"PERCEP" software for experiment control of temporal judgment research with humans

Um programa de computador, o "PERCEP", foi desenvolvido para a realização dos procedimentos experimentais de estimativa verbal, produção e reprodução temporal em seres humanos. Além da coleta de dados, o programa permite ao experimentador manipular diferentes parâmetros das tarefas e avaliar o impacto dessas manipulações sobre sua aquisição e desempenho. Uma vez que a configuração do programa "PERCEP" é definida pelo próprio experimentador, pode-se realizar uma ampla gama de experimentos acerca dos processos subjacentes ao julgamento temporal. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever este programa.A computer program - "PERCEP" - was developed for accomplishing the experimental procedures of verbal estimation, time production and reproduction in human beings. Besides the collection of data, the program allows the researcher to manipulate different parameters of tasks and to evaluate the impact of those manipulations on acquisition and performance. Once the configuration of the "PERCEP" program is defined by the researcher, a wide range of experiments concerning time judgment processing can take place. The aim of the present work is to describe this program

Role of the amygdala in the reinforcement omission effect

The reinforcement omission effect (ROE) has been attributed to both motivational and attentional consequences of surprising reinforcement omission. Recent evidence suggests that the basolateral complex of the amygdala is involved in motivational components related to reinforcement value, whereas the central nucleus of the amygdala is involved in the processing of the attentional consequences of surprise. This study was designed to verify whether the mechanisms involved in the ROE depend on the integrity of either the basolateral amygdala complex or central nucleus of the amygdala. The ROE was evaluated in rats with lesions of either the central nucleus or basolateral complex of the amygdala and trained on a fixed-interval schedule procedure (Experiment 1) and fixed-interval with limited hold signaled schedule procedure (Experiment 2). The results of Experiment 1 showed that sham-operated rats and rats with lesions of either the central nucleus or basolateral area displayed the ROE. In contrast, in Experiment 2, subjects with lesions of the central nucleus or basolateral complex of the amygdala exhibited a smaller ROE compared with sham-operated subjects. Thus, the effects of selective lesions of amygdala subregions on the ROE in rats depended on the training procedure. Furthermore, the absence of differences between the lesioned groups in either experiment did not allow the dissociation of attentional or motivational components of the ROE with functions of specific areas of the amygdala. Thus, results did not show a functional double-dissociation between the central nucleus and basolateral area in the ROE

Programa "DRL" para controle experimental de pesquisa em julgamento temporal

Um programa de computador, o "DRL", foi desenvolvido para controle e coleta de dados em experimentos envolvendo processos temporais associados à atenção e memória. Apresenta-se um breve relato do programa, como configurá-lo para diferentes tipos de experimentos e como acessar os resultados gravados em arquivos."DRL" is a software that was developed for controlling and collecting data for experiments involving temporal judgment related to attention and memory. This paper presents its applications, how to configure it for different experiments and how to access the recorded data

Avaliação de periódicos científicos brasileiros da área da psicologia

Este trabalho apresenta a segunda versão do processo de avaliação dos periódicos brasileiros da área da psicologia, conduzida pela Comissão Editorial Capes-Anpepp. As demandas para a realização deste empreendimento, que teve a sua versão inicial realizada em 1999, são as seguintes: (a) qualificar os veículos científicos nos quais publicam pesquisadores brasileiros vinculados aos programas de pós-graduação em psicologia; (b) criar mecanismos para viabilizar a manutenção dos periódicos com melhor avaliação; (c) estabelecer parâmetros para o incremento da qualidade dos periódicos da área. Foram avaliados 51 periódicos da área citados nos relatórios dos programas de pós-graduação do período 1999-2000, usando uma ficha de avaliação contendo cinco conjuntos de itens (Normalização, Publicação, Circulação, Autoria e Conteúdo e Gestão editorial), acompanhada de instruções enviadas para os editores dos periódicos. Posteriormente, as fichas foram conferidas pela Comissão, gerando uma classificação de duas entradas, de Âmbito (Nacional/Local) e Qualidade (A/B/C). Os principais resultados indicam que houve uma perceptível melhora na classificação das revistas brasileiras da área, nos seus diversos aspectos. Questões vinculadas à avaliação e desafios para as novas etapas são discutidas

