Modern considerations when approaching fractured endodontic instruments - Part 2: A review of the literature and clinical techniques

Once root canal treatment is considered, the treating clinicians must be aware of the real possibility that complications and unforeseen accidents can occur during any stage of the treatment. Complications and accidents may include instrument separation, root perforation on different levels and ledge formation

An audit of root canal treatments completed by students and dentists at an academic hospital

The University of Pretoria Oral Health Centre (UPOHC) houses the School of Dentistry where dental, oral hygiene and post graduate students are trained. Dentists employed at the School of Dentistry generally do not complete root canal treatments (RCTs) due to their academic and research commitments but mainly perform emergency dental procedures such as pulpectomies for the relief of acute pain. The pulpectomy procedure includes the extirpation of the necrotic or inflamed pulp, minimal shaping of the canal and irrigating with sodium hypochlorite. This is followed by placing a medicament with an anti-inflammatory action such as Ledermix® or calcium hydroxide and sealing the tooth with a temporary restoration. The patient is then placed on a waiting list (approximately 18 months) for completion of the RCT by students in their fourth and fifth year of study. Dentists complete RCTs mainly in cases where previous attempts made to locate the canals were not successful orwhere files have fractured in the canals or when retreatment is indicated. The students complete a limited number of RCTs due to the time-consuming nature of the procedure and their relative lack of skill and experience. During the fourth year of study the students are required to complete five RCTs on teeth with one and two canals. The clinical quota for the students in the fifth year of study is five RCTs on teeth that have three or four canals. Several studies have been conducted on the acceptability of root canal obturations with regard to the technical quality as viewed on post-operative radiographs. The studies in question reported an acceptable technical quality of 47.4%, 84.1%, 61.35%, 57% and 44% respectively. In four of these, the RCTs assessed were completed by undergraduate students. Root fillings between 0.5mm to 2mm from the radiographic apex, consistent density and uniform taper were the criteria used to categorize the RCT as acceptable. Peak et al. also included the absence of apical pathology in the criteria. To date no research has been conducted on the technical quality of root canal fillings at tertiary institutions in South Africahttp://www.sada.co.zaam2016Dental Management Science

Root and canal morphology of the mandibular first molar: A micro-computed tomography-focused observation of literature with illustrative cases. Part 1: External root morphology

The mandibular first molar often requires endodontic intervention, which can be challenging and complex with several variants in the number of canals and roots. Usually, these teeth have a single mesial and distal root, but variants and anomalies have been noted. The incidence of the number of roots can differ between populations. For instance, up to a third of East Asians present with a third root, while the global prevalence is 8.9%. One- and four-rooted first molar teeth are seldom encountered. Over the years different methods have been used to study root and canal morphology, but micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has provided a non-invasive method to study root and canal morphology in high definition. This paperis the first of two giving an overview of available literature on various aspects of the external and internal root andcanal morphology of the mandibular first permanent molar. The aim is to provide an overview of relevant aspects of the external root morphology of the mandibular first molar in different populations. The content is supported by illustrative micro-CT images and a report on clinical cases where anomalies have been treated

Root canal treatment in mandibular canines with two roots : a review of the literature and a report of three cases

Endodontic treatment may sometimes fail because the morphological features of the tooth can adversely affect the treatment procedures. Mandibular canines can present with complex internal anatomy and many investigators have reported associated anatomical variations. This paper describes three clinical case reports of mandibular canines, each with two roots and two canals. In addition, the prevalence, aetiology, root morphology and the clinical and radiographic diagnoses for mandibular canines that present with this anatomical variation will be discussed.https://www.sada.co.za/the-sadjam2019Odontolog

A combined therapeutic approach to treating a challenging case of Dens invaginatus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Dens Invaginatus is a rare dental anomaly. The case presentation illustrates a combined endodontic and surgical approach of a maxillary lateral incisor that presented with a Type III Dens Invaginatus. METHODS : The complex root canal system was prepared during phase 1 after proper disinfection; the canals were obturated with a combination of techniques. An appointment was scheduled for four weeks later for the surgical phase. During this visit, a full muco-periostal flap was raised, the failed retrograde restoration was removed and MTA was placed. RESULTS : The patient was seen for follow-up visits after the procedure and satisfactory healing was observed. CONCLUSION : The case report illustrates a novel approach to treating a unique case of dens in dente.https://www.sada.co.za/the-sadjam2021Odontolog

Measurement of the Mass of the Z-Boson and the Energy Calibration of Lep

Contains fulltext : 26847___.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Measurement of the mass of the Z boson and the energy calibration of LEP

In 1985 the French government created a unique circuit for the dissemination of doctoral theses: References went to a national database “Téléthèses” whereas the documents were distributed to the university libraries in microform. In the era of the electronic document this French network of deposit of and access to doctoral theses is changing. How do you discover and locate a French thesis today, how do you get hold of a paper copy and how do you access the full electronic text? What are the catalogues and databases referencing theses since the disappearance of “Téléthèses”? Where are the archives, and are they open? What is the legal environment that rules the emerging structures and tools? This paper presents national plans on referencing and archiving doctoral theses coordinated by the government as well as some initiatives for creating full text archives. These initiatives come from universities as well as from research institutions and learned societies. “Téléthèses” records have been integrated in a union catalogue of French university libraries SUDOC. University of Lyon-2 and INSA Lyon developed procedures and tools covering the entire production chain from writing to the final access in an archive: “Cyberthèses” and “Cither”. The CNRS Centre for Direct Scientific Communication at Lyon (CCSD) maintains an archive (“TEL”) with about 2000 theses in all disciplines. Another repository for theses in engineering, economics and management called “Pastel” is proposed by the Paris Institute of Technology (ParisTech), a consortium of 10 engineering and commercial schools of the Paris region