Iconografía del Puerto y el Castillo de Palos. Grabados, pinturas, mapas, planos y fotografías

págs. 333-392Capítulo incluido en el libro: Actas de las Jornadas de Historia sobre el Descubrimiento de América. Tomo III: Jornadas VII, VIII, IX y X, 2011, 2012, 2013 y 2014. Eduardo García Cruzado (Coordinación). Sevilla: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2015. ISBN: 978-84-7993-263-3. Enlace: http://hdl.handle.net/10334/363

Comparative study of the performance of a heat pump for heating with R410A and R32 as refrigerant, using the software IMST-ART

[EN] According to the European Commission, at this moment, heating and cooling in buildings account for half of the energy consumption, while only a 16% of the energy used in this issue is obtained employing renewable sources. One of the possible solutions to improve the current situation is the use of heat pumps for the air conditioning of buildings. However, the refrigerants used at this moment are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and they have a global warming potential (GWP) elevated so that new refrigerants which can substitute the current ones are being searched. The most used refrigerant for heating applications is the R410A, which is a mixture of HFCs. Its immediate retrofit is one of its components, the R32, due to the compatibility of both refrigerants with the materials and its similar performance. Furthermore, the R32 has a value of GWP approximately of a third of the R410 s value. The objective of this work is to evaluate the main differences between the results obtained with both refrigerants and to find out the main changes to be done to obtain at least the same performance. In this work, a model of IMST-ART of an air-water heat pump is presented using both refrigerants. In the model, both refrigerants are evaluated for different conditions of heating at low temperature. Lately, a summary of changes is proposed in order to cover the same functions, or more, than the original heat pump.Luis Sánchez-Moreno-Giner acknowledges the Research and Development Aid Program (PAID01-17) of the Universitat Politècnica de València for receiving the Research Fellowship FPIUPV-2017.Sánchez-Moreno-Giner, L.; López-Juárez, E.; Gonzálvez-Maciá, J. (2019). Comparative study of the performance of a heat pump for heating with R410A and R32 as refrigerant, using the software IMST-ART. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha José Antonio Almendros Ibáñez. 1135-1143. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/180704S1135114

Refrigerant charge prediction fluctuations in the scop campaign of a brine-water heat pump

The refrigerant amount reduction is a matter of increasing importance because of the rise in prices of current hydrofluorocarbons and the safety reasons of the leading natural alternatives. There is no space for the refrigerant deposit in vapour compression cycles with refrigerant charge optimised; consequently, it is essential to know which refrigerant charge will make the vapour compression cycle work with the best performance during a year. In this work, a simulation of the different tests of the seasonal COP campaign for a brine-water heat pump is performed using the software IMST-ART. With the results, it can be possible to understand the different behaviour of the heat pump during the year and guess the best criteria to establish the optimum refrigerant charge.The authors are grateful to the Programa de Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-01- 17) to partially finance this research. As well, this publication has been carried out in the framework of the project “DECARBONIZACIÓN DE EDIFICIOS E INDUSTRIAS CON SISTEMAS HÍBRIDOS DE BOMBA DE CALOR”, funded by the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) with code number PID2020- 115665RB-I00

Thermodynamic assessment of ultra-low-global warming potential refrigerants for space and water heaters

