1,326 research outputs found
Ethyl 2-[(carbamoylÂamino)Âimino]ÂpropanoÂate hemihydrate
The title compound, C6H11N3O3·0.5H2O, has two independent molÂecules and one molÂecule of water in the asymmetric unit. The crystal packing is stabilized by interÂmolecular NâHâŻN, OâHâŻO, NâHâŻO and CâHâŻO hydrogen bonds. These interÂactions form a two-dimensional array in the ab plane with a zigzag motif which has an angle close to 35° between the zigzag planes. The hydrogen bonding can be best described using the graph-set notation as N
1 = C(10)R
2
2(10)R
2
2(8) and N
2 = R
6
4(20)R
2
2(8)
An empirical evaluation of imputation accuracy for association statistics reveals increased type-I error rates in genome-wide associations
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genome wide association studies (GWAS) are becoming the approach of choice to identify genetic determinants of complex phenotypes and common diseases. The astonishing amount of generated data and the use of distinct genotyping platforms with variable genomic coverage are still analytical challenges. Imputation algorithms combine directly genotyped markers information with haplotypic structure for the population of interest for the inference of a badly genotyped or missing marker and are considered a near zero cost approach to allow the comparison and combination of data generated in different studies. Several reports stated that imputed markers have an overall acceptable accuracy but no published report has performed a pair wise comparison of imputed and empiric association statistics of a complete set of GWAS markers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this report we identified a total of 73 imputed markers that yielded a nominally statistically significant association at <it>P </it>< 10 <sup>-5 </sup>for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and compared them with results obtained based on empirical allelic frequencies. Interestingly, despite their overall high correlation, association statistics based on imputed frequencies were discordant in 35 of the 73 (47%) associated markers, considerably inflating the type I error rate of imputed markers. We comprehensively tested several quality thresholds, the haplotypic structure underlying imputed markers and the use of flanking markers as predictors of inaccurate association statistics derived from imputed markers.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that association statistics from imputed markers showing specific MAF (Minor Allele Frequencies) range, located in weak linkage disequilibrium blocks or strongly deviating from local patterns of association are prone to have inflated false positive association signals. The present study highlights the potential of imputation procedures and proposes simple procedures for selecting the best imputed markers for follow-up genotyping studies.</p
Ethyl 2-[(carbamothioylÂamino)Âimino]ÂpropanoÂate
The title compound, C6H11N3O2S, consists of a roughly planar molÂecule (r.m.s deviation from planarity = 0.077â
Ă
for the non-H atoms) and has the S atom in an anti position to the imine N atom. This N atom is the acceptor of a strongly bent interÂnal NâHâŻN hydrogen bond donated by the amino group. In the crystal, molÂecules are arranged in undulating layers parallel to (010). The molÂecules are linked via interÂmolecular aminoâcarboxyl NâHâŻO hydrogen bonds, forming chains parallel to [001]. The chains are cross-linked by NcarbazoneâHâŻS and CâHâŻS interÂactions, forming infinite sheets
Cleaner production for achieving the sustainable development goals
Cleaner production is a lively concept in which new procedures and technologies constantly emerge introducing methods and practices to prevent damages to the environment. A broad range of cleaner production initiatives contribute to sustainable development not only through the efficient management of resources and energy, but also through the development of new and smart technologies, new ways of assisting policies development, and organizing supply chains, sectors and individual companies. The authors of this Virtual Special Issue sought to introduce first-hand knowledge and discussions identifying and highlighting the ways cleaner production can contribute to reach the United Nations sustainable development targets. The intent of the Virtual Special Issue is to provide an overview of the recent trends that cleaner production practitioners/researchers are following in the chase of the sustainable development goals, and in this context, this editorial was designed to summarize and underscore the link between cleaner production concepts and practices and the sustainable development goals. An adequate response to this challenge required scientific knowledge and reassessment of the papers ensuring that the science is responsive to the evolving needs of sustainable development. This Virtual Special Issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production is mainly dedicated to the 7th International Workshop on Advances in Cleaner Production, held at Universidad de La Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia on 21â22 June 2018. Based upon the examination of the papers of this Virtual Special Issue, the authors were able to establish that there is an pressing need for research on the assessment on which/when cleaner production interventions are more effective; inter and multidisciplinary cooperation among social and technical scientists to distinguish and address the cleaner production/sustainable development goals interactions and connect cleaner production solutions and large-scale sustainability approaches
