Granivoría de la Torcaza Común (Zenaida auriculata) y su rol en la dispersión de semillas en bosques semiáridos del centro de Argentina

La Torcaza Común (Zenaida auriculata) es una de las aves granívoras más abundantes de la región Neotropical, y ha sido declarada plaga en varias regiones del sur de Sudamérica. La mayoría de los estudios sobre la dieta de esta especie se han llevado a cabo en ambientes agrícolas con el fin de evaluar los daños a los cultivos y la preferencia de las palomas por las semillas de un cultivo en particular. Recientemente se ha demostrado que la Torcaza Común podría también desempañar un rol como dispersores de semillas ya que a menudo las semillas contenidas en los buches se derraman cuando las palomas son depredadas. En este trabajo estudiamos los hábitos alimenticios de la Torcaza Común en los bosques xerofítico semiáridos del centro de Argentina y el potencial germinativo de las semillas contenidas en sus buches. Basado en el contenido de buches, empleando una fórmula emética y experimentos de germinación en invernáculo, nuestro objetivo fue determinar la dieta de la Torcaza Común y evaluar su rol potencial como predadores y dispersores de semillas. La mayoría de las aves que capturamos (70%, n = 131) regurgitaron el contenido de sus buches. El contenido de los buches estuvo compuesto casi exclusivamente de semillas, correspondientes a seis especies de plantas cultivadas y 13 especies no cultivadas, con una media (± DE) de 207 ± 286 semillas/buche. Las Torcazas consumieron semillas en asincronía con la fructificación de las plantas cultivadas o ciclo de siembra de los cultivos, tanto para las especies no cultivadas como para las especies cultivadas respectivamente, lo que sugiere que las palomas forrajean no solo directamente de las plantas sino también de las plantas de almacenamiento de semillas, de semillas caídas, y del banco de semillas. Seleccionamos algunas de las especies de plantas más representativas obtenidas de los buches de las torcazas para realizar los experimentos de germinación. Sin bien todas las especies mostraron algún nivel de potencial germinación, las semillas de las especies de plantas cultivadas (n = 5) mostraron un potencial medio de germinación mayor (56,8%) que las especies no cultivadas (23,1%, n = 3 especies). Nuestros resultados confirman el rol de la Torcaza Común como predadora de semillas pero también ponen de manifiesto su rol potencial en procesos de dispersión de semillas luego de sufrir predación.The Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata) is one of the most abundant granivorous birds in the Neotropical region, and has been declared as a pest in several regions of southern South America. Most studies of this dove’s diet have been conducted in agricultural lands in order to evaluate crop damage and dove preferences for particular crop seeds. More recently, it has been argued that Eared Doves may also play a role as seed dispersers, since often seeds contained in crops are spilled when doves are killed by predators. Here, we studied the food habits of the Eared Dove in xerophytic semiarid forests of central Argentina and the germination potential of seeds contained in crops. Based on crop contents, using an emetic formula and greenhouse germination experiments, we aimed to determine the diet of the Eared Dove and to evaluate the potential role of doves as seed predators and dispersers. Most of the birds cap‐ tured (70%, n = 131) regurgitated crop contents. Crops contained almost exclusively seeds of six cultivated and 13 non‐cultivated plant species, with a mean (±SD) of 207 ± 286 seeds/crop. Doves consumed seeds in asynchrony with the plant fruiting or crop‐sowing cycle for both non‐cultivated and cultivated species, respectively, suggesting that doves forage not only directly from plants but also from crop‐seed storage facilities, spilled grain, and the seed bank. We selected some of the most representative plant species obtained from dove crops to carry out germination exper‐ iments. While all species showed some level of germination potential, seeds from cultivated plant species (n = 5) showed a higher mean germination potential (56.8%) than those from non‐cultivated species (23.1%, n = 3). Our results confirm the role of the Eared Dove as seed predator but also highlight its potential role as seed disperser fol‐ lowing predation.Fil: Costan, Andrea Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Sarasola, José Hernán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentin

Effect of Q&P Process on 0.15C-MnSi Steels

The present study is focused on analyzing the effect of Mn amount on two experimental steel compositions, specially designed for Q&P (Quenching and Partitioning), 0.15C-2.5Mn-1.5Si and 0.15C-3Mn-1.5Si without significant contribution of Al. Two-Step Q&P thermal treatments were performed at laboratory scale in a quenching dilatometer Bähr DIL805A/D. The fractions of retained austenite were evaluated by X-ray diffraction techniques. The mechanical properties of the Q&P samples were evaluated, a strong dependence of strength, uniform elongation and strain hardening values on process parameters has been found. Higher uniform elongation were related to higher residual austenite contents. The 0.15C-3Mn-1.5Si steel showed systematically the largest mechanical values with respect to the 0.15C-2.5Mn-1.5Si steel.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

A Model of Strategic Targeted Advertising

We study a simultaneous move game of targeted advertising and pricing in a market with various consumer segments. In this setting we explore the implications of market segmentation on firm competitiveness. If firms are unable to target their ads on different consumer segments, a unique zero-profit equilibrium exists. By contrast, if firms employ targeted advertising, they can obtain positive profits. In equilibrium firms price very aggressively when they address the most profitable segment, quite gently when they target their ads on the least profitable segment and moderately aggressive when they advertise in the entire market.segmentation, targeted advertising, oligopoly, price dispersion, price discrimination

Platform Intermediation in a Market for Differentiated Products

We study a two-sided market where a platform attracts firms selling differentiated products and buyers interested in those products. In the unique subgame perfect equilibrium of the game, the platform fully internalizes the network externalities present in the market and firms and consumers all participate in the platform with probability one. The monopolist intermediary extracts all the economic rents generated in the market, except when firms and consumers can trade outside the platform, in which case consumers retain part of the economic rents. The market allocation is constraint efficient in the sense that the monopoly platform does not introduce distortions over and above those arising from the market power of the differentiated product sellers. An increase in the number of retailers increases the amount of variety in the platform but at the same time increases competition. As a result, the platform lowers the firm fees and raises the consumer charges. In contrast, an increase in the extent of product differentiation raises the value of the platform for the consumers but weakens competition. In this case, the platform raises both the charge to the consumers and the fee for the firms.two-sided markets, network externalities, intermediation, advertising

Phase Stabilization of a Frequency Comb using Multipulse Quantum Interferometry

From the interaction between a frequency comb and an atomic qubit, we derive quantum protocols for the determination of the carrier-envelope offset phase, using the qubit coherence as a reference, and without the need of frequency doubling or an octave spanning comb. Compared with a trivial interference protocol, the multipulse protocol results in a polynomial enhancement of the sensitivity O(N^{-2}) with the number N of laser pulses involved. We present specializations of the protocols using optical or hyperfine qubits, Lambda-schemes and Raman transitions, and introduce methods where the reference is another phase-stable cw-laser or frequency comb