Computing Practices in Statistics I and Statistics II Business and Management Degree Faculty of Economy and Business University of Barcelona

List of computing practices that we develop in different courses of Statistics in the Business and Management degree. It covers descriptive analysis using MicroSoftExcel, computing probabilities using MicroSoftExcel, computing confidence Intervals using MicroSoftExcel and carrying out statistics test hypothesis using Gretl

The Zipf-Polylog distribution: Modeling human interactions through social networks

The Zipf distribution attracts considerable attention because it helps describe data from natural as well as man-made systems. Nevertheless, in most of the cases the Zipf is only appropriate to fit data in the upper tail. This is why it is important to dispose of Zipf extensions that allow to fit the data in its entire range. In this paper, we introduce the Zipf-Polylog family of distributions as a two-parameter generalization of the Zipf. The extended family contains the Zipf, the geometric, the logarithmic series and the shifted negative binomial with two successes, as particular distributions. We deduce important properties of the new family and demonstrate its suitability by analyzing the degree sequence of two real networks in all its range.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Randomly stopped extreme Zipf extensions

In this paper, we extend the Zipf distribution by means of the Randomly Stopped Extreme mechanism; we establish the conditions under which the maximum and minimum families of distributions intersect in the original family; and we demonstrate how to generate data from the extended family using any Zipf random number generator. We study in detail the particular cases of geometric and positive Poisson stopping distributions, showing that, in log-log scale, the extended models allow for top-concavity (top-convexity) while maintaining linearity in the tail. We prove the suitability of the models presented, by fitting the degree sequences in a collaboration and a protein-protein interaction networks. The proposed models not only give a good fit, but they also allow for extracting interesting insights related to the data generation mechanism.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

A double closed loop to enhance the quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients: REMPARK system

This paper presents REMPARK system, a novel approach to deal with Parkinson's Disease (PD). REMPARK system comprises two closed loops of actuation onto PD. The first loop consists in a wearable system that, based on a belt-worn movement sensor, detects movement alterations that activate an auditory cueing system controlled by a smartphone in order to improve patient's gait. The belt-worn sensor analyzes patient's movement through real-time learning algorithms that were developed on the basis of a database previously collected from 93 PD patients. The second loop consists in disease management based on the data collected during long periods and that enables neurologists to tailor medication of their PD patients and follow the disease evolution. REMPARK system is going to be tested in 40 PD patients in Spain, Ireland, Italy and Israel. This paper describes the approach followed to obtain this system, its components, functionalities and trials in which the system will be validated.Postprint (published version

Defining the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in COPD: a systematic literature review

COPD is characterized by a pulmonary and systemic inflammatory process. Several authors have reported the elevation of multiple inflammatory markers in patients with COPD; however, their use in routine clinical practice has limitations. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a useful and cost-effective inflammatory marker derived from routine complete blood count. We performed a systematic literature review using the PRISMA statement. Twenty-two articles were included, recruiting 7,601 COPD patients and 784 healthy controls. Compared with controls, COPD patients had significantly higher NLR values. We found a significant correlation between the NLR and clinical/functional parameters (FEV1, mMRC, and BODE index) in COPD patients. Elevation of the NLR is associated with the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of COPD (pooled data propose a cut-off value of 3.34 with a median sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 80%, 86%, and 0.86, respectively). Additionally, increased NLR is also associated with the diagnosis of a bacterial infection in exacerbated patients, with a cut-off value of 7.30, although with a low sensitivity and specificity. The NLR is an independent predictor of in-hospital and late mortality after exacerbation. In conclusion, the NLR could be a useful marker in COPD patients; however, further studies are needed to better identify the clinical value of the NLR

Chronological brain lesions after SARS-CoV-2 infection in hACE2-transgenic mice

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes respiratory disease, but it can also affect other organs including the central nervous system. Several animal models have been developed to address different key questions related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Wild-type mice are minimally susceptible to certain SARS-CoV-2 lineages (beta and gamma variants), whereas hACE2-transgenic mice succumb to SARS-CoV-2 and develop a fatal neurological disease. In this article, we aimed to chronologically characterize SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and neuropathology. Necropsies were performed at different time points, and the brain and olfactory mucosa were processed for histopathological analysis. SARS-CoV-2 virological assays including immunohistochemistry were performed along with a panel of antibodies to assess neuroinflammation. At 6 to 7 days post inoculation (dpi), brain lesions were characterized by nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and diffuse astrogliosis and microgliosis. Vasculitis and thrombosis were also present and associated with occasional microhemorrhages and spongiosis. Moreover, there was vacuolar degeneration of virus-infected neurons. At 2 dpi, SARS-CoV-2 immunolabeling was only found in the olfactory mucosa, but at 4 dpi intraneuronal virus immunolabeling had already reached most of the brain areas. Maximal distribution of the virus was observed throughout the brain at 6 to 7 dpi except for the cerebellum, which was mostly spared. Our results suggest an early entry of the virus through the olfactory mucosa and a rapid interneuronal spread of the virus leading to acute encephalitis and neuronal damage in this mouse model.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The CBIG Consortium (constituted by IRTA-CReSA, BSC, and IrsiCaixa) is supported by Grifols pharmaceutical. The authors also acknowledge the crowdfunding initiative of https://www.yomecorono.com.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 12 autors/es: Enric Vidal*, Carlos López-Figueroa*, Jordi Rodon, Mónica Pérez, Marco Brustolin, Guillermo Cantero, Víctor Guallar, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Jorge Carrillo, Julià Blanco, Bonaventura Clotet, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Joaquim Segalés"Postprint (published version

Prevalência de genótipos de HPV em lesões pré-invasivas com alto grau de malignidade e câncer de colo do útero na população do Hospital de Clínicas. Montevidéu, Uruguai.

