Contribuições da Saúde Coletiva para o trabalho de enfermeiros

Objective: Analyze the perceptions of undergraduate nursing students about the contributions of public health to nursing practice in the Unified Health System. Method: Qualitative Descriptive Study. Data collection was carried out through semi-directed interviews with 15 students. The language material was analyzed according to content and thematic analysis. Results: Thematic categories were established, namely: "Perceptions about Public Health" and "Contribution of Public Health to nursing practice in the Unified Health System". Final considerations: Perceptions about Public Health are diversified, but converge to the recognition of this field as the basis for training nurses qualified to work in the SUS with technical competence, autonomy and focusing on the integrality in health care.Objetivo: Analisar as percepções de alunos do curso de bacharelado em Enfermagem acerca das contribuições da Saúde Coletiva para o trabalho de enfermeiros no Sistema Único de Saúde. Método: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante a técnica da entrevista semidirigida com 15 alunos. O material de linguagem foi analisado segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Resultados: Foram produzidas as categorias temáticas "Percepções acerca da Saúde Coletiva" e "Contribuição da Saúde Coletiva ao trabalho do enfermeiro no Sistema Único de Saúde". Considerações finais: As percepções sobre a Saúde Coletiva são plurais, mas convergem para o reconhecimento desse campo como base de sustentação da formação de enfermeiros habilitados a trabalhar no SUS com competência técnica, autonomia e com foco na integralidade do cuidado em saúde.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro, Sch Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth Nursing, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro, Pedro Ernesto Univ Hosp, Nurse Residency Program Neonatol, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Evaluation of the directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis according to the dimensions of policy transfer

Objective: To evaluate the directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis in the Primary Health Care Service according to the dimensions of policy transfer. Method: Descriptive study, conducted with professionals from Basic Health Units in the city of Sao Paulo, SP state. The interviews were conducted from May to July/2016, using a validated, self-administered instrument with 39 items on a five-point Likert scale. The variables were organized in the dimensions: information, knowledge and innovation. The mean of the responses was calculated: the means between four and five were classified as adequate, between two and a half and three and a half as fair, and between one and two as inadequate. Results: 112 health professionals participated in the study. In the dimension of information, participation of the community in the treatment was considered fair. In the dimension of knowledge, the treatment routine in the unit and the participation of the professionals in trainings were classified as fair. In the dimension of innovation, the unit infrastructure, the use of community resources and the creation of strategies to promote patient adherence were evaluated as fair. The other variables were adequate. Conclusion: The transfer of the directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis in the Primary Health Care assessed has been occurring gradually and successfully.Objetivo: Avaliar o tratamento diretamente observado da tuberculose na Atenção Primária à Saúde, segundo dimensões da transferência de políticas. Método: Estudo descritivo, realizado com profissionais de Unidades Básicas de Saúde, do município de São Paulo, SP. As entrevistas foram realizadas de maio a julho/2016, mediante instrumento validado, autoaplicável, com 39 itens, em escala Likert com cinco níveis. As variáveis foram organizadas nas dimensões: informação, conhecimento e inovação. Calculou-se a média das respostas dos entrevistados e classificaram-se como satisfatórias as médias entre quatro e cinco, regulares entre dois e meio e três e meio e insatisfatórias entre um e dois. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 112 profissionais de saúde. Em informação, a participação da comunidade no tratamento foi considerada regular. Em conhecimento, a rotina do tratamento na unidade e a participação dos profissionais em treinamentos apresentaram classificação regular. Em inovação, a infraestrutura da unidade, o uso de recursos comunitários e a criação de estratégias para promover a adesão do doente ao tratamento obtiveram avaliação regular. As demais variáveis foram satisfatórias. Conclusão: A transferência do tratamento diretamente observado da tuberculose para a Atenção Primária à Saúde, no local estudado, vem ocorrendo gradativamente e com sucesso.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Enfermagem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Escola Enfermagem Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Enfermagem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2015/16225-7Web of Scienc

Illness experiences due to communicable chronic conditions: integrative literature review

The objective of this article is to identify and describe the illness experiences of people living with communicable chronic conditions. An integrative literature review was carried out in May 2015 in the PubMed, the Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS) and in the Scopus databases. Through the intersection of keywords and controlled descriptors, eight search strategies were conducted and resulted in the final selection of 12 articles, which were catalogued into two theme categories, in order to group matching themes: (1) experiences with communicable chronic conditions(2) coping strategies for communicable chronicle diseases. Stigma was identified as the most impacting experience in subjects' lives, which reverberated negatives feelings. In spite of their illness, subjects adopted healthy lifestyle habits and found support on religiosity/spirituality and on the dimensionality of time as a way to live harmoniously with diseases. We also noticed that the support network (family, health services) plays a key role in the process of living with communicable chronicle diseases. Since the diagnostic, the subjects experience negative feelings and sensations not only because of the fragileness that the disease imposes on their body but also because of the maintenance of the condition, which make them more vulnerable to discrimination, prejudice and stigma. It becomes necessary to strengthen the support network around the subject, in order to encourage improvements in the quality of life of people living with communicable diseases.O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e descrever as experiências de adoecimento de pessoas que vivem com condições crônicas transmissíveis. Revisão integrativa da literatura foi realizada em maio de 2015 nas bases de dados PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scopus. A partir do cruzamento de palavras-chave e de descritores controlados, foram adotadas oito estratégias de busca, que resultaram na seleção final de 12 artigos. Realizou-se fichamento dos artigos, sendo elaboradas duas categorias temáticas, tendo em vista o agrupamento de temas coincidentes: (1) experiências com as condições crônicas transmissíveis; e (2) estratégias de enfrentamento das condições crônicas transmissíveis. Identificou-se o estigma como sendo a experiência de maior impacto na vida dos sujeitos, o qual reverberou em sentimentos negativos. Apesar disso, os sujeitos adoecidos adotaram hábitos de vida saudáveis, bem como apoiaram-se na religiosidade/espiritualidade e no dimensionamento do tempo como forma de harmonizar sua convivência com as doenças. Observou-se, ainda, que a rede de apoio (família, serviços de saúde) tem papel fundamental na vivência das condições crônicas transmissíveis. Os sujeitos experimentam sensações e sentimentos negativos desde o diagnóstico, seja pela fragilidade que a doença impõe ao seu organismo, seja pela manutenção da condição que os torna mais vulneráveis à discriminação, ao preconceito e ao estigma. Torna-se necessário fortalecer a rede de apoio em torno do sujeito, no sentido de favorecer a melhoria na qualidade de vida das pessoas que vivem com condições crônicas transmissíveis.Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Enfermagem Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Enfermagem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Enfermagem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

A search for ultra-high-energy photons at the Pierre Auger Observatory exploiting air-shower universality

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive detector to primary photons with energies above ∼0.2 EeV. It measures extensive air showers using a hybrid technique that combines a fluorescence detector (FD) with a ground array of particle detectors (SD). The signatures of a photon-induced air shower are a larger atmospheric depth at the shower maximum (X$_{max}$) and a steeper lateral distribution function, along with a lower number of muons with respect to the bulk of hadron-induced background. Using observables measured by the FD and SD, three photon searches in different energy bands are performed. In particular, between threshold energies of 1-10 EeV, a new analysis technique has been developed by combining the FD-based measurement of X$_{max}$ with the SD signal through a parameter related to its muon content, derived from the universality of the air showers. This technique has led to a better photon/hadron separation and, consequently, to a higher search sensitivity, resulting in a tighter upper limit than before. The outcome of this new analysis is presented here, along with previous results in the energy ranges below 1 EeV and above 10 EeV. From the data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory in about 15 years of operation, the most stringent constraints on the fraction of photons in the cosmic flux are set over almost three decades in energy

Study on multi-ELVES in the Pierre Auger Observatory

Since 2013, the four sites of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory record ELVES with a dedicated trigger. These UV light emissions are correlated to distant lightning strikes. The length of recorded traces has been increased from 100 μs (2013), to 300 μs (2014-16), to 900 μs (2017-present), to progressively extend the observation of the light emission towards the vertical of the causative lightning and beyond. A large fraction of the observed events shows double ELVES within the time window, and, in some cases, even more complex structures are observed. The nature of the multi-ELVES is not completely understood but may be related to the different types of lightning in which they are originated. For example, it is known that Narrow Bipolar Events can produce double ELVES, and Energetic In-cloud Pulses, occurring between the main negative and upper positive charge layer of clouds, can induce double and even quadruple ELVES in the ionosphere. This report shows the seasonal and daily dependence of the time gap, amplitude ratio, and correlation between the pulse widths of the peaks in a sample of 1000+ multi-ELVES events recorded during the period 2014-20. The events have been compared with data from other satellite and ground-based sensing devices to study the correlation of their properties with lightning observables such as altitude and polarity