6 research outputs found
Behandling av motoriske symptomer ved Parkinsons sykdom
Gjennom de siste ürene har nye terapimuligheter og økt kunnskap om gamle metoder ført til endringer i vür behandling av Parkinsons sykdom. Likevel üpner alle tilgjengelige norske og utenlandske terapianbefalinger for ulike og ofte sidestilte alternativer. Basert pü de evidensbaserte terapianbefalingene og pü vüre egne personlige erfaringer og oppfatninger presenterer vi i denne kliniske oversikten et forslag til fremgangsmüte for medisinsk behandling av motoriske symptomer ved Parkinsons sykdom
Changes to intermediary metabolites in sporadic and LRRK2 Parkinson's disease demonstrated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Background. Parkinsonâs disease (PD) remains a clinical diagnosis and biomarkers are needed to detect the disease as early as possible. Genetically determined PD provides an opportunity for studying metabolic differences in connection with disease development. Objectives. To study the levels of intermediary metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with PD, either of sporadic type or in carriers of the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation. Methods. Results from patients with sporadic PD or LRRK2-PD were compared with asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers and healthy control individuals. CSF was analysed by proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) giving reliable results for 16 intermediary metabolites. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to study group differences. Results. PLS-DA distinguished PD patients from healthy individuals based on the metabolites identified in CSF, with 2-hydroxybutyrate, glutamine, and dimethyl sulphone largely contributing to the separations. Conclusion. Speculatively, all three metabolites could alter concentration in response to metabolic changes connected with neurodegeneration; glutamine as a means of removing excess nitrogen from brain, dimethyl sulphone as an anti-inflammatory agent, and 2-hydroxybutyrate in connection with altered glutathione metabolism. Potentially, 1H-MRS is a promising tool for identifying novel biomarkers for PD
A Case of Parkinsonâs Disease with No Lewy Body Pathology due to a Homozygous Exon Deletion in Parkin
Parkinsonâs disease (PD) is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of cardinal motor signs, good response to levodopa, and no other explanations of the syndrome. Earlier diagnostic criteria required autopsy for a definite diagnosis based on neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of Lewy bodies and neurites. Here, we present a patient who developed parkinsonism around the age of 20, with an excellent response to levodopa who, at age 65, received bilateral STN deep brain stimulation (DBS). The patient died at age 79. The autopsy showed severe neuronal loss in the SN without any Lewy bodies in the brainstem or in the hemispheres. Genetic screening revealed a homozygous deletion of exon 3-4 in the Parkin gene. In this case report we discuss earlier described pathological findings in Parkin cases without Lewy body pathology, the current diagnostic criteria for PD, and their clinical relevance
Impaired synaptic function is linked to cognition in Parkinson's disease
Objective
Cognitive impairment is frequent in Parkinson's disease, but the underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood. Because cortical metabolism is reduced in Parkinson's disease and closely associated with cognitive impairment, and CSF amyloidâβ species are reduced and correlate with neuropsychological performance in Parkinson's disease, and amyloidâβ release to interstitial fluid may be related to synaptic activity; we hypothesize that synapse dysfunction links cortical hypometabolism, reduced CSF amyloidâβ, and presynaptic deposits of Îąâsynuclein. We expect a correlation between hypometabolism, CSF amyloidâβ, and the synapse relatedâmarkers CSF neurogranin and Îąâsynuclein.
Methods
Thirty patients with mildâtoâmoderate Parkinson's disease and 26 healthy controls underwent a clinical assessment, lumbar puncture, MRI, 18FâfludeoxyglucoseâPET, and a neuropsychological test battery (repeated for the patients after 2 years).
Results
All subjects had CSF amyloidâβ 1â42 within normal range. In Parkinson's disease, we found strong significant correlations between cortical glucose metabolism, CSF Aβ, Îąâsynuclein, and neurogranin. All PET CSF biomarkerâbased cortical clusters correlated strongly with cognitive parameters. CSF neurogranin levels were significantly lower in mildâtoâmoderate Parkinson's disease compared to controls, correlated with amyloidâβ and Îąâsynuclein, and with motor stage. There was little change in cognition after 2 years, but the cognitive tests that were significantly different, were also significantly associated with cortical metabolism. No such correlations were found in the control group.
Interpretation
CSF Aβ, Îąâsynuclein, and neurogranin concentrations are related to cortical metabolism and cognitive decline. Synaptic dysfunction due to Aβ and Îąâsynuclein dysmetabolism may be central in the evolution of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease