Gobernanza de los recursos hídricos locales: Implicaciones conductuales y cognitivas

En el marco del Desarrollo Sustentable, la gobernanza de los recursos hídricos resulta ser un modelo de gestión que incluiría factores relativos a creencias, actitudes, valores, normas, percepciones, habilidades, conocimientos, decisiones y acciones orientadas por la disponibilidad del agua y el consumo estándar de 200 litros diarios. Sin embargo, los estudios relativos a la psicología de la sustentabilidad advierten que la disponibilidad no sólo está mediada por dimensiones cognitivas, sino además están determinadas por las relaciones entre las autoridades locales y los usuarios de los servicios municipales. En este sentido, el presente trabajo se propuso especificar la relación entre los factores cognitivos para establecer un modelo que permita el estudio de las políticas de tandeo como un efecto de la información circundante en los medios de comunicación acerca de sequias, desastres naturales, catástrofes ambientales o conflictos hídricos. Para tal objetivo, se realizó una revisión en bases de datos con registro ISBN y DOI considerando los constructos mencionados. En referencia al estado del conocimiento, la especificación del modelo fue discutid

Influence of Fruit Ripening on the Total and Individual Capsaicinoids and Capsiate Content in Naga Jolokia Peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

"Naga Jolokia" (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is a hot pepper variety native to India which has received the attention of the global scientific community due to its high capsaicinoid concentration. The present study evaluated the influence of fruit ripening on the total and individual capsaicinoids, as well as capsiate content. The aim was to determine the optimal moment to harvest the peppers depending on their pungent properties. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using methanol as the extraction solvent and reverse-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-photodiode array (PDA)) were employed. Capsaicinoids gradually accumulated in the peppers from the moment they started growing until they reached a maximum concentration (7.99 +/- 0.11 mg g(-1) of fresh weight (FW)) at 33 days postanthesis (dpa). For this reason, based on its content of pungent compounds, as it is one of the main attributes of this variety, the optimal time for collection would be on day 33. From then on, there was a sharp decrease (96.35% of the total concentration) due to the peroxidase enzymes. The evolution of the principal capsaicinoids in "Naga Jolokia" peppers had a different behavior with respect to literature reports. After this investigation, these changes in content can be attributed to each pepper genotype. Capsiate content reached it maximum value at 19 dpa (0.27 +/- 0.01 mg g(-1) of FW). Then, there was a gradual drop due to the activities of different peroxidases. Given the important biological activity of capsaicinoids and capsinoids, the information described here allows for determining the ideal time to harvest "Naga Jolokia" peppers

Modelaje de la distribución geográfica de cuatro especies de serpientes venenosas y su percepción social en el sureste de la Altiplanicie de Chiapas.

Current and potential distribution models were developed for four species of venomous snakes (Bothriechis aurifer, Crotalus simus, Micrurus diastema and M. elegans) inhabiting the southeastern area of the Altiplanicie de Chiapas. These species are included within risk categories in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, their precise distribution is unknown and they are of medical importance. The distribution models were obtained with MaxEnt algorithm, using records obtained from voucher specimens of national and foreign museums, searches in the internet, scientific literature and field sampling. In addition, occurence of each of species in the protected natural areas was determined. Interviews were also conducted to determine the perception and relationship of venomous snakes with human populations. Some geographical barriers, such as the Valle del Río Motagua, limits the distribution of M. elegans and B. aurifer, while the Istmo de Tehuantepec does for C. simus. Bothriechis aurifer is the most vulnerable species because of its restricted distribution and scarce occurrence in the protected natural areas. It was concluded that bites of poisonous snakes are frequent in some localities. Crotalus simus is pursued because of its traditional medicinal use. This information is important as a basis for implementing environmental education programs and management action that contribute to the conservation of the species.Se describe la distribución geográfica de cuatro especies de serpientes venenosas (Bothriechis aurifer, Crotalus simus, Micrurus diastema y M. elegans) que habitan en el área sureste de la Altiplanicie de Chiapas. Estas especies se encuentran en alguna categoría de riesgo en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, se desconoce su distribución precisa y son de importancia médica. Los modelos de distribución se obtuvieron usando el algoritmo MaxEnt, para ello se usaron registros de museos nacionales y del extranjero, así como búsquedas en internet, en la literatura científica y muestreos en campo. También se realizaron entrevistas para determinar la percepción y la relación que tienen las serpientes venenosas con las poblaciones humanas. Además, se determinó la representatividad de cada una de las especies en las áreas naturales protegidas. Algunas barreras geográficas, como el Valle de Motagua, limitan la distribución de M. elegans y B. aurifer, mientras que el Istmo de Tehuantepec lo hace para C. simus. Se pudo determinar que B. aurifer es la especie más vulnerable, debido a su distribución restringida, y a que se encuentra poco representada en las áreas naturales protegidas. Son frecuentes las mordeduras de serpientes venenosas en algunas localidades. La víbora de cascabel (C. simus) es perseguida por el uso medicinal que le dan los pobladores. La información generada es fundamental para implementar programas de educación ambiental y acciones de manejo que contribuyan a la conservación de estas especies

THE IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING DRAWINGS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS: A DIDACTIC CONTRIBUTION TO ENGINEERING EDUCATION

THE IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING DRAWINGS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS: A DIDACTIC CONTRIBUTION TO ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAbstracturing the direct design or reverse engineering process of products and machinery, various geometric and manufacturing information is generated according to the phases or stages of development applied during a project in different subjects. Much of this information is not used or lost and students face various problems when generating manufacturing drawings. This article discusses the importance of manufacturing drawings during the direct design process and its implications for engineering education. To generate the design information, the concept of manufacturing primitive and a classification of the manufacturing drawings that follow the stages of direct design are applied. It is using a case study to show the process of generating and documenting the information. The importance of transmitting knowledge to the student is necessary for their academic and professional training. Using tools that are actually used in industrial practice within their processes. Improving the results of students in their subjects and in academic or professional stays. Currently, this acquired knowledge has also been important in academic exchanges because the same way of working is being implemented worldwide.Keyword: Engineering Education, Manufacturing Drawings, Manufacturing

Dinámica del agua y fitoquímicos durante el secado de rodajas de chile habanero rojo (Capsicum chinense)

Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) is a source of phytochemicals or bioactive compounds that have shown benefits in human health. For phytochemicals extraction process, a prior drying is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature (30, 50 and 70 degrees C) on total capsaicinoids and total carotenoids, and the coefficients of water diffusivity during drying of sliced red habanero pepper. The results show that the bioactive compounds, present a major stability at high temperature (70 degrees C), the effective diffusivity increased with drying temperature and the activation energy of the process was calculated to 39.575 kJ mol(-1) K-1. Several theoretical aspects of average water diffusivity are discussed

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children under 5 Years of Age in the WHO European Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of respiratory tract infection in children under 5 years. However, RSV infection in the European Region of the World Health Organization has not been systematically reviewed. The aim was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with RSV in children under 5 years of age in European regions. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, ProQuest, SciELO, and Scopus databases were consulted for studies published in the last 5 years, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. The search equation was “respiratory syncytial virus AND (newborn OR infant OR child) AND (prevalence OR risk factors)”. Studies reporting the prevalence of RSV were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A total of 20 articles were included. The meta-analytic prevalence estimation of RSV, with a sample of n = 16,115 children, was 46% (95% CI 34–59%). The main risk factors were age, male gender, winter season, and environmental factors such as cold temperatures, higher relative humidity, high concentrations of benzene, exposure to tobacco, and living in urban areas. Robust age-specific estimates of RSV infection in healthy children should be promoted in order to determine the optimal age for immunization. In addition, it is necessary to analyse in greater depth the potentially predictive factors of RSV infection, to be included in prevention strategies

Evolution of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Emergency and Critical Care: Therapeutic Management before and during the Pandemic Situation

Background and Objectives: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening lung condition that prevents enough oxygen from getting to the lungs and blood. The causes can be varied, although since the COVID-19 pandemic began there have been many cases related to this virus. The management and evolution of ARDS in emergency situations in the last 5 years was analyzed. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Using the descriptors Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), the search equation was: “Emergency health service AND acute respiratory distress syndrome”. The search was conducted in December 2021. Quantitative primary studies on the care of patients with ARDS in an emergency setting published in the last 5 years were included. Results: In the initial management, adherence to standard treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is recommended. The use of extracorporeal membrane reduces the intensity of mechanical ventilation or as rescue therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The prone position in both intubated and non-intubated patients with severe ARDS is associated with a better survival of these patients, therefore, it is very useful in these moments of pandemic crisis. Lack of resources forces triage decisions about which patients are most likely to survive to start mechanical ventilation and this reflects the realities of intensive care and emergency care in a resource-limited setting. Conclusions: adequate prehospital management of ARDS and in emergency situations can improve the prognosis of patients. The therapeutic options in atypical ARDS due to COVID-19 do not seem to vary substantially from conventional ARDS

Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) oil on turkey slaughter quality/Aceite de orégano mexicano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) sobre la calidad en el sacricio de pavos

The quality of slaughtered turkeys fed a diet supplemented with Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) oil was investigated. Two treatments were studied. T0: control diet and T1: control diet + 400 mg kg−1 of oregano oil with 60 % carvacrol. Live weight at slaughter was dierent, with T0 weighing 11.0 kg and T1 11.89 kg, while the performance of feathers and drumstick was higher in T0 (4.33 and 3.18 % respectively). Viscera, blood, head, neck and hot and cold carcass yield did not dier between treatments (p > 0.05). Oregano oil at 400 mg kg−1 can be used in the production of turkeys to inuence slaughter quality

Actitudes frente al COVID-19 en estudiantes de una universidad del centro de México

Until February 2022, the pandemic has led to the death of seven million. Anti-COVID-19 policies in Mexico are distinguished by individual distancing rather than confinement recommended, but not imposed by the State. In this scenario, the pandemic has claimed the lives of 300,000, although the government recognizes another 300,000 related to atypical pneumonia. The objective of the present work was to specify a model for the study of attitudes towards the effects of the pandemic on the environment. An exploratory, cross-sectional and correlational work was carried out with 100 students, considering their confinement and intensive use of electronic technologies, devices and networks. A factorial structure was found that explained 35% of the total variance, although the research design limited the results to the study setting, suggesting the extension of the work towards the contrast of the proposed model.Hasta febrero de 2022, la pandemia ha provocado la muerte de siete millones de personas. Las políticas anti-COVID-19 en México se distinguen por el distanciamiento individual más que por el confinamiento recomendado, pero no impuesto por el Estado. En este escenario, la pandemia se ha cobrado la vida de 300.000, aunque el Gobierno reconoce otros 300.000 relacionados con neumonías atípicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue especificar un modelo para el estudio de las actitudes frente a los efectos de la pandemia en el medio ambiente. Se realizó un trabajo exploratorio, transversal y correlacional con 100 estudiantes, considerando su confinamiento y uso intensivo de tecnologías, dispositivos y redes electrónicas. Se encontró una estructura factorial que explicaba el 35% de la varianza total, aunque el diseño de la investigación limitó los resultados al ámbito del estudio, sugiriendo la extensión del trabajo hacia el contraste del modelo propuesto

Risk Factors for Short-Term Lung Cancer Survival

Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Andalusian Health Service (LUNG CA SURV 2180-N-20).Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to ethical.Background: Lung cancer is typically diagnosed in an advanced phase of its natural history. Explanatory models based on epidemiological and clinical variables provide an approximation of patient survival less than one year using information extracted from the case history only, whereas models involving therapeutic variables must confirm that any treatment applied is worse than surgery in survival terms. Models for classifying less than one year survival for patients diagnosed with lung cancer which are able to identify risk factors and quantify their effect for prognosis are analyzed. Method: Two stepwise binary logistic regression models, based on a retrospective study of 521 cases of patients diagnosed with lung cancer in the Interventional Pneumology Unit at the Hospital “Virgen de las Nieves”, Granada, Spain. Results: The first model included variables age, history of pulmonary neoplasm, tumor location, dyspnea, dysphonia, and chest pain. The independent risk factors age greater than 70 years, a peripheral location, dyspnea and dysphonia were significant. For the second model, treatments were also significant. Conclusions: Age, history of pulmonary neoplasm, tumor location, dyspnea, dysphonia, and chest pain are predictors for survival in patients diagnosed with lung cancer at the time of diagnosis. The treatment applied is significant for classifying less than one year survival time which confirms that any treatment is markedly inferior to surgery in terms of survival. This allows to consider applications of more or less aggressive treatments, anticipation of palliative cares or comfort measures, inclusion in clinical trials, etc