Assessing a decade of interstate bank branching

U.S. banking regulation has historically prohibited the ability of a bank to open or own a branch located outside of its home state, commonly referred to as interstate branching. Only since the passage of the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act (IBBEA) in 1994 have banks have been able to engage in interstate branching, though subject to state restrictions. Despite IBBEA’s removal of branching barriers, it still allowed the states to impose restrictions on the entry of out-of-state branch offices. This article describes the changes in Federal and state interstate branching law since passage of IBBEA and reviews how initial (1994-1997) and evolving (1998-2004) interstate branching laws affect out-of-state branch growth. It concludes that anticompetitive state provisions restricted out-of- state growth when those provisions were more restrictive than the provisions set by IBBEA or by neighboring states.Interstate banking

A Mixed Methods Approach of Communication Campaign Development and Assessment: Identifying the Needs of an Audience and Determining the Value in Evaluation

The two articles presented in this thesis used both quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine two distinct stages of communication campaigns: research and evaluation. In the quantitative study, students (n = 440) at the University of Arkansas were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC), water resources, and water issues. A questionnaire was developed from an existing instrument, reviewed by a panel of experts, pilot tested, and revised. The researchers found participants were most aware (M = 3.23, SD = 1.14), concerned (M = 4.07, SD = 0.86), and interested (M = 4.10, SD = 0.87) in drinking water quality. Students who participated were least aware of the AWRC (M = 2.23, SD = 1.10) with 67.6% of students reporting either a low or very low level of awareness. The data showed direct positive correlations between students\u27 overall interest, awareness, and concern of water. Interest and awareness had a strong positive correlation, r = .61, p \u3c .0001. Also, interest and concern had a strong positive correlation, r = .75, p \u3c .0001. There was a moderate positive correlation between awareness and concern, r = .50, p \u3c .0001. Additionally, there were direct positive correlations between students\u27 class experiences, their interest in learning more about the AWRC and their overall interest, awareness, and concern of water. The researchers recommend the AWRC use the demographics reported to target specific audiences groups with educational messages about drinking water quality, the AWRC\u27s activities, and water research. The results indicate a need for more water centers and natural resource organizations to identify perceptions among audience groups to determine effective messaging routes. In the second study, a team of agricultural communications researchers at the University of Arkansas utilized semiotic and content analyses to qualitatively assess the visual and content elements of a commodity group\u27s promotional campaign. The purpose of this study was to analyze and assess the youth outreach portion of a communication campaign developed for a large commodity promotion board in Arkansas. The content of each creative piece was systematically analyzed using content code sheets. Visually, content was coded denotatively, then connotatively to identify emergent themes. Textual content was coded for recurrent themes. This study identified emergent themes and determined message accuracy and quality of creative pieces. Findings revealed 24 emergent themes, with 234 theme occurrences, within 11 creative pieces used to target the youth audience, a message accuracy of 81.8%, and an overall quality score between fair and average (M = 2.21; SD = 0.61). The top five themes identified through the content analysis included: how [commodity] is produced (13.25%), benefits to Arkansas economy (10.26%), [commodity] is grown in Arkansas (9.83%), promotion of [commodity] Board (9.40%), and human benefits (6.84%). In-depth interviews with key players were used to support the researchers\u27 analysis. Additional content analyses should be completed to determine themes, message accuracy, and quality of promotional materials from agricultural commodity campaigns to determine strengths and weaknesses within the industry

Aviation System Analysis Capability Air Carrier Investment Model-Cargo

The purpose of the Aviation System Analysis Capability (ASAC) Air Cargo Investment Model-Cargo (ACIMC), is to examine the economic effects of technology investment on the air cargo market, particularly the market for new cargo aircraft. To do so, we have built an econometrically based model designed to operate like the ACIM. Two main drivers account for virtually all of the demand: the growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and changes in the fare yield (which is a proxy of the price charged or fare). These differences arise from a combination of the nature of air cargo demand and the peculiarities of the air cargo market. The net effect of these two factors are that sales of new cargo aircraft are much less sensitive to either increases in GDP or changes in the costs of labor, capital, fuel, materials, and energy associated with the production of new cargo aircraft than the sales of new passenger aircraft. This in conjunction with the relatively small size of the cargo aircraft market means technology improvements to the cargo aircraft will do relatively very little to spur increased sales of new cargo aircraft

Heterogeneity of monosomy 3 in fine needle aspiration biopsy of choroidal melanoma.

PurposeTo report on the heterogeneity of monosomy 3 in a fine needle aspiration biopsy obtained transsclerally from choroidal melanoma for prognosis.MethodsAll clinical records for patients who had been diagnosed with choroidal melanoma and underwent iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy with intraoperative transscleral fine needle aspiration biopsy from January 2005 to August 20, 2011, and who had a positive result for monosomy 3 according to fluorescence in situ hybridization as reported by clinical cytogenetics testing were collected. Patient age and sex, total number of cells evaluated and number of cells positive for monosomy 3, tumor size, and metastatic outcome were recorded for each patient.ResultsA positive result for monosomy 3 was reported in 93 patients who underwent transscleral fine needle aspiration biopsy. Two patients were lost to follow-up immediately post-operatively, and the remaining 91 patients were included in this study. The mean number of cells evaluated in the biopsy was 273 (range 28 to 520). The mean percentage of cells positive for monosomy 3 was 62.9% (range 4.7%-100%). The mean tumor height was 5.91 mm (range 1.99 to 10.85 mm). Larger tumors were associated with a higher percentage of cells positive for monosomy 3. During the average follow-up interval of 28.9 months (range 3-76 months), choroidal melanoma metastasis developed in 18 (20%) patients. Patients whose tumors had 1%-33% of cells positive for monosomy 3 had a significantly lower risk of metastasis-related death compared to patients whose tumors harbored a higher percentage of monosomy 3 (p = 0.04).ConclusionsCytogenetic heterogeneity of fluorescent in situ hybridization for monosomy 3 exists in a biopsy sample. Larger tumors were more likely to have a higher percentage of monosomy 3 positive cells in the sample. Furthermore, patients whose tumors had more than 33% of cells positive for monosomy 3 had a poorer prognosis than patients whose tumors had lower percentages of monosomy 3

Recruitment and Promotion Challenges for Aviation Faculty in U.S. Universities

Unlike traditional academic disciplines that have existed since the inception of the modem university, collegiate aviation has encountered active challenges that are inherently unique. One significant challenge for university aviation search committees is to hire potential faculty member candidates that have a combination of advanced academic credentials (i.e., the doctorate) in addition to a strong aviation related employment history. Several formidable barriers present challenges in attracting candidates with industry experience into university aviation programs. For example, individuals currently employed in the aviation industry do not typically have a doctorate. Mid to high level aviation managers or professional pilots may be accustomed to making an income that can easily approach or even exceed $100,000 in the industry whereas university aviation faculty positions typically do not offer competitive salaries that effectively attract industry professionals as viable candidates. Furthermore, a master\u27s degree educated aviation industry professional who would otherwise consider a career change to university aviation may not be particularly thrilled with the expectation to engage in research and obtain a doctoral degree for promotion and tenure considerations that ultimately leads to long term employment

Transforming Teacher Meetings to Create Collaborative Impact - A Rural Georgia High School\u27s Journey

Track the journey we have taken while striving to reach the tipping point so students learn at deep levels. By shifting our work in teacher meetings to emphasize impact, we created action plans to increase deep learning. We explore how our shift from “meeting” to “Collective Efficacy” was initiated and evolved because of our emphasis on: 1) Examining Student Growth 2) Listening to Student Voice 2) Improving Teacher Clarity 3) Increasing Feedback to and from Students 4) Appreciating Peer Observations 6) Providing Impact Coaching. We provide specific examples of teacher work, student work, and data with videos and photos

Assessing a Decade of Interstate Bank Branching

Since its inception, US. banking regulation has effectively prohibited a bank from opening or owning a branch located outside of its home state, commonly referred to as interstate branching. Only since the passage of the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act (IBBEA) of 1994 have banks been able to engage in interstate branching, albeit still subject to significant state restrictions. Despite IBBEA \u27s removal of those barriers, it still allowed the states to impose anticompetitive restrictions governing the entry of out-of-state banks through the establishment of branch offices. As a result, states that were opposed to entry used IBBEA to erect barriers to out-of-state branch entry. This Article describes the changes in federal and state interstate branching law since passage of IBBEA and reviews how initial (1994-1997) and evolving (1998-2005) interstate branching laws affect out-of-state branch growth in a state\u27s banking market. We provide a detailed fifty-state plus the District of Columbia survey of each state\u27s initial interstate branch banking restrictions and changes to those provisions between 1994 and 2005. Based on the results of this survey, we employ regression analysis to determine whether there was an empirical association between restrictive state regulation and out-of-state branch banking entry. We conclude that anticompetitive state provisions restricted out-of-state growth when those provisions were more restrictive than the provisions set by neighboring states

Pre-Service Teachers Notice Student Thinking: Then What?

Research has demonstrated that pre-service teachers (PSTs) can learn to notice students’ thinking in sophisticated ways by analyzing videos of classroom interactions. What is less clear is how PSTs use what they notice about student thinking to inform how they respond. Secondary math and science PSTs from three teacher preparation programs were invited to analyze a video clip identifying noteworthy moments of student thinking and describing an instructional move they might make and why. A qualitative analysis of their responses indicates that the PSTs overwhelmingly noticed both the substance and the source of students’ ideas. However, the patterns in their responses to these moments varied. These findings suggest that PSTs would benefit from spending more time unpacking what it means to respond to students’ thinking. The study provides implications for teacher education with respect to the careful selection of classroom clips and tools to support novice teachers developing responsive teaching practices