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Effects of Touching Sculptures on the Artistic Appreciation of Collative Emotional/Perceptual Properties

La relación entre el estímulo físico y la percepción es esencial para comprender la apreciación estética. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar cómo las propiedades de las esculturas influyen en su apreciación artística. Trece participantes tocaron esculturas alteradas de la serie Bichos de Lygia Clark. Los participantes manifestaron sus percepciones para cada estímulo utilizando Escalas de Diferencial Semántico (de tipo Likert – 7 puntos): Complejidad, Irregularidad, Cantidad de piezas, Interés y Satisfacción. Se registró la duración de la manipulación. Los resultados apuntaron que las esculturas consideradas con más cantidad de piezas tenían un alto grado de Complejidad e Irregularidad. Las esculturas evaluadas con un alto grado de Complejidad e Irregularidad se consideraron más interesantes, aunque menos agradables. Los participantes tendían a pasar más tiempo explorando las esculturas más complejas. Los resultados indican que la cantidad de contenido informativo, representado por la cantidad de piezas presentes en la escultura, puede influir en la forma de percibirla y afectar su valor hedónico.A relação entre estímulo físico e percepção é fundamental para entender a apreciação estética. Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar como propriedades de esculturas influenciam suas apreciações artísticas. Treze participantes tocaram esculturas alteradas da série Bichos de Lygia Clark. Os participantes indicaram suas percepções para cada estímulo usando Escalas de Diferencial Semântico (tipo Likert - 7 pontos): Complexidade, Irregularidade, Quantidade de peças, Interesse e Agradabilidade. A duração da manipulação foi registrada. Os resultados mostraram que esculturas julgadas como tendo maior quantidade de peças foram julgadas como tendo alto nível de Complexidade e Irregularidade. Esculturas avaliadas como demonstrando um alto nível de Complexidade e Irregularidade foram consideradas mais interessantes, embora menos agradáveis. Os participantes tenderam a gastar mais tempo explorando as esculturas mais complexas. Os resultados indicam que a quantidade de conteúdo informacional, representado pela quantidade de peças presente na escultura, pode influenciar o modo como ela é percebida e afetar seu valor hedônico.The relationship between physical stimulus and perception is fundamental to understand aesthetic appreciation. This study aimed to examine how the properties of sculptures influence their artistic appreciation. Thirteen participants touched altered sculptures from the series Bichos de Lygia Clark. Participants indicated their perceptions for each stimulus using Semantic Differential Scales (7-point Likert scale): Complexity, Irregularity, Amount of pieces, Interest and Pleasingness. The duration of manipulation was recorded. The results showed that sculptures perceived as having more pieces were the ones judged to have a high level of Complexity and Irregularity. Sculptures evaluated as demonstrating a high level of Complexity and Irregularity were considered more interesting, although less pleasant. Participants tended to spend more time exploring the more complex sculptures. The results indicate that the amount of informational content, represented&nbsp;&nbsp;by the amount of pieces present in the sculpture, can influence the way it is perceived and affect its hedonic value

"PERCEP" software for experiment control of temporal judgment research with humans / Programa "PERCEP" para controle experimental de pesquisa em julgamento temporal em humanos

A computer program - "PERCEP" - was developed for accomplishing the experimental procedures of verbal estimation, time production and reproduction in human beings. Besides the collection of data, the program allows the researcher to manipulate different parameters of tasks and to evaluate the impact of those manipulations on acquisition and performance. Once the configuration of the "PERCEP" program is defined by the researcher, a wide range of experiments concerning time judgment processing can take place. The aim of the present work is to describe this program