Chaos and Semiclassical Limit in Quantum Cosmology
In this paper we present a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological model
conformally coupled to a massive scalar field where the WKB approximation fails
to reproduce the exact solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for large
Universes. The breakdown of the WKB approximation follows the same pattern than
in semiclassical physics of chaotic systems, and it is associated to the
development of small scale structure in the wave function. This result puts in
doubt the ``WKB interpretation'' of Quantum Cosmology.Comment: 14 pages in LaTex (RevTex), 6 figure
Optimal Resource Allocation with Delay Guarantees for Network Slicing in Disaggregated RAN
In this article, we propose a novel formulation for the resource allocation
problem of a sliced and disaggregated Radio Access Network (RAN) and its
transport network. Our proposal assures an end-to-end delay bound for the
Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) use case while jointly
considering the number of admitted users, the transmission rate allocation per
slice, the functional split of RAN nodes and the routing paths in the transport
network. We use deterministic network calculus theory to calculate delay along
the transport network connecting disaggregated RANs deploying network functions
at the Radio Unit (RU), Distributed Unit (DU), and Central Unit (CU) nodes. The
maximum end-to-end delay is a constraint in the optimization-based formulation
that aims to maximize Mobile Network Operator (MNO) profit, considering a cash
flow analysis to model revenue and operational costs using data from one of the
world's leading MNOs. The optimization model leverages a Flexible Functional
Split (FFS) approach to provide a new degree of freedom to the resource
allocation strategy. Simulation results reveal that, due to its non-linear
nature, there is no trivial solution to the proposed optimization problem
formulation. Our proposal guarantees a maximum delay for URLLC services while
satisfying minimal bandwidth requirements for enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB)
services and maximizing the MNO's profit.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures. For the associated GitHub repository, see
https://github.com/LABORA-INF-UFG/paper-FGKCJ-202
Evaluation of antifungal activity and potential application as fluorescent probes of indolenine and benzo[e]indole-based squarylium dyes
The antifungal performance and the possible use as fluorescent probes of a series of squarylium dyes derived from indolenine and benzo[e]indole previously synthesized was evaluated. Some photophysical properties were performed in ethanol and phosphate buffer, and the type of aggregates form in phosphate buffer was analyzed. Using the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran assay, a qualitative assessment of the capacity of dyes to produce singlet oxygen after irradiation was performed. Regarding the antifungal activity, this was studied through a broth microdilution assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae PYCC 4072 as a biological model. The effect of irradiation of the dyes, with an appropriate light emitting diode system, on the antifungal activity was also evaluated, and it was verified that some of the dyes improve their activity after irradiation. Using fluorescence microscopy techniques, the colocalization of dyes in S. cerevisae cells was investigated and it was possible to verify that some of the squarylium dyes with a barbituric moiety in the four-membered central ring stained and accumulated preferentially in the mitochondrial web and perinuclear membrane of the cells. The possible use as a fluorescent probe for the detection of HSA was also evaluated for one of the dyes of the series, demonstrating a linear variation of the fluorescence intensity accompanied by the increase of the protein concentration.We thank to Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e Tecnologia (FCT), ComissĂŁo de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Norte (CCDR-N) and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETEQREN-EU for financial support to the research centers CQ/UM (UIDB/00686/2020), CBMA (UID/BIA/04050/2020), CQ/VR (UID/QUI/UI0616/2019) and CICSUBI (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491), as well as PhD grants to V.S.D.G. (UMINHO/BD/43/2016) and J.C.C.F. (SFRH/BD/133207/2017)
The striped soldier shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Crustacea:Decapoda:Pandalidae) from the cape Verde Islands
This study is part of the PROACTIVA 1-2 (2009-2012) and MARPROF-CV (2010-2014) projects, in the
framework of the Canary Islands Government and UE PCT MAC 2007-2013 programmes respectively.
