The existence of rational expectations equilibrium: a retrospective

This paper provides a selective review of theoretical research on the consistency of rational expectations equilibrium and its properties in microeconomic models. The general equilibrium framework is emphasized throughout the paper. After defining rational expectations equilibrium for a pure exchange economy, the paper presents a simple counterexample to illustrate that rational expectations equilibria need not exist. Results are summarized for the generic existence of fully revealing rational expectations equilibria in smooth economies satisfying additional dimensionality assumptions. Then the rational expectations equilibrium existence problem is related to earlier analysis of informationally decentralized allocation mechanisms. Next the efficiency properties of rational expectations equilibrium allocations are examined. Finally, the possibilities for partially revealing rational expectations equilibria are discussed.Equilibrium (Economics) - Mathematical models ; Rational expectations (Economic theory)

Effect of Water on Esterification Conversion Efficiency of Triglycerides to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

Undergraduate Basi

Is the End Just the Beginning? NIL Changes and the New World of Intercollegiate Athletics

Since the beginning of the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (“NCAA”) formation, student-athletes have been prohibited from profiting off their name, image, and likeness (“NIL”). After years of lawsuits, the United States Supreme Court narrowly sided with student-athletes in _NCAA v. Alston_, holding that the NCAA violated the law by limiting the education-related benefits that schools could offer to student-athletes. While this holding was important, the most significant aspect of this opinion derives from Justice Brett Kavanaugh’s concurrence, which stated that the NCAA is not above the law. The release of this opinion created a ripple effect in which many states enacted legislation allowing student-athletes to be compensated for their NIL. As of today, no federal laws have been enacted to regulate this market, and state laws vary from state to state. As one might expect, this has created an unlevel playing field among student-athletes in different states. Moreover, another issue has arisen, and it goes by the name of “collective.” This note proceeds in four sections. First, it outlines the history of the NCAA and how it became what it is today. It then discusses the NCAA’s laws as well as state laws surrounding student-athlete compensation. The note then focuses on collectives, explaining what they are, how they impact college sports, and the issues that often arise through them. Lastly, this note concludes by proposing federal legislation that attempts to aid in regulating the NIL market, specifically collectives

Burnout, Motivation, and Self-Handicapping in Collegiate Club Athletes

The purpose of this studywas to investigate the relationships among burnout, motivation, and self-handicapping in collegiate club athletes.Male and female collegiate club athletes (N= 67; ages 18-29) from two sports (rugby and volleyball) at a Midwestern University completed a battery of questionnaires at one time point that included a demographics questionnaire, the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), Sport Motivation Scale – 2 (SMS-2), and Self-Handicapping Scale (SHS).Results of independent t-tests and one-way ANOVAs revealed that there were no significant gender or sport differences in athletic burnout, motivation, and self-handicapping. The data from both genders and sport teams was then collapsed into a single sample for further data analysis. Bivariate correlations were used to examine the relationship between each of the variables and a stepwise multiple regression was used to determinewhether burnout and motivation were significant predictors of self-handicapping. Results of bivariate correlations found that factors of athletic burnout were positively correlated with amotivation, emotional/physical exhaustion (r= .357), reduced sense of accomplishment (r= .349), sport devaluation (r= .410), global sport index (r= .497). Bivariate correlations also found that factors of athletic burnout were also negatively correlated with intrinsic motivation, sport devaluation (r= -.464), global burnout index (r= -.410). Correlation results showed that athletes with higher trait self-handicapping reported higher reduced sense of accomplishment (r= .379) and global burnout index levels (r= .303). Additionally, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that self-handicapping scores may be predicted by subscales of burnout and motivation(R² = .238, R²­adj= .214, F(2,64) = 9.98, p \u3c .001). The results of this study suggest that athletes with high levels of athletic burnout and extrinsic forms of motivation may lead athletes to engage in self-handicapping strategies. Overall, this study showed that there are significant relationships between the variables of athletic burnout, motivation, and self-handicapping

“I don’t want to look sick skinny”: Perceptions of body image and weight loss in Hispanics living with HIV in South Texas

Objective: Obesity is rising in people with HIV (PLWH) and Hispanics. Both HIV and obesity are associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Our goal is to understand perceptions of body image and lifestyle in Hispanics with HIV to adapt interventions appropriately. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 Hispanic PLWH and 6 providers. Purposive sampling selected patient participants across weights and genders. Interviews were coded and analyzed using grounded theory, comparing perspectives between patients with and without obesity, and patients and providers. Results: Participants felt obesity and diabetes were “normal” in the community. Patients exhibited understanding of healthy diet and lifestyle but felt incapable of maintaining either. Traditionally Hispanic foods were blamed for local obesity prevalence. Five patients equated weight with health and weight loss with illness, and four expressed concerns that weight loss could lead to unintentional disclosure of HIV status. Participants with overweight or obesity expressed awareness of their weight and felt shamed by providers. Providers found weight loss interventions to be ineffective. Conclusion: Interventions in this population must address identified barriers: overweight/obesity as a normative value, lack of self-efficacy, cultural beliefs surrounding food, fear of HIV-associated weight loss and stigma, and provider perspectives on intervention futility

Small volume laboratory on a chip measurements incorporating the quartz crystal microbalance to measure the viscosity-density product of room temperature ionic liquids

A microfluidic glass chip system incorporating a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to measure the square root of the viscosity-density product of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is presented. The QCM covers a central recess on a glass chip, with a seal formed by tightly clamping from above outside the sensing region. The change in resonant frequency of the QCM allows for the determination of the square root viscosity-density product of RTILs to a limit of ∼ 10 kg m−2 s−0.5. This method has reduced the sample size needed for characterization from 1.5 ml to only 30 μl and allows the measurement to be made in an enclosed system

Khidmat masyarakat PTMK bantu pembelajaran Kelas KAFA

Staf Pusat Teknologi Maklumat & Komunikasi (PTMK) Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) bergabung tenaga dengan penduduk Taman Seri Mahkota menjayakan aktiviti khidmat masyarakat di perkampungan taman tersebut pada 10 April 2015 yang lalu