Production of L-carnitine by secondary metabolism of bacteria

The increasing commercial demand for L-carnitine has led to a multiplication of efforts to improve its production with bacteria. The use of different cell environments, such as growing, resting, permeabilized, dried, osmotically stressed, freely suspended and immobilized cells, to maintain enzymes sufficiently active for L-carnitine production is discussed in the text. The different cell states of enterobacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Proteus sp., which can be used to produce L-carnitine from crotonobetaine or D-carnitine as substrate, are analyzed. Moreover, the combined application of both bioprocess and metabolic engineering has allowed a deeper understanding of the main factors controlling the production process, such as energy depletion and the alteration of the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio which are coupled to the end of the biotransformation. Furthermore, the profiles of key central metabolic activities such as the TCA cycle, the glyoxylate shunt and the acetate metabolism are seen to be closely interrelated and affect the biotransformation efficiency. Although genetically modified strains have been obtained, new strain improvement strategies are still needed, especially in Escherichia coli as a model organism for molecular biology studies. This review aims to summarize and update the state of the art in L-carnitine production using E. coli and Proteus sp, emphasizing the importance of proper reactor design and operation strategies, together with metabolic engineering aspects and the need for feed-back between wet and in silico work to optimize this biotransformation

Modelling the spatial and sectoral benefits of productivity enhancing innovations using a transport oriented multiregional IO framework: the ‘megatruck’ in Spain

We render operational the model outlined by Carter (1990) via the introduction of the research methods necessary for studying the spatial and sectoral (upstream and downstream) benefits of productivity-enhancing innovations within a real interregional input–output framework. As case study we examine the reduction in production costs derived from the adoption of longer and heavier vehicles in freight road transportation. We exploit a new Spanish regional table including a detailed disaggregation of the transportation sector. The productivity gains at the national level, resulting from a 30% reduction in transport costs, amount to 2.95% of the GVA at market prices. Results show that firms operating in this niche market appropriate most of the gross operation surplus (which increases by 10%), consistent with the existence of market power. The remaining transportation sectors see profits slightly worsened, suggesting limited substitution effects. A high regional heterogeneity exists because of the different input–output structuresThis work was supported by Ministerio de Fomento, Spain: [Grant Number P42-08

Thrombophilia screening: An artificial neural network approach

Thrombotic disorders have severe consequences for the patients and for the society in general, being one of the main causes of death. These facts reveal that it is extremely important to be preventive; being aware of how probable is to have that kind of syndrome. Indeed, this work will focus on the development of a decision support system that will cater for an individual risk evaluation with respect to the surge of thrombotic complaints. The Knowledge Representation and Reasoning procedures used will be based on an extension to the Logic Programming language, allowing the handling of incomplete and/or default data. The computational framework in place will be centered on Artificial Neural Networks.This work is funded by National Funds through the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within projects PEst-OE/EEI/UI0752/2014 and PEst-OE/QUI/UI0619/2012

Human Pose Detection for Robotic-Assisted and Rehabilitation Environments

Assistance and rehabilitation robotic platforms must have precise sensory systems for human–robot interaction. Therefore, human pose estimation is a current topic of research, especially for the safety of human–robot collaboration and the evaluation of human biomarkers. Within this field of research, the evaluation of the low-cost marker-less human pose estimators of OpenPose and Detectron 2 has received much attention for their diversity of applications, such as surveillance, sports, videogames, and assessment in human motor rehabilitation. This work aimed to evaluate and compare the angles in the elbow and shoulder joints estimated by OpenPose and Detectron 2 during four typical upper-limb rehabilitation exercises: elbow side flexion, elbow flexion, shoulder extension, and shoulder abduction. A setup of two Kinect 2 RGBD cameras was used to obtain the ground truth of the joint and skeleton estimations during the different exercises. Finally, we provided a numerical comparison (RMSE and MAE) among the angle measurements obtained with OpenPose, Detectron 2, and the ground truth. The results showed how OpenPose outperforms Detectron 2 in these types of applications.Óscar G. Hernández holds a grant from the Spanish Fundación Carolina, the University of Alicante, and the National Autonomous University of Honduras

Iguanodóntidos (REPTILIA, ORNITHOPODA) del yacimiento del Cretácico inferior de San Cristóbal (Gañve, Teruel)

El nuevo yacimiento de Dinosaurios de San Cristóbal (Galve, provincia de Teruel, España) considerado provisionalmente como de edad Barremiense-Aptiense, ha proporcionado diversos restos entre los que se consideran más significativos los siguientes: un fragmento de dentario atribuido a Iguanodon bernissartensis y diversas piezas (un fragmento de neurocráneo, un fragmento de dentario y un atlas) identificadas como Iguanodon cf. mantelli

Determination of model parameters of PV modules using a low cost I-V tracer

Tracing current-voltage characteristics of photovoltaic modules in open field conditions is a very important task in degradation and fault diagnosis. Usually this is done by using expensive DC electronic loads, many times not suitable for outdoor tests. The health state of photovoltaic modules can be evaluated by monitoring the parameters of its exponential model, mainly the series resistance. This can be done by tracing the current-voltage characteristics in field conditions from which those model parameters can be extracted. This paper presents the determination of the parameters of the exponential model of photovoltaic modules from experimental current-voltage curves using a low cost I-V tracer developed in previous works

Performance evaluation of SIPM Photosensors for PET imaging in the presence of magnetic fields

[Poster] 4th European Molecular Imaging Meeting, Barcelona, Spain, May 27 - 30, 2009This work has been supported in part by MEC (FPA2007-62216), CDTEAM (Programa CENIT, Ministerio de Industria), UCM (Grupos UCM; 910059), CPAN (Consolider-Ingenio 2010) CSPD-2007-00042, and the RECAVA-RETIC networkPublicad