Distribution patterns, weed incursions and origins of terrestrial flora at the Capricorn-Bunker Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

A checklist of vascular plants of the 15 Capricorn-Bunker Islands (CBI) (lat 23° 11’ to 24° 07’S; long 151° 43’ to 152° 43’E) compiled from 2007/08 surveys, recorded 131 vascular plant species including 44 (34%) native and 87 (66%) naturalized species from 55 families and 104 genera. New native records include Hernandia nymphaeifolia and Boerhavia sp. (Bargara L.Pedley 5382). An increase of about 35 exotic species over 23 years was recorded indicating a weed incursion rate of 1.5 species per annum. Cakile edentula (13 islands) and Solanum americanum (12 islands) are the most widespread exotic weeds. The naturalised flora ranged from 5% at Erskine Island (low disturbance) to 68% at Lady Elliot Island (very high disturbance). Achyranthes aspera, Argusia argentea and Pisonia grandis are the only species found on all 15 islands. Six indigenous species are limited to one island: Boerhavia sp. (Bargara L.Pedley 5382), Calophyllum inophyllum, Clerodendrum inerme, Hernandia nymphaeifolia, Stephania japonica and Ximenia americana. Patterns of plant distributions, diversity and origin are discussed. Eleven indigenous species reach their southern limit at the CBI, indicating connectivity with the Indo-Pacific region. PATN analyses using native flora generated two island groups. Tryon, Heron, North West, Masthead, Wilson, Wreck and Erskine Islands are the most closely related islands. Another group of related islands includes North Reef, Lady Musgrave, Fairfax Islands, Hoskyn and One Tree Islands. With the inclusion of the exotic flora, Lady Elliot Island separated into its own distinct group. Greater conservation management efforts are required to control and minimise the introduction of exotic weed species to islands with high human visitation

The Watlington Hoard

The Watlington Hoard was discovered in southern Oxfordshire in 2015 by a metal-detectorist, and acquired by the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford in 2017. A nationally-important find of coinage and metalwork, and the first major Viking-Age hoard from the county, it dates from the late 870s, a fundamental and tumultuous period in Britain’s history. The contents of the hoard include a highly significant collection of over 200 silver pennies, mostly of Alfred the Great, king of Wessex, and Ceolwulf II, king of Mercia, transforming our understanding of the coinage in this period, and 23 silver and gold pieces of contemporary metalwork much of which was derived from Scandinavia. Presenting the complete publication of the objects and coins in the Watlington Hoard – including an important re-assessment of the coinage of the late 870s – the authors discuss its wider implications for our understanding of hoarding in late 9th-century southern Britain, interactions between the kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia, and the movements of the Viking Great Army after the Battle of Edington in 878. The book also relates another side to the hoard’s story, beginning with its discovery and excavation, charting its path through the conservation work and acquisition by the Ashmolean Museum to the public outreach projects which ran alongside the scholarly research into the hoard

The Watlington Hoard

The Watlington Hoard was discovered in southern Oxfordshire in 2015 by a metal-detectorist, and acquired by the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford in 2017. A nationally-important find of coinage and metalwork, and the first major Viking-Age hoard from the county, it dates from the late 870s, a fundamental and tumultuous period in Britain’s history. The contents of the hoard include a highly significant collection of over 200 silver pennies, mostly of Alfred the Great, king of Wessex, and Ceolwulf II, king of Mercia, transforming our understanding of the coinage in this period, and 23 silver and gold pieces of contemporary metalwork much of which was derived from Scandinavia. Presenting the complete publication of the objects and coins in the Watlington Hoard – including an important re-assessment of the coinage of the late 870s – the authors discuss its wider implications for our understanding of hoarding in late 9th-century southern Britain, interactions between the kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia, and the movements of the Viking Great Army after the Battle of Edington in 878. The book also relates another side to the hoard’s story, beginning with its discovery and excavation, charting its path through the conservation work and acquisition by the Ashmolean Museum to the public outreach projects which ran alongside the scholarly research into the hoard

An archaeology of trade in eastern england,c.650-900 CE

The project was an examination of trade through the regional survey and analysis of archaeological data from middle Saxon England. Much previous work had focused towards long-distance trade articulated through urban ports, and the thesis aimed to provide new methods for the study of the early medieval economy by placing these urban settlements within a regional setting. It examined trade within regions as a whole, rather than concentrating only on the archaeologically most visible, i.e. long-distance trade. A comparative, study area approach was adopted for analysis, with two regions (Kent and Yorkshire) chosen. Methodology was based on both detailed analysis of artefact distributions throughout the middle Saxon period, and comparative examination of individual site assemblages. As a result, networks of trade, and the movement of goods could be assessed, and individual sites placed within this context. Specific artefact groups were chosen which highlighted different aspects of trade (coinage, pottery, stone artefects, and metalwork), and other materials, both archaeological and historical, were utilised wherever possible. Both study areas were also discussed in the context of middle Saxon eastern England, in order to provide a broader interpretation of early medieval trade. These analyses showed that the early medieval economy was more complex than has been previously proposed, with distinct regional variations apparent. A number of sites were interpreted as inland markets, their positions suggestive of an overall political control of trade, and most coin rich sites were located close enough to the coast to easily gain direct access to long-distance coastal trade. The church may have been heavily involved. Much trade appears to have been centred around the movement of utilitarian goods, including stone, foodstuffs, salt and slaves, and royal interest in the regulation of trade focused on the large revenues available through tolls

RESTITUTION-IMPROVEMENTS-RECOVERY UNDER OCCUPYING CLAIMANTS ACT

Plaintiff sought recovery for value of improvements claimed to have been made as an occupying claimant as defined by statute. He had dumped dirt and debris into the Missouri River for many years. This dirt and debris came both from his own excavations in the city and from excavations of other contractors who hired him to haul it away. The result was made land which plaintiff occupied for several years prior to ejectment by the defendant city. Verdict was directed for defendant, plaintiff appealing. Held, affirmed. Made land did not constitute valuable improvements within the meaning of the statute. Betz v. City of Sioux City, (Iowa, 1949) 38 N.W. (2d) 628

Plant strategies, dispersal and origins of flora at the northern Coral Sea Islands Territory, Australia

A checklist of vascular plants of Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve (CHNNR) (17º 11’S, 149º 00’ E to 16º 23’S, 150º 30’E and Willis Island (16º 24’S, 149º 58’E) at the northern Coral Sea Islands Territory of Australia compiled during 2006/07 surveys, recorded 30 species including 18 species indigenous to the Coral Sea Islands (60%), 10 exotic species (33%) and two that were planted (7%). Plant life-forms included: 5 species of trees and tall shrubs (17%), 2 species of low shrubs (6.5%), 21 herbs (70%), and 2 vine/creepers (6.5%). Plant dispersal for the 30 species is predominantly by human activities (40%), ocean currents (33%) and seabirds (27%). The garden species and dispersal modes at Willis Island indicate that non-residential casual human visitation at CHNNR has at present had little effect on establishment of exotic weeds. Resilience of leverage flora, floristic diversity and species origins of CHNNR are discussed in relation to its connectivity with the Melanesian region due to the South Equatorial Current operating in the region. Colubrina asiatica was recorded as a new record for oceanic islands in Australian territories. Previously recorded Ximenia americana and Digitaria ctenantha are considered locally extinct. Pattern analyses indicate that cays of similar size and vegetation structure are the most similar in floristic composition. Willis Island flora is relatively dissimilar to the CHNNR cays, due to the influence of anthropogenic activities associated with a staffed weather station

The design of a water supply distributing system for the City of St. James, Missouri

The design of the distributing system, being governed by the fire requirements, it is proposed to provide three 250-gallon fire streams under a hydrant pressure of 70 pounds per square inch for the business section, from Scioto St. to Bowman St and from Seymour St. to Meramec St with a maximum length of hose of six hundred feet; and two fire streams of a minimum total capacity of 425 gallons, each under a hydrant pressure of 72 pounds per square inch for the outlying district; the water to enter the system under a pressure of 100 pounds per square inch... The population of St. James, Mo by the census of 1910, is 1100 but provision is made for a possible increase to 1500 with a rate of consumption of 100 gallons per capita per day. For small cities, where the fire demand is relatively large, the assumption is made that it will increase but little with the increase of population. In the design of this system it is intended to provide a supply adequate to meet the demands, of the territory covered, for a period of twenty years. The system can easily be extended to take in new territory without increasing the size of the mains here designed --The Design of the Distributing System, pages 1-2

Development of a framework for person-centred physiotherapy

BackgroundThere is a growing call for healthcare to focus on person-centred practice. This can lead to improved outcomes for patients in terms of physical and psychological health. Challenges exist around how person-centredness is understood in physiotherapy. Having a physiotherapy framework would help support a shared understanding of the meaning of person-centred physiotherapy.AimThe aim of this study was to locate and synthesise studies which have a conceptualisation of person-centred physiotherapy practice. These were used to develop an overarching conceptual framework for person-centred physiotherapy practice.MethodsThe framework was developed through a systematic process involving a systematic literature search, screening studies against eligibility criteria, data extraction, data synthesis, naming and defining core constructs of person-centred physiotherapy practice, and generation of a pictorial representation of an overarching conceptual framework.ResultsThe person-centred physiotherapy framework is comprised of four constructs: physiotherapist characteristics, which focuses on the knowledge and skills for clinical proficiency, attributes of the physiotherapist, reflection and self-awareness; person-physiotherapist interaction(s), which focuses on partnership, empowerment and self-management; the environment, which focuses on coordinated healthcare delivery, culture of the organisation and practice environment, and the physical environment; and the ongoing unique journey of the person and self-management. The relationships between the constructs reflect the complex nature of person-centred practice.ConclusionsThe framework presented can be used to better understand person-centred physiotherapy with a view to enhancing practice. The framework needs to be tested further through empirical research to establish its utility

What are the views of musculoskeletal physiotherapists and patients on person-centred practice? A systematic review of qualitative studies

PurposeThere is a growing expectation of physiotherapists to adopt a person-centred approach to their practice. Person-centredness for musculoskeletal physiotherapy, however, remains an under-researched area. A synthesis of the findings from qualitative studies exploring perceptions of person-centredness in musculoskeletal physiotherapy was conducted to inform future clinical practice.MethodsENTREQ and PRISMA guidelines were used to develop a protocol for a qualitative systematic review registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020170762). Five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant primary studies. Studies were assessed for quality and data extracted. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis.ResultsA total of 3250 studies were identified and screened. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Four main themes emerged from the data: treating each patient as a unique person, the importance of communication for achieving a therapeutic alliance, necessary physiotherapist traits for person-centredness, and supporting patient empowerment.ConclusionEmpowerment of patients in musculoskeletal physiotherapy contexts might be improved through a more narrative approach to assessment, with clinical bravery recognised as a specific person-centred physiotherapy trait able to facilitate this. Physiotherapists should also consider the meaningfulness of any treatment activities they provide to maximise the person-centredness of their approach.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONEmpowerment of patients in musculoskeletal physiotherapy contexts might be improved through a more narrative approach to assessment.Clinical bravery is a person-centred physiotherapy trait that facilitates certain conversational freedom to elicit the true patient narrative.Person-centred physiotherapists should reflect on how meaningful their treatment activities are for individual MSK outpatients