Design of Off - Grid Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System for Cottage Hospital

The provision of adequate and sustainable power supply to the country’s citizen has been a mirage since the 1980’s when the nation neglected to improve its power generation capacity. The rapid population and increase in industrial activities necessitate the injection of solar photovoltaic technology into nation’s energy mix. The need to power cottage hospital in developing country like Nigerian is too enormous. This seminar paper is an attempt to design off-grid solar PV system for cottage hospitals. In this study, I consider the appliances needed for cottage hospital to function effectively, the end used application include (Energy saving bulb, fan, DVD player, radio, television and refrigerator). The power is derived from fifteen 100W PV solar panel unit and the total load power of these appliances is 4925Wh/day. Keywords: PV array, Cottage Hospital, Rural Development, Storage battery, Charge Controller, inverter, Wire

Wage differentials and their determinants in US tourism and tourism-associated industries

This paper examines variations in wages for tourism related industries in the US for the period 2004-2009. It critically assesses the extent to which tourism related activities conform to their low wage stereotype and finds this to be true in general but not universally. It then considers the possibility that wages in US tourism related industries can be explained by observable characteristics of these industries. Recent research has suggested that the use of wage data at the level of highly detailed occupations is an effective alternative to other ways of capturing underlying skill differences. In line with this literature data from the US Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) were used to provide this detail. The results strongly support the importance of difference between occupations in wages in understanding differences between industries. They also support the importance of a number of industry characteristics including profitability, multi-factor productivity and demand growth. The paper also considers the relevance of an industry wage premium or discount for tourism related activities in the US over the same period. To assess this it estimates an industry wage model separately for five individual occupations across all industries which employ the occupation concerned. Within the small number of occupations covered the analysis find that workers in the two more highly paid occupations exhibit evidence of a tourism related discount but that workers in the three more lowly paid occupations exhibit a tourism related wage premium

Introducing the Fair and Logical Trade Project

We introduce our framework for logic-based composi- tional e-commerce interaction. We aim to provide open- source software which adds a light-weight formal messag- ing layer to business communications, to increase the ac- cessibility of e-commerce infrastructure to smaller business players. In the process we hope to develop a comprehensive theory of business communication. We present the logical structures and techniques we apply, and provide initial pro- totype testing results

Design and Characterization of a Neutron Calibration Facility for the Study of sub-keV Nuclear Recoils

As part of an experimental effort to demonstrate sensitivity in a large-mass detector to the ultra-low energy recoils expected from coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering, we have designed and built a highly monochromatic 24 keV neutron beam at the Kansas State University Triga Mark-II reactor. The beam characteristics were chosen so as to mimic the soft recoil energies expected from reactor antineutrinos in a variety of targets, allowing to understand the response of dedicated detector technologies in this yet unexplored sub-keV recoil range. A full characterization of the beam properties (intensity, monochromaticity, contaminations, beam profile) is presented, together with first tests of the calibration setup using proton recoils in organic scintillator.Comment: submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth.

Comparison of different methods of temporomandibular joint disc reconstruction - An animal model

The document attached has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association. An external link to the publisher’s copy is included. Article first published online: 12 MAR 2008The optimum method of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction has not been defined despite numerous surgical treatments and several well controlled clinical trials. Animal models offer an experimental method allowing direct comparison of standardized surgical techniques. Advanced osteoarthrosis was induced bilaterally in 12 mature merino sheep. Three months later unilateral surgical reconstruction was performed. Four sheep had discectomy alone, four discectomy with fresh TMJ disc grafts, and four discectomy with fresh auricular grafts. All three surgical methods resulted in some reversal and repair of the osteoarthritic process, with the best result being from the auricular graft, next discectomy alone, next the disc graft, with the untreated osteoarthritic joint showing the most advanced pathosis. This study supports the role of surgical reconstruction in advanced degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint, in particular, auricular graft reconstruction.Nobumi Ogi, Jun-Ichi Ishimaru, Kenichi Kurita, Yujiro Handa, Robert H.B. Jones, Alastair N. Gos

Fast Quantum Search Algorithms in Protein Sequence Comparison - Quantum Biocomputing

Quantum search algorithms are considered in the context of protein sequence comparison in biocomputing. Given a sample protein sequence of length m (i.e m residues), the problem considered is to find an optimal match in a large database containing N residues. Initially, Grover's quantum search algorithm is applied to a simple illustrative case - namely where the database forms a complete set of states over the 2^m basis states of a m qubit register, and thus is known to contain the exact sequence of interest. This example demonstrates explicitly the typical O(sqrt{N}) speedup on the classical O(N) requirements. An algorithm is then presented for the (more realistic) case where the database may contain repeat sequences, and may not necessarily contain an exact match to the sample sequence. In terms of minimizing the Hamming distance between the sample sequence and the database subsequences the algorithm finds an optimal alignment, in O(sqrt{N}) steps, by employing an extension of Grover's algorithm, due to Boyer, Brassard, Hoyer and Tapp for the case when the number of matches is not a priori known.Comment: LaTeX, 5 page

Near-ultraviolet signatures of environment-driven galaxy quenching in Sloan Digital Sky Survey groups

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. We have investigated the effect of group environment on residual star formation in galaxies, using Galaxy Evolution Explorer near-ultraviolet (NUV) galaxy photometry with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey group catalogue of Yang et al. We compared the (NUV - r) colours of grouped and non-grouped galaxies, and find a significant increase in the fraction of red sequence galaxies with blue (NUV - r) colours outside of groups. When comparing galaxies in mass-matched samples of satellite (non-central), and non-grouped galaxies, we found a > 4σ difference in the distribution of (NUV - r) colours, and an (NUV - r) blue fraction > 3σ higher outside groups. A comparison of satellite and non-grouped samples has found the NUV fraction is a factor of ~2 lower for satellite galaxies between 10 10.5 and 10 10.7 M ⊙ , showing that higher mass galaxies are more likely to have residual star formation when not influenced by a group potential. There was a higher (NUV - r) blue fraction of galaxies with lower Sérsic indices (n < 3) outside of groups, not seen in the satellite sample. We have used stellar population models of Bruzual & Charlot with multiple burst, or exponentially declining star formation histories to find that many of the (NUV - r) blue non-grouped galaxies can be explained by a slow (~2 Gyr) decay of star formation, compared to the satellite galaxies. We suggest that taken together, the difference in (NUV - r) colours between samples can be explained by a population of secularly evolving, non-grouped galaxies, where star formation declines slowly. This slow channel is less prevalent in group environments where more rapid quenching can occur

Collective vs local measurements in qubit mixed state estimation

We discuss the problem of estimating a general (mixed) qubit state. We give the optimal guess that can be inferred from any given set of measurements. For collective measurements and for a large number $N$ of copies, we show that the error in the estimation goes as 1/N. For local measurements we focus on the simpler case of states lying on the equatorial plane of the Bloch sphere. We show that standard tomographic techniques lead to an error proportional to $1/N^{1/4}$, while with our optimal data processing it is proportional to $1/N^{3/4}$.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, minor style changes, refs. adde

Universal quantum computation and simulation using any entangling Hamiltonian and local unitaries

What interactions are sufficient to simulate arbitrary quantum dynamics in a composite quantum system? We provide an efficient algorithm to simulate any desired two-body Hamiltonian evolution using any fixed two-body entangling n-qubit Hamiltonian and local unitaries. It follows that universal quantum computation can be performed using any entangling interaction and local unitary operations.Comment: Added references to NMR refocusing and to earlier work by Leung et al and Jones and Knil

Adiabatic creation of entangled states by a bichromatic field designed from the topology of the dressed eigenenergies

Preparation of entangled pairs of coupled two-state systems driven by a bichromatic external field is studied. We use a system of two coupled spin-1/2 that can be translated into a three-state ladder model whose intermediate state represents the entangled state. We show that this entangled state can be prepared in a robust way with appropriate fields. Their frequencies and envelopes are derived from the topological properties of the model.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure