O conselho naval no oitocentos: propostas para o estudo da relação entre civis e militares no Império

This essay aims to propose some reflections about the possibilities of study on the military and military institutions from the social history. Using the Naval Council, an advisory body created in the organizational structure of the Secretariat of State for the Navy in the Second Empire, we propose the study of the relationship between civilians and military from the first insertion of the military. In addition to widespread ignorance about the role of this institution to the Navy Ministry and the Imperial State in general, does not know the role of the Naval Council of monarchy among the institutions through which circulated the elites of the Empire, because, since its Initially, the institution in question was occupied by great personalities such as the Viscount of Rio Branco and Zacarias de Goes e Vasconcelos

Gender and Hemispheric Asymmetries in Acquired Sociopathy

The emergence of enduring antisocial personality changes in previously normal individuals, or “acquired sociopathy,” has consistently been reported in patients with bilateral injuries of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Over the past three decades, cases of acquired sociopathy with (a) bilateral or (b) unilateral sparing of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex have been reported. These cases indicate that at least in a few individuals (a') neural structures beyond the ventromedial prefrontal cortex are also critical for normal social behavior, and (b') the neural underpinnings of social cognition may be lateralized to one cerebral hemisphere. Moreover, researchers have presented evidence that lesion laterality and gender may interact in the production of acquired sociopathy. In the present review, we carried out a comprehensive literature survey seeking possible interactions between gender and hemispheric asymmetry in acquired sociopathy. We found 85 cases of acquired sociopathy due to bilateral (N = 48) and unilateral (N = 37) hemispheric injuries. A significant association between acquired sociopathy and right hemisphere damage was found in men, whereas lesions were bilateral in most women with acquired sociopathy. The present survey shows that: (i) the number of well-documented single-cases of acquired sociopathy is surprisingly small given the length of the historical record; (ii) acquired sociopathy was significantly more frequent in men after an injury of the right or of both cerebral hemispheres; and (iii) in most women who developed acquired sociopathy the injuries affected both cerebral hemispheres. These findings may be especially valuable to neuroscientists and to functional neurosurgeons in particular for the planning of tumor resections as well as for the choice of the best targets for therapeutic neuromodulation

Utilidade da estesiometria corneal na triagem da retinopatia diabética

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of corneal esthesiometry for screening diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 575 patients attending a diabetic retinopathy-screening program in the city of São Paulo. Corneal esthesiometry was assessed with the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. The presence of diabetic retinopathy was detected with indirect fundoscopy. The validity of corneal esthesiometry in identifying diabetic retinopathy was evaluated by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity analyses of the corneal esthesiometry for detecting the stages of diabetic retinopathy using different cut-offs showed values less than 80%. The best indices (72.2% sensitivity and 57.4% specificity) were obtained for the identification of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: In the study series, corneal esthesiometry was not a good indicator of diabetic retinopathy.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilidade da estesiometria corneal na triagem da retinopatia diabética. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal (N=575) em um programa de triagem de retinopatia diabética da Cidade de São Paulo, SP. A sensibilidade corneal foi aferida utilizando-se o estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet. A avaliação da retinopatia diabética foi obtida por meio da fundoscopia indireta. A validade do uso da estesiometria corneal na identificação de pacientes com retinopatia diabética foi avaliada por meio de curvas de sensibilidade e especificidade (Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve). RESULTADOS: A análise da sensibilidade e da especificidade da estesiometria corneal na detecção dos diferentes graus de retinopatia, utilizando-se diferentes pontos de corte, mostrou resultados inferiores a 80%. O melhor resultado obtido ocorreu na identificação de pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa, mostrando sensibilidade de 72,2% e especificidade de 57,4%. CONCLUSÕES: Na série analisada, a estesiometria corneal não se mostrou um bom indicador da presença da retinopatia diabética.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de OftalmologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de OftalmologiaSciEL

Utilidade da estesiometria corneal na triagem da retinopatia diabética

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilidade da estesiometria corneal na triagem da retinopatia diabética. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal (N=575) em um programa de triagem de retinopatia diabética da Cidade de São Paulo, SP. A sensibilidade corneal foi aferida utilizando-se o estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet. A avaliação da retinopatia diabética foi obtida por meio da fundoscopia indireta. A validade do uso da estesiometria corneal na identificação de pacientes com retinopatia diabética foi avaliada por meio de curvas de sensibilidade e especificidade (Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve). RESULTADOS: A análise da sensibilidade e da especificidade da estesiometria corneal na detecção dos diferentes graus de retinopatia, utilizando-se diferentes pontos de corte, mostrou resultados inferiores a 80%. O melhor resultado obtido ocorreu na identificação de pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa, mostrando sensibilidade de 72,2% e especificidade de 57,4%. CONCLUSÕES: Na série analisada, a estesiometria corneal não se mostrou um bom indicador da presença da retinopatia diabética.OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of corneal esthesiometry for screening diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 575 patients attending a diabetic retinopathy-screening program in the city of São Paulo. Corneal esthesiometry was assessed with the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. The presence of diabetic retinopathy was detected with indirect fundoscopy. The validity of corneal esthesiometry in identifying diabetic retinopathy was evaluated by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity analyses of the corneal esthesiometry for detecting the stages of diabetic retinopathy using different cut-offs showed values less than 80%. The best indices (72.2% sensitivity and 57.4% specificity) were obtained for the identification of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: In the study series, corneal esthesiometry was not a good indicator of diabetic retinopathy

Jerônimo de Albuquerque e o comando da força naval contra os franceses no Maranhão

This paper analyzes the history of Jerônimo de Albuquerque, who commanded a naval force against the French who occupied Maranhão in 1612, led by Daniel de La Touche, Lord of La Ravardière

O conceito de conceito na formação de professores de Biologia: apontamentos a partir da psicologia histórico-cultural e da pedagogia histórico-crítica

O ensaio objetiva discutir o conceito de conceito à luz da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e as implicações do pensamento conceitual para a formação de professores de Biologia. A discussão indica que os conceitos devem ser compreendidos como modos explicativos em movimento, formulados e compartilhados pela humanidade no seio de sua atividade sócio-histórica. Os conceitos científicos devem ser apropriados através das máximas possibilidades criadas pela Educação Escolar. Os docentes precisam dominar os conceitos da ciência que ensinam, e intencionalmente convertê-los em saber escolarizado com vista ao desenvolvimento humano integral dos(as) educandos(as)

International Neurotrauma Training Based on North-South Collaborations: Results of an Inter-institutional Program in the Era of Global Neurosurgery.

Objective: Shortage of general neurosurgery and specialized neurotrauma care in low resource settings is a critical setback in the national surgical plans of low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Neurotrauma fellowship programs typically exist in high-income countries (HIC), where surgeons who fulfill the requirements for positions regularly stay to practice. Due to this issue, neurosurgery residents and medical students from LMICs do not have regular access to this kind of specialized training and knowledge-hubs. The objective of this paper is to present the results of a recently established neurotrauma fellowship program for neurosurgeons of LMICs in the framework of global neurosurgery collaborations, including the involvement of specialized parallel education for neurosurgery residents and medical students. Methods: The Global Neurotrauma Fellowship (GNTF) program was inaugurated in 2015 by a multi-institutional collaboration between a HIC and an LMIC. The course organizers designed it to be a 12-month program based on adapted neurotrauma international competencies with the academic support of the Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Meditech Foundation in Colombia. Since 2018, additional support from the UK, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Global Health Research in Neurotrauma Project from the University of Cambridge enhanced the infrastructure of the program, adding a research component in global neurosurgery and system science. Results: Eight fellows from Brazil, Venezuela, Cuba, Pakistan, and Colombia have been trained and certified via the fellowship program. The integration of international competencies and exposure to different systems of care in high-income and low-income environments creates a unique environment for training within a global neurosurgery framework. Additionally, 18 residents (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Cuba, Germany, Spain, and the USA), and ten medical students (the United Kingdom, USA, Australia, and Colombia) have also participated in elective rotations of neurotrauma and critical care during the time of the fellowship program, as well as in research projects as part of an established global surgery initiative. Conclusion: We have shown that it is possible to establish a neurotrauma fellowship program in an LMIC based on the structure of HIC formal training programs. Adaptation of the international competencies focusing on neurotrauma care in low resource settings and maintaining international mentoring and academic support will allow the participants to return to practice in their home-based countries

The Effect of Different Bleaching Treatments and Thermal-Mechanical Cycling on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets

Objective:The aim of the present study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to the enamel after at-home and in-office bleaching treatments.Methods:Sixty bovine incisors were subjected to initial color readings and then classified into three groups: CP (16% carbamide peroxide), HP (35% hydrogen peroxide), and C (control). After treatments, new color readout was obtained, and orthodontic brackets were bonded to the bleached area. Half of the samples of each group (n=10) were subjected to thermal-mechanical cycling (TMC) testing (1,200,000 cycles; 44.2 N; 2 Hz/s), whereas the other half were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. Samples were subjected to the SBS test at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. The mean SBS was analyzed (two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni test, p0.05) in SBS values between the samples subjected to TMC and the cycled samples in any group. Samples subjected to carbamide peroxide presented lower SBS (p<0.05) than the non-cycled ones. Enamel adhesive fractures were higher in the bleached groups than in the control group, which presented mixed fractures prevalence, regardless of whether it was subjected to TMC or not.Conclusion:Thermal-mechanical cycling was not significant for SBS of orthodontic brackets, but tooth bleaching was a factor

Unraveling the Mysteries of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient: The Return

The principal aim of this paper is to develop the discussion regarding Pearson correlation coefficient. To do so, we present its main characteristics, applications and limits. Methodologically, we employ basic simulation to demonstrate how outliers can both hide real correlation and make up false associations. In addition, we review the analytical shortcomings of spurious correlation. With this paper we hope to facilitate not only the interpretation, but also the application of correlation technique in Political ScienceO principal objetivo desse trabalho é aprofundar a discussão a respeito do conceito de correlação de Pearson. Para tanto, apresentamos as suas propriedades, aplicações e limites. Metodologicamente, utilizamos simulação básica para demonstrar como a presença de outliers pode tanto ocultar correlações reais quanto forjar associações inexistentes. Além disso, discutimos os perigos analíticos das correlações espúrias. Com esse artigo esperamos facilitar não só a interpretação, mas também a utilização da técnica de correlação na Ciência Polític