Guillaumean Linguistics: a Model for Literary Theory

It has long been suspected that Guillaumean linguistics provided suggestions for literary critics or theorists. Gabriel Guillaume (1962, 1967, 1968) was a pioneer. The most useful summary is Wilmet (1980). But what was lacking was a composite, over-all survey of literary theory that examined qualitatively the crucial areas. Such an attempt over some decades has been made through the medium of Welsh. And perhaps an opportunity may be seized now to summarise some conclusions in a festschrift honouring someone who is, amongst other matters, one of the most distinguished Guillaumean scholars of our time. The present essay is therefore a brief survey of some of the conclusions reached in four works in particular: Jones (1974, 1984-8, 1997, 1998a)

An application of physiological anthropometry: the determination of leg subcutaneous fat, muscle and bone widths and volumes in young male and female adults

An application of physiological anthropometry: the determination of leg subcutaneous fat, muscle and bone widths and volumes in young male and female adult

On the testability of SDL specifications

The problem of testing from an SDL specification is often complicated by the presence of infeasible paths. This paper introduces an approach for transforming a class of SDL specification in order to eliminate or reduce the infeasible path problem. This approach is divided into two phases in order to aid generality. First the SDL specification is rewritten to create a normal form extended finite state machine (NF-EFSM). This NF-EFSM is then expanded in order to produce a state machine in which the test criterion may be satisfied using paths that are known to be feasible. The expansion process is guaranteed to terminate. Where the expansion process may lead to an excessively large state machine, this process may be terminated early and feasible paths added. The approach is illustrated through being applied to the Initiator process of the Inres protocol

An atomic scale comparison of the reaction of Bioglass® in two types of simulated body fluid

A class of melt quenched silicate glasses, containing calcium, phosphorus and alkali metals, and having the ability to promote bone regeneration and to fuse to living bone, is produced commercially as Bioglass. The changes in structure associated with reacting the bioglass with a body fluid simulant (a buffered Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane growth medium solution or a blood plasma-like salt simulated body fluid) at 37°C have been studied using both high energy and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. This has corroborated the generic conclusions of earlier studies based on the use of calcia–silica sol-gel glasses whilst highlighting the important differences associated with glass composition; the results also reveal the more subtle effects on reaction rates of the choice of body fluid simulant. The results also indicate the presence of tricalcium phosphate crystallites deposited onto the surface of the glass as a precursor to the growth of hydroxyapatite, and indicates that there is some preferred orientation to their growth

Compensation of Transverse Field Asymmetry in the High-beta Quarter-wave Resonator of the HIE-ISOLDE Linac at CERN

The superconducting upgrade of the REX-ISOLDE radioactive ion beam (RIB) post-accelerator at CERN will utilise a compact lattice comprising quarter-wave resonators (QWRs) and solenoids, accelerating beams in the mass range 2.5 < A/q < 4.5 to over 10 MeV/u. The short and independently phased quarter-wave structures allow for the acceleration of RIBs over a variable velocity profile and provide an unrivalled longitudinal acceptance when coupled with solenoid focusing. The incorporation of the solenoids into the cryomodule shortens the linac, whilst maximising the acceptance, but the application of solenoid focusing in the presence of asymmetric QWR fields can have consequences for the beam quality. The rotation of an asymmetric beam produces an effective emittance growth in the laboratory reference system. We present modifications of the cavity geometry to optimise the symmetry of the transverse fields in the high-beta QWR. A racetrack shaped beam port is analysed and a modification made to the inner conductor with a geometry that will enable a niobium film to be effectively sputtered onto the cavity surface.The superconducting upgrade of the REX-ISOLDE radioactive ion beam (RIB) post-accelerator at CERN will utilise a compact lattice comprising quarter-wave resonators (QWRs) and solenoids, accelerating beams in the mass range 2.5 < A/q < 4.5 to over 10 MeV/u. The short and independently phased quarter-wave structures allow for the acceleration of RIBs over a variable velocity profile and provide an unrivalled longitudinal acceptance when coupled with solenoid focusing. The incorporation of the solenoids into the cryomodule shortens the linac, whilst maximising the acceptance, but the application of solenoid focusing in the presence of asymmetric QWR fields can have consequences for the beam quality. The rotation of an asymmetric beam produces an effective emittance growth in the laboratory reference system. We present modifications of the cavity geometry to optimise the symmetry of the transverse fields in the high-beta QWR. A racetrack shaped beam port is analysed and a modification made to the inner conductor with a geometry that will enable a niobium film to be effectively sputtered onto the cavity surface

Severe vocal cord dysfunction resistant to all current therapeutic interventions

SummaryVocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is characterised by paradoxical vocal cord adduction during inspiration or throughout the respiratory cycle, it results in wheeze, stridor, cough and dyspnoea. Although asthma and VCD can coexist, patients with VCD are frequently misdiagnosed with refractory asthma. It can severely restrict an individual's level of activity and effective therapeutic control can be difficult to achieve. We report the case of a patient who was treated with all available therapeutic interventions, including intralaryngeal botulinum toxin injection, but failure resulted in a permanent trachesotomy

Conformal Field Theory Approach to the 2-Impurity Kondo Problem: Comparison with Numerical Renormalization Group Results

Numerical renormalization group and conformal field theory work indicate that the two impurity Kondo Hamiltonian has a non-Fermi liquid critical point separating the Kondo-screening phase from the inter-impurity singlet phase when particle-hole (P-H) symmetry is maintained. We clarify the circumstances under which this critical point occurs, pointing out that there are two types of P-H symmetry. Only one of them guarantees the occurance of the critical point. Much of the previous numerical work was done on models with the other type of P-H symmetry. We analyse this critical point using the boundary conformal field theory technique. The finite-size spectrum is presented in detail and compared with about 50 energy levels obtained using the numerical renormalization group. Various Green's functions, general renormalization group behaviour, and a hidden $SO(7)$ are analysed.Comment: 38 pages, RevTex. 2 new sections clarify the circumstances under which a model will exhibit the non-trivial critical point (hence potentially resolving disagreements with other Authors) and explain the hidden SO(7) symmetry of the model, relating it to an alternative approach of Sire et al. and Ga

On the twin paradox in static spacetimes: I. Schwarzschild metric

Motivated by a conjecture put forward by Abramowicz and Bajtlik we reconsider the twin paradox in static spacetimes. According to a well known theorem in Lorentzian geometry the longest timelike worldline between two given points is the unique geodesic line without points conjugate to the initial point on the segment joining the two points. We calculate the proper times for static twins, for twins moving on a circular orbit (if it is a geodesic) around a centre of symmetry and for twins travelling on outgoing and ingoing radial timelike geodesics. We show that the twins on the radial geodesic worldlines are always the oldest ones and we explicitly find the conjugate points (if they exist) outside the relevant segments. As it is of its own mathematical interest, we find general Jacobi vector fields on the geodesic lines under consideration. In the first part of the work we investigate Schwarzschild geometry.Comment: 18 pages, paper accepted for publication in Gen. Rel. Gra

DTI Strategic Environmental Assessment Area 4 (SEA4) : sub seabed geology

The SEA 4 region is underlain by continental crust situated on the north-western part of the Eurasian tectonic plate. The oldest continental crust >590Ma (Pre-Cambrian) of interest to oil production, it is divided by a major fault, the Moine Thrust, into ages ranging in age from >2500Ma (Archaean) to the west in which potentially commercial hydrocarbons been discovered and 2500 - 590 Ma (Proterozoic) to the east which is not currently prospective for commerciallyproduced hydrocarbons. The <590Ma sedimentary basins and intervening highs have evolved from pre-, syn- and postdepositional responses to deformation during crustal compression and extension. Many of the modern regional crustal structures retain a NE-SW trend, inherited from events 440-410Ma year ago (Caledonian Orogeny). The results from <65Ma regional NW-SE trending deformation events are also included within the major basin structural configurations. During 60-50 Ma (Late Paleocene to Early Eocene) the region was affected by uplift and in the NW by extrusion of thick volcanic lavas and intrusion of igneous sills. Interactions between historically significant shifts of long-term global climate cooling, an increase in the short-term periodicity and intensity of global climate change and changes to the rates and orientation of crust deformation have been particularly important from 25Ma to the present day (Neogene to Quaternary). These interactions have driven global-to-local changes to basin geological structure, marine circulation, sea level and sediment supply and removal rates and have resulted in the evolutionary changes to submarine basin geometries and lithologies. The modern seabed habitat has thus resulted from the remoulding of inherited basin geometries and lithologies by the processes affecting seabed. The structural history of the region has created a wide variety of potential hydrocarbon trapping mechanisms. The 154-136Ma (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian to Ryazanian) Kimmeridge Clay Formation is the principal source rock of the area. The Foinaven and Schiehallion oilfields started production in late 1997 and 1998 respectively both from 60-55Ma (Upper Paleocene) sandstone reservoirs. Geological and technical problems have so far prevented the development of the massive 440-390Ma (Devono-Carboniferous) Clair Field which is the largest undeveloped oilfield on the UK continental shelf. Other hydrocarbon accumulations have been discovered in 245-208Ma (Triassic), 208-146Ma (Jurassic) and 146-65Ma (Cretaceous) intervals in the West Shetland area in the most prospective parts of the SEA 4 region

Characterising the within-field scale spatial variation of nitrogen in a grassland soil to inform the efficient design of in-situ nitrogen sensor networks for precision agriculture

The use of in-situ sensors capable of real-time monitoring of soil nitrogen (N) may facilitate improvements in agricultural N-use efficiency (NUE) through better fertiliser management. The optimal design of such sensor networks, consisting of clusters of sensors each attached to a data logger, depends upon the spatial variation of soil N and the relative cost of the data loggers and sensors. The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate how in-situ networks of N sensors could be optimally designed to enable the cost-efficient monitoring of soil N within a grassland field (1.9 ha). In the summer of 2014, two nested sampling campaigns (June & July) were undertaken to assess spatial variation in soil amino acids, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) at a range of scales that represented the within (less than 2 m) and between (greater than 2 m) data logger/sensor cluster variability. Variance at short range (less than 2 m) was found to be dominant for all N forms. Variation at larger scales (greater than 2 m) was not as large but was still considered an important spatial component for all N forms, especially NO3−. The variance components derived from the nested sampling were used to inform the efficient design of theoretical in-situ networks of NH4+ and NO3− sensors based on the costs of a commercially available data logger and ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). Based on the spatial variance observed in the June nested sampling, and given a budget of £5000, the NO3− field mean could be estimated with a 95% confidence interval width of 1.70 μg N g−1 using 2 randomly positioned data loggers each with 5 sensors. Further investigation into “aggregate-scale” (less than 1 cm) spatial variance revealed further large variation at the sub 1-cm scale for all N forms. Sensors, for which the measurement represents an integration over a sensor-soil contact area of diameter less than 1 cm, would be subject to this aggregate-scale variability. As such, local replication at scales less than 1 cm would be needed to maintain the precision of the resulting field mean estimation. Adoption of in-situ sensor networks will depend upon the development of suitable low‐cost sensors, demonstration of the cost-benefit and the construction of a decision support system that utilises the generated data to improve the NUE of fertiliser N management