Neighborhood Effects of Public Housing: How the Level of Public Housing Concentration Influences Neighborhood Crime Levels

Public housing is plagued by the well known “not-in-my-backyard” (NIMBY) phenomenon. People may support the existence of public housing, but oppose it in their neighborhood. This is particularly relevant to “scattered site” public housing – which has a much lower density than “traditional” public housing – because, by its very essence, scattered site public housing will be “in more backyards”. Public protests against such programs have made it clear that people don’t care about the positive effects for the public housing tenants nearly as much as they care about perceived negative effects on their neighborhood. My goal is to determine whether these perceived negative effects are indeed real. I use cross-sectional data from Louisville, Kentucky to estimate the relationship between both traditional and scattered site public housing, and the crime rate in the surrounding neighborhood. Using data obtained from the Louisville Police Department and the Louisville Metro Housing Authority, I find that each type is well suited to its typical use. Scattered site public housing, in small quantities, will not lead to an increase in neighborhood crime, while traditional public housing will. However, the marginal increase in crime is much higher for scattered site units. In fact, the addition of one traditional public housing unit at the margin is actually associated with a decrease in crime in my sample. I conclude that there is no statistically significant relationship between scattered site housing and crime; therefore, opposition to small scale scattered site housing projects is not justified by the “there goes the neighborhood” argument. Although the following calculation is based on statistically insignificant results, it appears that scattered site housing will not increase neighborhood crime unless the unit density approaches 50 units per square mile – a level attained by only one census tract in Louisville. Below this level, scattered site housing may actually decrease crime. However, scattered site housing is not a panacea. When public housing with a scattered site form and label approaches the density of traditional public housing (greater than 50 units per square mile), it could have a more adverse impact on the community than a traditional public housing project would have. Thus, when it is necessary to provide many new units, traditional, high density public housing may be the better alternative

Chapter 13 USING FILM IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY

"Chapter 4: This chapter explores the ways historians can analyse museum collections to shed new light on psychiatric history. Focusing on the classic example of the straitjacket to illustrate the way psychiatric objects often function as symbols and practical items, it provides an introduction to material culture for the historian of psychiatry. First, it explores how and where we might find psychiatric objects, and how we can begin to analyse them. It examines what we can learn from observing the artefacts themselves, and what we might gain from placing them in the context of other sources. Reading objects alongside patient records, reports, publications, letters, and legal texts can shed new light on institutional life and practices. Objects may reveal the gap between rules and regulations and working practices and experiences within mental health care, and help to shed light on the hidden histories of psychiatric patients, especially women and working-class patients who were less likely to leave behind written accounts of their experiences. Finally, objects can help us as historians to confront our own assumptions. Acknowledging the symbolic meanings that historic items have often gained can help us to acknowledge the nuances of modern experiences of mental health care. Chapter 8: The disciplines of psychiatry and law are inextricably linked. Legal sources therefore provide invaluable material for understanding the history of psychiatry, but for historians unfamiliar with legal systems or legal history, there can be some barriers to their use. Focusing on the common law jurisdiction of England and Wales, this chapter describes three kinds of legal source – case law, court records, and legislation – and gives examples of the kind of information they contain, where they can be found, how they have been used by researchers, and what strategies can be applied to their interpretation. It concludes with an illustrative case study from the archives of the Court of Protection, and some final questions that these kinds of sources raise. Chapter 9: In the late 1960s, the first inquiries were held into claims of abuse and malpractice in certain NHS psychiatric and ‘mental handicap’ hospitals. As they continued through much of the 1970s, political indifference, failures in clinical leadership, poor management, and pernicious ingrained hospital cultures were revealed. Much of the vast repository of inquiry documentation that was generated at the time provides historians of today with immensely important insights into government interests, the impacts of NHS policy, and the cultural mechanisms that prevailed inside these large institutions. This article provides an overview of how the inquiries came about and were run, together with a summary of where to find sources today. It reflects on some of the epistemological and ethical questions that should be taken into account during the analysis and writing-up of the research, together with the potential challenges that come from working with such sensitive sources. Chapter 10: This chapter explores how our psychiatric histories can be enriched by engaging with the sources of mental health activism and the survivor movement. Beginning with a brief history of activism among patients and service users, it goes on to discuss the practical challenges associated with finding and working with a body of source material which is often ephemeral, uncatalogued, or hidden in private collections. While often difficult to access, activist materials can not only provide us with information on the history of the survivor movement, but open critical new perspectives on the wider history of psychiatry, and on the lives of service users past and present. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the historiographical and theoretical challenges which have been posed by mental health campaigners and survivor historians, to suggest how engaging with activist sources might change the ways we write the history of psychiatry. Chapter 13: Since the film camera was invented in the late nineteenth century, psychiatrists and their associates in allied disciplines have attempted to capture the symptomatology and treatment of mental illness in moving images. Film was used by 'psy' scientists for different ends over the course of the late nineteenth and twentieth century: as a diagnostic tool, as the means to create a visual archive of pathological gesture and expression, and as documentary and exposé. This chapter explores the opportunities and difficulties that face the historian of psychiatry when using film sources. It begins with a discussion of the parameters of psychiatric film and the expansion of its use in the mid-twentieth century. The following section explores the epistemological value of film within psychiatry and relevant implications for historical analysis. This extends into an examination of three salient issues facing the researcher: the fragmentary nature of film evidence, the ethical uncertainties surrounding the filming of patients, and the uses of empathy. The chapter ends with a list of major film archives and their holdings.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN BANK TERHADAP HAK NASABAH YANG DIRUGIKAN DALAM PEMBOBOLAN REKENING NASABAH

Keberadaan bank dalam kehidupan dewasa ini, mempunyai peran yang cukup penting, mengapa? Karena, lembaga keuangan perbankan khususnya bank umum, merupakan intisari dari sistem keuangan setiap Negara. Sebagai lembaga keuangan, bank yang merupakan tempat masyarakat menyimpan dananya dilandasi oleh kepercayaan bahwa uangnya akan dapat diperoleh kembali pada waktunya dan disertai dengan bunga. Di sini bahwa suatu bank sangat tergantung pada kepercayaan masyarakat tersebut. Namun dari semua itu yang terpenting adalah bagaimana usaha perbankan nasional melaksanakan komitmennya secara konsisten, profesional dan transparan. Hal ini merupakan persyaratan yang mutlak untuk membangun kembali kepercayaan terhadap dunia perbankan nasional. Kata kunci : Hak Nasaba

An Investigation of \u3ci\u3eTrypanosoma brucei\u3c/i\u3e Hexokinases: Localization, Oligomerization, and Inhibition

Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock. The parasite inhabits multiple environmental niches including the bloodstream of the mammalian host and the mid-gut of the tsetse fly vector. While in the bloodstream of its mammalian host, the organism depends solely on glycolysis for production of ATP. My studies focus on the first enzyme in glycolysis, hexokinase. T. brucei has two hexokinases, TbHK1 and TbHK2 that are 98.5% identical at the nucleotide level. The hexokinases are expressed in the glycosomes of both procyclic form and bloodstream form parasites. Glycosomes are peroxisome-like organelles that house glycolysis, along with other functions, in trypanosomes. Here I present evidence that PEX7, a known glycosome import protein in other systems, may be responsible for the import of TbHKs into the glycosome. Further, I report that, in addition to the glycosome, TbHK2 also localizes to the flagellum of BSF parasites and to two punctate bodies proximal to the basal body in PF parasites. TbHK1 has also been validated as a drug target for treatment of African trypanosomiasis. A high throughput screen has been conducted in which 220,233 compounds were tested against TbHK1 for inhibitory effects. In this screen, ebselen was identified as a potent inhibitor of TbHK1. Ebselen is a known cysteine-reactive seleno-organic compound. Here I show that while ebselen does indeed bind the Cys residues of TbHK1, this binding does not result in inhibition of the enzyme. Lastly, I show that three Cys residues are necessary for the activity of TbHK1. These studies have improved our knowledge of the localization, inhibition, and oligomerization of TbHKs

Programs and resources for control of job stress in the Federal workplace

A couple of weeks ago, the American Psychological Association and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health held a conference in Washingtion, D.C. entitled 'Stress in the 90's'. At this conference the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) conducted a session on 'Programs and Resources for the Control of Job Stress in the Federal Workplace'. I am going to present an overview of that three-hour session and some related information from the conference. My discussion covers stress terminology and models, selected programs and resources, evaluation research, some concerns about our progress, and plans to expand our efforts at OPM

De espaços escolares a ambientes de aprendizagem: a importância da diversificação dos espaços para promover aprendizagem

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar como os professores dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental propõem o uso de diferentes espaços escolares, tendo em vista a organização das situações de promoção da aprendizagem. O estudo foi realizado em duas escolas municipais, situadas em municípios distintos do Vale do Taquari/RS. Foram convidados a participar três professores de cada escola, do 1º, 2º e 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental, e também a coordenação pedagógica de cada instituição, totalizando seis professores. Para a coleta dos dados, foram realizados dois questionários: um para os professores e outro para a equipe diretiva. Os dados foram analisados buscando estabelecer um comparativo entre as duas escolas, seguindo as orientações da análise textual discursiva. Desta forma, foram observadas como são pensadas as situações de aprendizagem em diferentes espaços, o que interfere ou dificulta essa exploração. As respostas foram inicialmente fragmentadas em unidades de significados, destacando os aspectos mais relevantes para o trabalho. Os autores utilizados para o embasamento teórico referente aos espaços escolares foram Horn (2004); Ceppi, Zini (2013). Para questões relacionadas à aprendizagem, Coll (1994), Coll e Pozo (2000), Moreira (2011). Os resultados demonstram que os professores consideram importante ocupar diferentes espaços durante os momentos de aula, principalmente para motivar e incentivar os alunos a buscarem novos desafios e percepções. Os docentes dos Anos Iniciais afirmam também que utilizam os espaços com o intuito de explorar novos materiais e desenvolver metodologias diferenciadas. Assim proponho para as escolas analisar a possibilidade de, no espaço verde da escola, plantar árvores e instalar nos espaços externos, bem como organizar cantos temáticos em espaços internos, potencializando novos ambientes de aprendizagem

