4,069 research outputs found
Using goal directed task analysis to identify situation awareness requirements of advanced paramedics
Advanced paramedics, known in the UK as emergency care practitioners (ECPs) are employed by ambulance services to meet the demand for urgent care in the community. The role has been evaluated in terms of patient outcomes. To further
understand and evaluate the role, Goal Directed Task Analysis (GDTA) was conducted. Based on the analysis, situation awareness requirements among ECPs were identified. The results of the GDTA are presented and their implication discussed in terms of goal hierarchy structure, patient as source of information, and sociotechnical system. We discuss recommendations for the role with regard to the ECPs' SA. Further SA studies to evaluate and develop the ECP role are also outlined
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A Review of Hybrid Manufacturing
In recent years the combination of laser-based Additive Manufacturing and Computer
Numerical Controlled (CNC) machining has become increasingly popular, with several machine
tool manufacturers exhibiting products based on different machine tool configurations. This
technology, widely known as Hybrid Manufacturing, generally exploits Directed Energy
Deposition processes using powder feedstock that is fed into a melt pool created by a laser.
Although Directed Energy Deposition processes predate powder bed fusion Additive
Manufacturing (at least in terms of coating and repair applications), commercialization of Hybrid
Manufacturing systems is still very much in its infancy. However, they do offer clear advantages,
combining a high deposition rate together with the accuracy and surface finish associated with
machining. This paper presents the history of the development of Hybrid Manufacturing Systems
(HMS), dating back from work undertaken in the mid 1990s through to the present day. The
relative merits of different material deposition approaches are compared and some of the key
technical challenges which remain are highlighted and discussed.Mechanical Engineerin
Radiation Damage of F8 Lead Glass with 20 MeV Electrons
Using a 20 MeV linear accelerator, we investigate the effects of
electromagnetic radiation on the optical transparency of F8 lead glass.
Specifically, we measure the change in attenuation length as a function of
radiation dose. Comparing our results to similar work that utilized a proton
beam, we conclude that F8 lead glass is more susceptible to proton damage than
electron damage.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Tachyon Tunnelling in D-brane-anti-D-brane
Using the tachyon DBI action proposal for the effective theory of
non-coincident D-brane-anti-D-brane system, we study the decay of this
system in the tachyon channel. We assume that the branes separation is held
fixed, i.e. no throat formation, and then find the bounce solution which
describe the decay of the system from false to the true vacuum of the tachyon
potential. We shall show that due to the non-standard form of the kinetic term
in the effective action, the thin wall approximation for calculating the bubble
nucleation rate gives a result which is independent of the branes separation.
This unusual result might indicate that the true decay of this metastable
system should be via a solution that represents a throat formation as well as
the tachyon tunneling.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, Latex file, minor changes, reference adde
In-situ velocity imaging of ultracold atoms using slow--light
The optical response of a moving medium suitably driven into a slow-light
propagation regime strongly depends on its velocity. This effect can be used to
devise a novel scheme for imaging ultraslow velocity fields. The scheme turns
out to be particularly amenable to study in-situ the dynamics of collective and
topological excitations of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. We illustrate
the advantages of using slow-light imaging specifically for sloshing
oscillations and bent vortices in a stirred condensate
The source effect: Person descriptions by self versus others have differential effects on impression formation
Contains fulltext :
77260.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Self-presentation via favorable self-descriptions may not lead to the desired impression, whereas positive descriptions by others may be more effective because they seem less susceptible to motivated bias. In four experiments, we investigated whether person descriptions have more impact on impressions when provided by third parties than by targets themselves. Results showed that target impressions were consistently more in line with the target description when positive sociability-related or positive competency-related information was given by a third party than by the target. This source effect always occurred for ratings of claimed traits. In addition, ratings of the target's sociability were also affected when the claim was about competency. Source effects were not obtained for negative self-descriptions. The results are discussed in terms of the presumed underlying process on the basis of mediation data.13 p
Competition between plant and bacterial cells at the microscale regulates the dynamics of nitrogen acquisition in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
The ability of plants to compete effectively for nitrogen (N) resources is critical to plant survival. However, controversy surrounds the importance of organic and inorganic sources of N in plant nutrition because of our poor ability to visualize and understand processes happening at the root�microbial�soil interface. Using high-resolution nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry stable isotope imaging (NanoSIMS-SII), we quantified the fate of 15N over both space and time within the rhizosphere. We pulse-labelled the soil surrounding wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots with either inline image or 15N-glutamate and traced the movement of 15N over 24 h. Imaging revealed that glutamate was rapidly depleted from the rhizosphere and that most 15N was captured by rhizobacteria, leading to very high 15N microbial enrichment. After microbial capture, approximately half of the 15N-glutamate was rapidly mineralized, leading to the excretion of inline image, which became available for plant capture. Roots proved to be poor competitors for 15N-glutamate and took up N mainly as inline image. Spatial mapping of 15N revealed differential patterns of 15N uptake within bacteria and the rapid uptake and redistribution of 15N within roots. In conclusion, we demonstrate the rapid cycling and transformation of N at the soil�root interface and that wheat capture of organic N is low in comparison to inorganic N under the conditions tested
Dieterici gas as a Unified Model for Dark Matter and Dark Energy
The dominance of dark energy in the universe has necessitated the
introduction of a repulsive gravity source to make q0 negative. The models for
dark energy range from a simple lambda-term to quintessence, Chaplygin gas,
etc. We look at the possibility of how change of behaviour of missing energy
density, from DM to DE, may be determined by the change in the equation of
state of a background fluid instead of a form of potential. The question of
cosmic acceleration can be discussed within the framework of theories which do
not necessarily include scalar fields.Comment: 9 pages, 38 equation
Considerations for the accreditation of small punch creep testing
Efforts to extend a pre-existing European Code of Practice (CoP) covering small punch creep and tensile testing into a full International standard procedure are progressing. Swansea Materials Research & Testing Ltd, in collaboration with the academic team based at Swansea University, have been proactive in anticipating some of the key recommendations from the ECISS TC 1010/WG 1 with a view to gaining accreditation for an extensive suite of small punch test equipment. Here, comparisons between the miniaturised form of small punch creep testing will be made to the expectations for calibration and measurement laid down by existing standards for creep testing of conventional scale specimens. In particular, the calibration requirements relating to load, displacement, alignment and temperature measurement will be addressed. With test reproducibility at the forefront of our attention, recent modifications to test rigs to control load application and validation exercises to define small punch temperature distribution will be described. Ultimately, the need to develop an uncertainty budget for small punch creep testing will be highlighted
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