[EN] The current paper studies the most suitable ultra-low-global warming potential (GWP) (GWP < 30) candidates in the market, considering also its grade of flammability and toxicity, for heat pumps employed for different space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) applications. A pre-design thermodynamic model has been developed to evaluate the performance and size limits for any subcritical or transcritical heat pump under certain working conditions. This generic model is based on the pinch point approach, so it does not depend on a certain type of heat exchangers, it only depends on the external working conditions. The results showed that all subcritical ultra-low-GWP, nonflammable, and nontoxic refrigerants considered have either lower coefficient of performance (COP) or volumetric heating capacity (VHC) compared with the reference high-GWP refrigerants R-410A and R-134a. Additionally, the only refrigerants with higher COP, such as R-717 (ammonia) or R-290 (propane), are either extremely flammable or toxic. For the applications need of high water-side temperature lift, the transcritical refrigerants R-744 (CO2) and R-170 (ethane) showed the best performance, regarding both COP and VHC values, of all the refrigerants studied. The refrigerants R-161, R-1270 (propylene), and R-1234yf presented a balanced performance in both space heating and DHW applications. This makes them potential candidates to be employed in subcritical multi-temperature levels heat pumps.This work was partially supported by the Research and Development Aid Program (PAID-01-17) of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for receiving the Research Fellowship FPI-UPV-2017. The authors also would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades de Espana for the project "Maximizacion de la eficiencia y minimizacion del impacto ambiental de bombas de calor para la descarbonizacion de la calefaccion/acs en los edificios de consumo casi nulo" (ENE2017-83665-C2-1-P).Sánchez-Moreno-Giner, L.; López-Juárez, E.; Gonzálvez-Maciá, J.; Hassan, A. (2020). Thermodynamic assessment of ultra-low-global warming potential refrigerants for space and water heaters. Heat Transfer Research. 51(14):1317-1335. https://doi.org/10.1615/HeatTransRes.2020035317S13171335511

Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Refrigerant Charge Extraction Methods

According to the European Commission, heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) production implies 79% of the total energy consumed in households. Moreover, as 84% of this energy is still generated from fossil fuels, it is required taking measures in order to improve the current situation. One way to increase the decarbonization in households is the use of heat pumps powered by renewable energy sources. Additionally, the energy captured by heat pumps is considered renewable when a certain efficiency value is achieved (2009/28/CE directive). Nowadays, refrigerants used by heat pumps are mainly hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which have a high global warming potential (GWP) and have a clear deadline defined at F-Gas EU Regulation 517/2014. For this reason, natural refrigerants will play an important role within heating, cooling and DHW production at the household sector. However, most of the natural refrigerants with acceptable thermodynamic properties are at least slightly flammable or toxic, and its use has an associated risk due to this condition. That is the cause that the amount of refrigerant charge must comply with the maximum refrigerant charge limited by regulations, and the prediction of the nominal refrigerant charge amount inside a heat pump has become an important matter within the design process of a heat pump. There already exist prediction models of refrigerant charge but, under certain conditions, they do not fit the reality. The current prediction methods which use simulation models may be improved by knowing the actual distribution of the refrigerant inside the different components of a real heat pump. In order to empirically determine the refrigerant charge amount inside each part of the heat pump, several methods can be used, but the most employed one is the “remove and weight” technique. This technique consists in extracting the refrigerant charge of each element of the heat pump in a sample cylinder in order to weight it, after isolating each component from another. A similar but less precise approach of this method is employed when recovering refrigerant in maintenance or decommissioning tasks. In this contribution, a theoretical and experimental study of different charge extraction methods is presented. In the study, every method has been analyzed according to different factors: percentage of refrigerant extracted, security measures employed, the time needed until stability is reached and cost of the technique. The results of this study will help in the selection of best extraction method according to the precision of the results needed, the available resources and the training of the staff which in the end will be performing the experiments

Estrategias de promoción y acercamiento digital al Máster Universitario en Geotecnologías Cartográficas en Ingeniería y Arquitectura

Memoria ID-0105. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018

Tutorías online en tiempo real con escritorio compartido y control remoto de aplicaciones y repositorio audiovisual de clases magistrales

Memoria ID-0177. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Adaptar la web con "Mobile First" y mejora del posicionamiento SEO para el Máster en Geotecnologías Cartográficas en Ingeniería y Arquitectura

Memoria ID-037. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

Coordinación de competencias e intercambio de experiencias docentes en el marco del Master Geotecnologías Cartográficas en Ingeniería y Arquitectura

Memoria ID-0178. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015