Índices hídricos climáticos para a viticultura

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of vineyard water indices in different grape-growing regions. The climate data used come from the historical series of weather stations located in 18 countries. The evaluated indices were the following: dryness, Zuluaga, humidity, aridity, moisture, and the grapevine water index. The grapevine water index and the indices of drought, moisture, and aridity exhibit similar performances, which makes them suitable to be used equivalently in climatological studies of grapevine regions.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de índices hídricos da videira em diversas regiões vitícolas. Os dados climáticos utilizados são provenientes das séries históricas de estações meteorológicas localizadas em 18 países. Avaliaram-se os seguintes índices: de seca, o de Zuluaga, o de excedente hídrico, de aridez, de umidade e o índice hídrico da videira. O índice hídrico da videira e os índices de seca, umidade e aridez apresentam desempenhos semelhantes, o que os torna passíveis de serem utilizados de forma equivalente em estudos climatológicos de regiões vitivinícolas

Sisal Bole Rot: An Important but Neglected Disease

Sisal (Agave sisalana) is one of the main sources of hard natural fibre and raw materials for the industry, medicine and handicrafts. Sisal yields a coarse and strong fibre that is increasingly being used in composite materials for automobiles, furniture, construction and plastic and paper products. Extracts of sisal contain substances with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities. Sisal is adapted to warm environments with low rainfall and is an excellent option for cultivation in semiarid conditions, where other crops cannot be grown. The world’s largest sisal producers are Brazil, Tanzania, China, Kenya and Madagascar. Sisal is a labour-intensive crop with great socio-economical importance as it is cultivated in poor areas employing familiar labour. Sisal bole rot is the main disease of sisal, responsible for substantial losses in producing countries. The disease is caused by certain species of the genus Aspergillus, especially the ones belonging in the section Nigri. The main symptoms are yellowing of the aerial parts and the red-coloured rot of the bole, which causes the plant to die. In this review we are going to address the taxonomy of the causal agents, disease diagnosis and epidemiology and disease management, with emphasis on biological control

Complete genome sequence of the biocontrol agent Serratia marcescens strain N4–5 uncovers an assembly artefact

Serratia marcescens are gram-negative bacteria found in several environmental niches, including the plant rhizosphere and patients in hospitals. Here, we present the genome of Serratia marcescens strain N4–5 (=NRRL B-65519), which has a size of 5,074,473 bp (664-fold coverage) and contains 4840 protein coding genes, 21 RNA genes, and an average G + C content of 59.7%. N4–5 harbours a plasmid of 11,089 bp and 43.5% G + C content that encodes six unique CDS repeated 2.5× times totalling 13 CDS. Our genome assembly and manual curation uncovered the insertion of two extra copies of the 5S rRNA gene in the assembled sequence, which was confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing to be a misassembly. This artefact was subsequently removed from the final assembly. The occurrence of extra copies of the 5S rRNA gene was also observed in most complete genomes of Serratia spp. deposited in public databases in our comparative analysis. These elements, which also occur naturally, can easily be confused with true genetic variation. Efforts to discover and correct assembly artefacts should be made in order to generate genome sequences that represent the biological truth underlying the studied organism. We present the genome of N4–5 and discuss genes potentially involved in biological control activity against plant pathogens and also the possible mechanisms responsible for the artefact we observed in our initial assembly. This report raises awareness about the extra copies of the 5S rRNA gene in sequenced bacterial genomes as they may represent misassemblies and therefore should be verified experimentally. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s42770-020-00382-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Transporte de sedimentos na bacia cênica do rio formoso em Bonito/Ms / Sediment transport in the scenic beautiful river basin in Bonito/Ms

O transporte de sedimentos em bacias hidrográficas está diretamente relacionado à morfologia, topografia, cobertura vegetal e composição do solo; fatores esses que influenciam diretamente na quantidade de sedimentos que atingem os leitos dos corpos d'água de bacias hidrográficas, os quais comprometem a qualidade da água. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a sazonalidade da produção de sedimentos tanto na estação seca quanto na estação chuvosa, na bacia cênica do Rio Formoso no município de Bonito - MS, que além de ter o abastecimento de água potável do município a partir do Rio Formoso conta com o turismo para fazer parte da economia local. Cinco pontos de amostragem foram escolhidos, onde a descarga líquida, a amostragem de sedimento em suspensão e a amostragem de sedimentos no leito foram realizadas, sendo possível calcular a vazão total diária de sólidos em cada ponto. Analisando as descargas de sedimentos, pode-se observar que, com exceção do período seco do segundo ponto, todos os demais pontos em ambos os períodos apresentaram predomínio na descarga do leito sólido, devido à predominância do solo arenoso da região que proporciona sedimentação nos corpos d'água e justificando a maior quantidade de sedimentos transportados pelo fundo em relação àqueles transportados em suspensão. Na estação chuvosa houve grande aumento na quantidade de sedimentos transportados diariamente em relação à estação seca, sugerindo uma influência direta da chuva na produção de sedimentos. Os resultados mostraram a alta capacidade de produção de sedimentos no período chuvoso, com exceção dos pontos um e quatro, e a baixa capacidade de transporte de sedimentos no período seco nos pontos um, dois, três, ponto quatro apresenta capacidade média de produção e cinco pontos alta capacidade de produção de sedimentos, sendo necessário tomar decisões diferentes entre os pontos da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Formoso. 

Allocation of phytomass and growth of cashier clones irrigated with water of different salinities

A produção de porta-enxerto de cajueiro na região semiárida do nordeste brasileiro, onde as águas disponíveis para irrigação geralmente são salinas, está na dependência de clones de cajueiro adaptados as condições edafoclimáticas locais. Desse modo, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa, avaliar os efeitos da irrigação com águas de salinidades crescentes sob a alocação de fitomassa e crescimento de diferentes clones de cajueiros. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do CCTA/UFCG, Campus Pombal – PB, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, cujos tratamentos consistiram em diferentes níveis de condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,3; 1,0; 1,7; 2,4 e 3,1 dS m-1) associados a distintos clones de cajueiro (CCP 76, Embrapa 51, Faga 11 e Crioulo), com três repetições e duas plantas por parcela. A salinidade da água de irrigação de até 1,30 dS m-1 proporciona perdas aceitáveis de 10% na alocação de fitomassa e crescimento dos clones de cajueiro. A alocação de fitomassa seca de folha e a razão de aérea foliar foram aumentadas pelo acréscimo de sais na água de irrigação. O porta-enxerto de cajueiro Crioulo apresenta maior acumulo de fitomassa seca total aos 65 dias após semeio.Cashew rootstock production in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, where the waters available for irrigation are generally saline, is dependent on cashew clones adapted to local edaphoclimatic conditions. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with increasing salinity waters under the phytomass allocation and growth of different cashew clones. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of CCTA / UFCG, Campus Pombal - PB, using a randomized block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, whose treatments consisted of different levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - CEa (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) associated with different cashew clones (CCP 76, Embrapa 51, Faga 11 and Creole), with three replications and two plants. by parcel. Irrigation water salinity up to 1.30 dS m-1 provides acceptable losses of 10% in the phytomass allocation and growth of cashew clones. Dry leaf phytomass allocation and leaf air ratio were increased by salt addition in irrigation water. The Crioulo cashew rootstock has the highest total dry phytomass accumulation at 65 days after sowing

Fontes de resitência a Crinipellis perniciosa em progênies de cacaueiros coletados na Amazônia brasileira

The witches' broom disease caused by the fungus Crinipellis perniciosa is the main phytossanitary constraint for cacao production in Brazil. The integrated management of the disease involves resistance as one of the components. The breeding program conducted by the Brazilian Institution, CEPLAC is directed toward the pyramidation of resistance genes from different sources to achieve a more durable resistance. This study aimed to identify sources of resistance in progenies of cacao accessions collected in the basins of ten Amazonian rivers and compared to progenies from the Peruvian clones 'Scavina 6' and 'Sacavina 12'. Progenies from 40 Amazonian accessions and 'Scavina' were evaluated in the field for six years for witches' broom resistance through multivariate and repeated measurement analyses evaluating the effect of progeny, area, block, year, and their interactions. There were differences in the mean number of vegetative brooms on some Amazonian progenies and 'Scavina' descendants. There was an increase in the number of vegetative brooms in the last year for 'Scavina' progenies, but that was not observed for the Amazonian progenies 64, 66, 156, 194, 195, 269 and 274. There were different gene/alleles for resistance in the Amazonian progenies in comparison to the traditional 'Scavina' accessions. These new sources of resistance will be important for pyramiding resistance genes and consequently increasing the stability and durability of the resistance to witches' broom.A doença vassoura-de-bruxa, causada pelo fungo Crinipellis perniciosa, é o principal problema fitossanitário para o cultivo do cacaueiro no Brasil. O manejo integrado da doença envolve a resistência como um dos componentes. O programa de melhoramento genético do cacaueiro conduzido pela Instituição brasileira CEPLAC é direcionado para acumular genes de resistência de diferentes fontes visando à obtenção de uma resistência mais durável. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar novas fontes de resistência em progênies de acessos de cacau da Amazônia brasileira. Os acessos foram coletados em dez bacias hidrográficas da Amazônia e comparados com progênies de 'Scavina 6' e 'Scavina 12', do Peru. Progênies de 40 acessos amazônicos e de 'Scavina' foram avaliadas no campo por seis anos para resistência à vassoura-de-bruxa, através de análise multivariada e de medidas repetidas considerando os efeitos de progênie, ensaio, bloco, ano e suas interações. Houve diferenças no número de vassouras vegetativas em algumas das progênies amazônicas e de 'Scavina'. Houve também incremento no número de vassouras para os descendentes de 'Scavina' no último ano do experimento, fato não observado para as progênies dos clones amazônicos 64, 66, 156, 194, 195, 269 e 274. Existem diferentes genes/alelos de resistência em progênies amazônicas e em descendentes do tradicional 'Scavina'. As novas fontes de resistência serão importantes para a piramidação de genes/alelos para a ampliação da estabilidade e durabilidade da resistência

Effects of pneumoperitoneum and trendelenburg position on intraocular pressure (IOP) in isofluorane anesthetised cats

The aim of this study was to determine whether a pneumoperitoneum of 10 mmHg combined or not with the Trendelenburg position could lead to significant changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular pressure perfusion (OPP), and cardiorespiratory variables; as well as determine whether a correlation exists between IOP and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and/or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) in cats. Animals were allocated in two groups (n=7/group): GC (without inclination) and GTREN (Trendelenburg position). The variables were recorded before (baseline) and during 30 minutes (T5-T30) after insufflation. In GTREN, a reduction in heart rate was observed at T5 and in respiratory rate at T5 and T15. There was an increase in IOP at T5-T30 in comparison to baseline. There was a reduction in potential of hydrogen in arterial blood in both groups at all times in comparison to baseline. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood was increased at T15-T30 in GC and at T5-T30 in GTREN. In conclusion, the pneumoperitoneum of 10mmHg CO2 did not significantly affect IOP or OPP in cats anaesthetised with isofluorane and kept under spontaneous ventilation. However, induced pneumoperitoneum combined with Trendelenburg position resulted in an increase in IOP in cats subjected to the same anaesthetic conditions, but did not affect OPP

Refletindo sobre a importância do apoio social para a saúde do homem do campo / Reflecting on the importance of social support for the health of rural men

OBJETIVO:refletir sobre a importância do apoio social para a saúdedo homem no meio rural brasileiro.Metodologia:estudo de revisão bibliográfica baseado em obras que abordassem a temática em questão, para servir de alicerce teórico para subsidiar o pensamento dos autores.  Realizada busca em ambiente virtual, nas bases eletrônicas Lilacs e Pubmed e Scielo publicadas  de  2014  a  2018.  Resultados: Percebe-se que apoio social é aspecto ainda pouco abordado nos grupos populacionais masculinos, ainda menos quando se analisam os que habitam o meio rural brasileiro. Considerações finais: a partir dos levantamentos bibliográficos realizados nesse estudo, pôde-se constatar que homem do campo, assim como homens de outros meios, sofre com questões de saúde de grande relevância, retratadas e expostas por políticas criadas, ainda incipientes e referentes a aspectos relacionados ao paradigma biomédico. 

COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: Peering through the waves

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with HIV, and to compare with a paired sample without HIV infection. Methods: This is a substudy of a Brazilian multicentric cohort that comprised two periods (2020 and 2021). Data was obtained through the retrospective review of medical records. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death. Patients with HIV and controls were matched for age, sex, number of comorbidities, and hospital of origin using the technique of propensity score matching (up to 4:1). They were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon for numerical variables. Results: Throughout the study, 17,101 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, and 130 (0.76%) of those were infected with HIV. The median age was 54 (IQR: 43.0;64.0) years in 2020 and 53 (IQR: 46.0;63.5) years in 2021, with a predominance of females in both periods. People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their controls showed similar prevalence for admission to the ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in the two periods, with no significant differences. In 2020, in-hospital mortality was higher in the PLHIV compared to the controls (27.9% vs. 17.7%; p = 0.049), but there was no difference in mortality between groups in 2021 (25.0% vs. 25.1%; p > 0.999). Conclusions: Our results reiterate that PLHIV were at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in the early stages of the pandemic, however, this finding did not sustain in 2021, when the mortality rate is similar to the control group