Natalia Pérez Pérez1:Prof. Adj de la Clínica Ginecotocológica B. Responsable de la Policlínica de Tracto Genital Inferior e Histeroscopia del Hospital de Clínicas. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-4166-3578 -- Sofía Tedesco: Licenciada Bioquímica Clínica Sofía Tedesco Directora del departamento de análisis clínicos de ATGen. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-7119-1030 -- Fernando González: Jefe de la Unidad de Ginecotocología del Sanatorio Mautone. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-0248-5024 -- Juan M López Jordi: Docente colaborador calificado de la Clínica Ginecotocológica B. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-3908-9968 -- Grazzia Rey: Prof. Agda. Clínica Ginecotocológica B. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-5970-6302 -- AGRADECIMIENTOS: Laboratorio ATGen, Natalia Caballero Lic. en Estadística. -- CONFLICTOS DE INTERÉS: Declaramos no tener ningún conflicto de interés. Este trabajo fue financiado por el Laboratorio ATGen donde se realizó la tipificación de HPV.El Cáncer de Cuello Uterino (CCU) es un problema de Salud pública a nivel mundial. Su indiscutible asociación con el Virus del papiloma humano (HPV) hace necesario su estudio. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la prevalencia de los diferentes genotipos de HPV, en lesiones pre invasoras de alto grado de malignidad (HSIL) y/o cáncer de cuello uterino. Material y Métodos: Todas las Mujeres que fueron derivadas a policlínica de TGI del H Clínicas entre enero del 2011 y diciembre de 2012, por un PAP sospechoso de lesión y en las que se confirmó luego un HSIL o cáncer cervical fueron tipificadas. Se recabaron datos de edad, tipo de lesión y genotipificación. La extracción de ADN viral se realizó a partir de muestras cérvico-vaginales conservadas en medio de transporte comercial (Sacace) mediante el kit QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN). Se buscaron 14 genotipos de alto riesgo. Resultados: Se tipificaron 75 pacientes, 19 con CCU y 56 con HSIL. El HPV 16 fue el más prevalente en un 61,5 % para las infecciones únicas y en un casi 100 % para las múltiples y un 60% para el total de las lesiones, seguido en prevalencia por los HPV 31,33 y 45. El HPV 18 fue muy poco prevalente. Conclusiones: En esta muestra, la prevalencia del HPV 16 está acorde con las publicaciones nacionales siendo el más frecuente. El HPV 18 tiene muy baja prevalencia siendo 2 casos en 75, siempre en infecciones múltiples.Cervical Cancer (CC) is a public health problem worldwide. Its indisputable association with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) makes its study necessary. The objective of this work is to know the prevalence of the different HPV genotypes, in pre-invasive high-grade malignant lesions (HSIL) and/or cervical cancer. Methods: All women who were referred to Low genital tract service in the Hospital de Clínicas between January 2011 and December 2012, for a PAP suspected of injury and in which HSIL or cervical cancer was later confirmed were typified. Data on age, type of lesion and genotyping were collected. The viral DNA extraction was carried out from cervico-vaginal samples preserved in commercial transport medium (Sacace) using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN). 14 high-risk genotypes were searched. Results: 75 patients were typified, 19 with CCU and 56 with HSIL. HPV 16 was the most prevalent in 61.5% for single infections and almost 100% for multiple infections and 60% for all lesions, followed in prevalence by HPV 31,33 and 45. The HPV 18 was very rare. Conclusions: In this sample, the prevalence of HPV 16 is in accordance with national publications, being the most frequent. HPV 18 has a very low prevalence, being 2 cases in 75, always in multiple infections.O câncer cervical é um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. E um câncer com uma ligação comprovada com o vírus do papiloma humano. O objetivo é conhecer a prevalência dos diferentes genótipos do HPV em mulheres que apresentam neoplasias pré-invasivas de alto grau e câncer de colo do útero, que foram tratadas e diagnosticadas no Hospital de Clínicas entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2012. Material e Métodos: o estudo foi realizado em 75 pacientes do Hospital de Clinicas, com diagnóstico histológico de Câncer Cervical e lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau para as quais foi realizado o tipageme do HPV alto risco. Resultados: 75 pacientes foram tipificados, 19 com CCU e 56 com HSIL. O HPV 16 foi o mais prevalente em 61,5% para infecções únicas e quase 100% para infecções múltiplas e 60% para todas as lesões, seguido em prevalência pelo HPV 31,33 e 45. O HPV 18 era muito raro. Conclusões: Nesta amostra, a prevalência do HPV 16 está de acordo com as publicações nacionais, sendo a mais frequente. O HPV 18 tem prevalência muito baixa, sendo 2 casos em 75, sempre em infecções múltipla