ODRŽIVOST KOLUZIJE PRI „STACKED REVERSION“

We consider a multi-period oligopoly model to analyze cartel sustainability where a subset of collusive firms is exogenously given. We assume that in case of cheating only the cheater is expelled from the cartel and collusion continues without the cheater. We show that, in our model, when firms compete in quantities and the cartel is sufficiently small, a Stackelberg leader cartel can always be sustained if firms are patient enough. Furthermore, in this case collusion is more easily sustained than when firms play grim trigger strategies. The opposite result is obtained in a price-setting supergame with differentiated products.Razmatramo multiperiodni model oligopola kako bismo analizirali održivost kartela u kojem je podskup koluzivnih tvrtki dan egzogeno. Pretpostavljamo da u slučaju prevare samo varalica biva izbačen iz kartela te se koluzija nastavlja bez prevaranta. Na našem modelu pokazujemo da kad tvrtke konkuriraju u količinama a kartel je dovoljno malen, Stackelberg leader kartel može uvijek biti održan ako su tvrtke dovoljno strpljive. Nadalje, u ovom slučaju, koluzija se jednostavnije održava nego kad tvrtke igraju „grim trigger“ strategije. Obrnuti se rezultat dobiva u cjenovnom nadigravanju s diferenciranim proizvodima

On Collusion and Industry Size

In this paper we investigate the connection between the number of competitors and the sustainability of collusion within the context of a infinitely repeated symmetric Cournot model where only a subset of firms cooperate. We show that, in our model, an increase in the number of cartel firms may increase collusion likelihood by diminishing the negative effects for collusion of the existence of a competitive fringe. Also, we show that an increase in the number of fringe firms makes collusion harder to sustain

ODRŽIVOST KOLUZIJE PRI „STACKED REVERSION“

We consider a multi-period oligopoly model to analyze cartel sustainability where a subset of collusive firms is exogenously given. We assume that in case of cheating only the cheater is expelled from the cartel and collusion continues without the cheater. We show that, in our model, when firms compete in quantities and the cartel is sufficiently small, a Stackelberg leader cartel can always be sustained if firms are patient enough. Furthermore, in this case collusion is more easily sustained than when firms play grim trigger strategies. The opposite result is obtained in a price-setting supergame with differentiated products.Razmatramo multiperiodni model oligopola kako bismo analizirali održivost kartela u kojem je podskup koluzivnih tvrtki dan egzogeno. Pretpostavljamo da u slučaju prevare samo varalica biva izbačen iz kartela te se koluzija nastavlja bez prevaranta. Na našem modelu pokazujemo da kad tvrtke konkuriraju u količinama a kartel je dovoljno malen, Stackelberg leader kartel može uvijek biti održan ako su tvrtke dovoljno strpljive. Nadalje, u ovom slučaju, koluzija se jednostavnije održava nego kad tvrtke igraju „grim trigger“ strategije. Obrnuti se rezultat dobiva u cjenovnom nadigravanju s diferenciranim proizvodima

Metodologías de enseñanza/aprendizaje y evaluación de la actividad docente en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES)

El documento presente es fruto del trabajo y las experiencias que, en el ámbito de la innovación educativa, los autores vienen desarrollando y aplicando desde el año 2007 en las materias y asignaturas que imparten en la licenciatura de “Ciencia Política y de la Administración” y en la diplomatura de “Administración y Gestión Pública” de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Durante el curso 2008-2009, los autores dirigieron dos proyectos de innovación educativa que se proyectaron, el primero de ellos, sobre aspectos metodológicos y nuevas actividades de aprendizaje/enseñanza y, el segundo, sobre la evaluación de la metodología y de las actividades docentes desarrolladas, al efecto de verificar su impacto en los resultados académicos y en la satisfacción de los estudiantes. El trabajo presentado, que fue defendido presencialmente por los autores en un Congreso Internacional y que fue seleccionado para su exposición tras una evaluación anónima, realiza un inventario de los objetivos conseguidos, pero también plantea retos a abordar en un futuro

Microorganism response to stressed terrestrial environments: a raman spectroscopic perspective of extremophilic life strategies

Raman spectroscopy is a valuable analytical technique for the identification of biomolecules and minerals in natural samples, which involves little or minimal sample manipulation. In this paper, we evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this technique applied to the study of extremophiles. Furthermore, we provide a review of the results published, up to the present point in time, of the bio- and geo-strategies adopted by different types of extremophile colonies of microorganisms. We also show the characteristic Raman signatures for the identification of pigments and minerals, which appear in those complex sample

Strategic Airline Alliances: Advantages for Major Airlines Being Aligned

SSome factors including the deregulation in the U.S and the liberalization in Europe of the airline industry are essential to understanding why the number of partnership agreements between airlines has increased during the last 25 years. These events, coupled with the continuous economic downturn and the 9/11 catastrophe seem to be the perfect framework for the tendency to develop airline strategic alliances. However, it has been observed that this trend was not followed during the period 2005-2008. The purpose of this paper is to analyze if a benefit was experienced by the major airlines who became a member of the current 3 big alliances compared to the major airlines that decided not to become a member or were not admitted into the alliances during 2005-2008. The methodology of this report includes an analysis of several airlines’ performance figures. These performance figures include the revenue passenger kilometers (RPKs), the passenger load factor (PLF) and also the market share (MS). The figures will be compared between the aligned airlines and others which have similar business models. The value of this paper is to reveal whether being aligned provides advantages to major airlines under a bearish airline market in a globalized environment