulaciones: Pública, semi-pública, privada y de servicio. Esta red de circulaciones debe quedar adecuadamente resuelta. Los ambientes principales a los que dan acceso estas circulaciones, están destinados a funciones debidamente definidas. Los requerimientos de ventilación e iluminación (asoleamiento) también deben haber sido analizados y resueltos. A partir de un programa presentado por los docentes, el estudiante aprende a analizar los sectores del proyecto y los configuran en paquetes funcionales. Además, determina las necesidades de ubicación que existe entre ellos y establece el carácter y la expresión que considera debe tener el proyecto en su aspecto exterior. En este taller se suelen hacer diseños de proyectos de vivienda de mediana densidad, mercados y proyectos de tipología de servicio comunal (centros culturales, estaciones de bomberos, mediatecas, pequeños museos y bibliotecas). Propósito: El TIV- arquitectura y funcionalidad ha sido diseñado con el propósito de permitir al futuro arquitecto desarrollar sus competencias de diseño funcional, a través de la aplicación de esquemas organizacionales, funcionales, sistemas ordenadores y la resolución de un proyecto arquitectónico. El curso contribuye a desarrollar la competencia general: Ciudadanía en el nivel A1, y la competencia específica: Diseño fundamentado (que corresponde a los criterios NAAB1: PC2, PC5, SC5) en el nivel A1. Este curso tiene como requisito previo haber aprobado el Taller AR307 TIII - Arquitectura y entorno

TIV - Arquitectura y Funcionalidad - AR308 - 202102

Descripción: El curso TIV - Arquitectura y funcionalidad, familiariza al estudiante con los requerimientos de la función arquitectónica. Si bien en todos los talleres el requerimiento funcional debe estar presente, pues es inherente a la arquitectura, este taller se concentra en esta tarea, enfatizando el correcto funcionamiento de sus espacios. El estudiante afronta una edificación nueva de escala menor, en la que deban existir diversos accesos y circulaciones: Pública, semi-pública, privada y de servicio. Esta red de circulaciones debe quedar adecuadamente resuelta. Los ambientes principales a los que dan acceso estas circulaciones, están destinados a funciones debidamente definidas. Los requerimientos de ventilación e iluminación (asoleamiento) también deben haber sido analizados y resueltos. A partir de un programa presentado por los docentes, el estudiante aprende a analizar los sectores del proyecto y los configuran en paquetes funcionales. Además, determina las necesidades de ubicación que existe entre ellos y establece el carácter y la expresión que considera debe tener el proyecto en su aspecto exterior. En este taller se suelen hacer diseños de proyectos de vivienda de mediana densidad, mercados y proyectos de tipología de servicio comunal (centros culturales, estaciones de bomberos, mediatecas, pequeños museos y bibliotecas). Propósito: El TIV- arquitectura y funcionalidad ha sido diseñado con el propósito de permitir al futuro arquitecto desarrollar sus competencias de diseño funcional, a través de la aplicación de esquemas organizacionales, funcionales, sistemas ordenadores y la resolución de un proyecto arquitectónico. El curso contribuye a desarrollar la competencia específica: Diseño fundamentado (que corresponde a los criterios NAAB1: PC2, PC5 y SC5) en el nivel A1. Este curso tiene como requisito previo haber aprobado el Taller AR307 TIII - Arquitectura y entorno