A Tool for Assessing the Capacity of Local Watershed Partnerships to Produce Lasting Effects

Water resource issues continue to be a central focus of natural resource policy, due to the increasing pressures on water resources and the complex nature of water systems. There has been significant advancement in the recognition that water system health is dependent upon human activities and social understanding of the resource. This awareness has prompted the arrival of institutions that are concerned with helping society understand and support water resource improvement. Often referred to as watershed partnerships, these institutions typically function as collaborative bodies that highlight cooperation and water resource education. As resource pressures increase, so do the demands on these partnerships to produce tangible watershed improvement results. Assessments of watershed partnerships have therefore been developed to evaluate their work and results. The mainstream watershed partnership assessments have been criticized for their inability to capture partnership characteristics that lead to lasting watershed recovery and typically provide little insight for how these partnerships can improve. The need for partnership assessments that speak to these criticisms is becoming ever more imperative as we continue to confront modern water resource issues. This research focuses on the creation of an assessment tool that addresses these criticisms of conventional watershed assessments. The goals of this research were to 1) consult the literature concerned with partnership characteristics that lead to lasting watershed recovery, or sustainable water vi management 2) develop an assessment tool, based on the dominant themes found in the sustainable water management literature, and 3) test the tool on a mature local watershed partnership for future revision. The assessment tool that resulted from this research consists of two items: 1) a self-assessment survey concerned with structural and process elements of a partnership that lead to lasting watershed efforts, and 2) a survey guide that assists watershed management practitioners in understanding survey relevance and exploring their own structures and processes for improvement. These products were then tested and reviewed, which resulted in survey and survey guide revisions, and ultimately a practical and useful watershed partnership assessment tool

Hourly Rounding and Fall Prevention among the Elderly in Long Term Care: A change Process

Long term care facilities have a rising rate of falls and fall related injuries with increasing cost and more hospitalization. Hourly rounding® is an evidenced based intervention that is proactive for nursing staff to be able to identify patient’s needs. This helps with positive fall prevention outcome. This project focused on process improvement efforts for 10 weeks and examining the education and implementation of an evidenced-based hourly rounding program that assisted in reducing the number of falls in the pilot unit. The implementation of the intervention took place in a long-term care facility located in Dallas, Georgia. The hourly rounding tools used in this project were the Studer Group hourly rounding log and competency checklist with permission. Twenty staff members were included in the sample, age 18 years and 60 years. The unit has 41 residents who were included in the pilot case study design. Staff members were first educated regarding hourly rounding and documentation on the hourly rounding log was done two days before implementation and the pre and post fall rate was retrieved from the facilities fall database. Competency checklist was completed prior to implementation and post implementation to evaluate staff understanding of the main tenets of the 4 P’s (potty, pain, possession, and position). For this project, descriptive statistics was used to help determine fall rates. Minitab was used to analyzed data and to determine if it was clinically significant. In the ten weeks following the hourly rounding implementation, participants performed hourly rounding by incorporating it to each resident’s daily routine and documented their rounds on the log sheet. The results indicated that it is statistically significant and with a P-values = -<0.0001 and t-value = -5.81

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN MANAGEMENT PENDIDIKAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOLE (Self Organized Learning Environments)

Penggunaan internet saat ini sudah tidak asing lagi dalam berbagai kegiatan, termasuk dalam dunia pendidikan. Internet dinilai mampu memberikan kemudahan dan kemampuan masif dalam menyajikan materi dan mampu menawarkan perolehan informasi secara cepat. Internet sebagai sumber belajar merupakan salah satu strategi pembelajaran yang menjadikan kelas tidak terpaku pada kelas konvensional dan dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar yang inovatif dari sumber belajar yang ada. Strategi pembelajaran yang telah diatur sedemikian rupa agar terjadi pembelajaran yang baik dan juga menyenangkan serta menyesuaikan dengan tuntutan zaman sehingga proses pembelajaran dan pengetahuan terus berkembang. Menghadapi pembelajaran daring yang sangat lama, sudah dilaksanakan lebih dari 6 bulan, perlu adanya inovasi guru dalam pelaksanaannya. Kondisi siswa yang belajar dari rumah dengan belajar tatap muka tentunya memiliki perbedaan. Dari hasil observasi yang dilakukan, permasalahan yang sering terjadi adalah siswa sering tidak melaksanakan pembelajaran atau mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan oleh guru. Kemudian proses penilaian pembelajaran juga membutuhkan inovasi agar siswa lebih semangat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran online. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah model sistem pembelajaran Self-Organised Learning Environment (SOLE) berbantuan aplikasi Edpuzzle membantu guru dalam menyelesaikan tugas siswa selama proses belajar mengajar online dan bagaimana penerapannya di dalam kelas. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi dengan menggunakan metode angket, metode dokumentasi dan metode wawancara