Research has mainly focused on the stock assessment of the striped soldier shrimp, Plesionika edwardsii
(Brandt, 1851), because it has shown moderate to high levels of fishing yield and abundances compatible
with the development of a new sustainable fishery in the Cape Verde Islands.
Cruises took place on board the R/V Prof. Ignacio Lozano. Four 15-day surveys have been conducted to
date: Cabo Verde 2010-04 (April 2010), CamarËao-1 (November 2011), CamarËao-2 (Mars 2012) and Camar
Ëao-3 (July 2012). An innovative fishing gear so-called multiple semi-floating shrimp trap (MSFST)
was used. Each fishing line was composed by 40-65 traps operating around 2.4 m above the seafloor,
using Decapterus macarellus (Carangidae) as unique bait of the traps. Fishing depth was 66-458 m, and
efective fishing time was 16-18 h. Each trap was attached to the main bottom line every 15 m, and the
maximum attraction of this bait was established to be 100 or 150 m, according to the experience gained
from the local fishery for deep-sea lobsters. So density by area was calculated assuming two different
areas of attraction of the fishing gear. Initial biomass was estimated from depletion experiments at different
abundance stations by applying the Leslie & Davis (1939) method, modified by Ricker (1975). Each
fishing operation was classified according to its yield (CPUE in g/trap/night). The potential fishing planar
area was estimated between the isobathymetric lines between 90 and 220 m. Total biomasses (Bt) were
calculated from areas (km2) and mean minimum/maximum densities (kg/km2). Maximum sustainable
yield (MSY) was estimated from Bt using the Beddington and Cooke (1983) model by entering natural
mortality (0.6), growth rate (0.53 yearïżœ1) and recruitment age (1.32 year), which are the parameters for
this target species published for the Canaries. These parameters estimate a biological exploitation rate
( ) of 0.262. Interpolations were applied to estimate MSY for insular stocks representing lesser than 5%
of the total fishing grounds for this species in the archipelago.
The MSY estimated by depletion were 30.5 tons/year for the stock of SËao Vicente, Santa Luzia, Ilheus
and SËao Nicolau, 10 tons/year for the stock of Santiago, 138.8 tons/year for the stock of Boa Vista
and Maio, and 5.6 tons/year for the stock of Sal. The small stocks estimated by interpolation were:
4.5 tons/year for the stock of Santo AntËao, 1.3 tons/year for the stock of Fogo, and 1.8 tons/year for
the stock of Brava and Ilheus. In total, 192.5 tons per year was the total MSY for the striped soldier
shrimp around the islands of the Cape Verde archipelago, occupying a total area of 1,918 km2 of new
fishing grounds at between 90 and 220 m of depth. In comparison with the traditional bottom trap
used in the Canary Islands, the innovative fishing gear MSFST were proved to be more selective for
pandalid shrimps, minimizing the gear impact on the seafloor as well as the by-catch by reducing the
discards. Depletion methods are based on the assumption of a closed system, that is with minimum or
zero immigration between neighbouring areas. The straight forward decline of CPUEs obtained during
the depletion experiments seems to confirm that P. edwardsii is a low mobility species, making this
assumption valid at least during short-time periods. Because of the bathymetry profile of these islands,the depth range is from very close (few nautical miles in Santiago) to far away (10-12 n.m. in Boa Vista)
to the coastline.
Fishing effort should be controlled on the basis of quotas, number of fishing vessels and a precautionary
approach in order to ensure that catching is commensurate with sustainable levels of exploitation. MSY
estimates suggest that this new Capeverdean fishery should be carried out by specialized medium-sized
fishing vessels. During the last decades a combination of shrimp trawling and industrial trapping activity
has threatened over-exploitation in the Mediterranean fisheries targeting on P. edwardsii; currently the
shrimp collapse has conducted to the decline of these fisheries. Can the Cape Verde regulatory bodies
and all the stakeholders involved learn the lessons this teaches us about this resource management
By-catch composition of the striped soldier shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (Crustace: Decapoda: Pandalidae) experimental fishery in the Cape Verde Islands
This work focuses on the by-catch composition of Plesionika edwardsii experimental fishery in the Cape
Verde Islands. Obtaining information on abundance, composition and lifecycle of species involved in this
potential fishery is useful, in order to ensure its sustainable development under an ecosystem approach.
The first step towards this goal is the description of catches.
Four 15-day research surveys were conducted on board the R/V Prof. Ignacio Lozano: April 2010 (SËao
Vicente and Santa Luzia islands), November 2011 (Santiago island), March 2012 (Boa Vista island,)
and July 2012 (Sal and SËao Nicolau islands). The working depths were between 66 and 458 m depth.
A standardized innovative fishing gear was used, so-called multiple semi-floating shrimp traps. Each
fishing line was composed by 40-65 traps operating around 2.4 m above the seafloor, using Decapterus
macarellus (Carangidae) as unique bait of the traps.
Multiple semi-floating shrimp traps is a passive fishing system that allows catch and release sea significant
part of the unwanted catches, as in the case of Chondrichthyes or Anguilliformes, reducing the
fishing impact on non-target species.
The main by-catch was composed of 53 species belonging to three groups including Chondrichthyes
(three families and three species), Crustacea (11 families and 19 species) and Osteichthyes (15 families
and 29 species). Plesionika edwardsii, the target species of this fishery, represented 97.8% of
the catch in terms of abundance and 40.1% in biomass. By-catch represented 59.9% of total catch in
terms of biomass. Osteichthyes (87.5%) were the dominant group and was represented by the following
main families; Sparidae (33.9%), Moridae (32.5%), Muraenidae (32.5%), Scorpaenidae (9.9%) and
Tetraodontidae (9.8%). Chondrichthyes (11.6%) were composed by Centrophoridae (65.3%) and Triakidae
(34.1%). Finally, Crustacea (1.9%) were chiefly composed by Pandalidae (79.1%). However,
different families represented by specific species were found to be dominant around each island. Sparidae
were the dominant family represented by Pagellus acarne (46.2% of total by-catch) at SËao Vicente,
and by Dentex macrophthalmus (42.6%) at Boa Vista. Tetraodontidae with Sphoeroides pachygaster
(25.9%) and Sparidae with P. acarne (25.1%) were the co-dominant families in the by-catch around
Santa Luzia. Muraenidae were the dominant family represented by Gymnothorax polygonius (69.4%)
at Sal, and by Muraena helena (63.4%) at SËao Nicolau. Finally, Scorpaenidae with Pontinus kuhlii
(22.3%) and Moridae with Physiculus cyanostrophus (22.1%) were the co-dominant families of the bycatch
around Santiago.
Acknowledgements: This study is part of the PROACTIVA 1-2 (2009-2012) and MARPROF-CV
(2010-2014) projects, in the framework of the Canary Islands Government and UE PCT MAC 2007-
2013 programmes respectively
Dectin-1 Activation Exacerbates Obesity and Insulin Resistance in the Absence of MyD88
This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP, grant numbers 11/15682-4, 12/02270-2, 15/18121-4), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq, Regenera INCT Process Grant 465656/2014-5). JL is funded by the NIH/NIDDK R01DK106210. GDB is funded by the Wellcome Trust and the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology. Open access journalPeer reviewedPublisher PD
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