Efetividade das estratégias de ensino no desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico de graduandos de Enfermagem: uma metanálise

OBJETIVO Evaluar la efectividad de las estrategias de enseñanza utilizadas para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico (PC) de estudiantes de pregrado de Enfermería. MÉTODO Revisión sistemática con metaanálisis basado en las recomendaciones del Joanna Briggs Institute. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO y ERIC, y de banco de tesis de los cuatro continentes. La selección y evaluación inicial de los estudios y la evaluación de la calidad metodológica las llevó a cabo dos revisores de modo independiente. RESULTADOS Incluidos 12 ensayos clínicos randomizados. En el metaanálisis, de los cuatro estudios incluidos que evaluaron la estrategia del Problem Based Learning (PBL), comparada con conferencias, fue demostrada la efectividad del PBL, estadísticamente significativa (SMD=0,21 y el 95% IC=0,01-0,42; p=0,0434) para el desarrollo del PC en estudiantes de pregrado en Enfermería, y los estudios eran homogéneos (Chi cuadrado=6,10, p=0,106). CONCLUSIÓN Fue demostrada la efectividad del PBL en el incremento de los puntajes de PC global. Se necesitan hacer nuevos estudios con el fin de desarrollar, implantar y evaluar estrategias de enseñanza que se pauten en un alto rigor metodológico y se amparen en modelos teóricos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.OBJETIVO Avaliar a efetividade das estratégias de ensino utilizadas para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico (PC) em estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem. MÉTODO Revisão sistemática com metanálise baseada nas recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO e ERIC e de banco de teses dos quatro continentes. A seleção e avaliação inicial dos estudos e a avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi realizada por dois revisores de forma independente. RESULTADOS Incluídos 12 ensaios clínico randomizados. Na metanálise, dos quatro estudos incluídos que avaliaram a estratégia do Problem Based Learning (PBL), comparada a palestras, foi demonstrada a efetividade do PBL, estatisticamente significativa (SMD=0,21 e 95% IC=0,01-0,42; p=0,0434) para o desenvolvimento do PC em estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem e os estudos eram homogêneos (Qui-quadrado=6,10, p=0,106). CONCLUSÃO Foi demonstrada a efetividade do PBL no aumento dos escores de PC global. Novos estudos precisam ser feitos com o objetivo de desenvolver, implementar e avaliar estratégias de ensino, que sejam pautadas em alto rigor metodológico e amparadas em modelos teóricos de ensino-aprendizagem.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of teaching strategies used for development of critical thinking (CT) in undergraduate nursing students. METHOD Systematic review with meta-analysis based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute . Searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and a database of theses from four continents. The initial selection and evaluation of studies and assessment of methodological quality was performed by two reviewers independently. RESULTS Twelve randomized clinical trials were included in the study. In the meta-analysis of the four studies included that evaluated the strategy of problem-based learning (PBL), compared to lectures, the effectiveness of PBL was demonstrated with statistical significance (SMD = 0.21 and 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.42; p = 0.0434) for the development of CT in undergraduate nursing students, and the studies were homogeneous (chi-square = 6.10, p = 0.106). CONCLUSION The effectiveness of PBL was demonstrated in the increase of overall CT scores. Further studies need to be conducted in order to develop, implement and evaluate teaching strategies that are guided in high methodological rigor, and supported in theoretical models of teaching and learning

Effect of cavity preparation and bone mineral density on bone-interface densification and bone-implant contact during press-fit implantation of hip stems

Implant loosening and periprosthetic fracture are two major revision causes for uncemented hip stems. The chosen method of cavity preparation could play a key role for both failure mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the dependence of the broach type as well as patient bone mineral density (BMD) on densification and contact conditions at the bone-implant interface. Hip stems were implanted into cadaveric femora using compaction, blunt extraction or sharp extraction broaches with computed tomography scans performed prior to broaching, after broaching and after stem implantation. Proximal periprosthetic bone densification as well as press-fit, contact area and stem seating relative to the last broach were determined. Median bone densification was higher with the compaction and blunt extraction broaches compared to sharp extraction broaches (181% and 177%, respectively, p = 0.002). The bone densification of femora prepared with compaction broaching increased with higher BMD (R2  = 0.183, p = 0.037), while stem seating decreased with higher BMD for all broach types (R2  = 0.259, p = 0.001). Incomplete seated prostheses were associated with smaller press-fit and bone-implant contact area (R2  = 0.249, p = 0.001; R2  = 0.287, p < 0.001). Clinical Significance: The results suggest that compaction broaching maximizes bone densification in patients with higher bone density. However, there appears to be an increased risk of insufficient stem seating in high-density bone that could limit the benefits for primary stability. For lower quality bone, the broach type appears to play a lesser role, but care must be taken to limit extensive stem seating which might increase periprosthetic fracture risk. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res

Effectiveness of teaching strategies on the development of critical thinking in undergraduate nursing students: a meta-analysis

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of teaching strategies used for development of critical thinking (CT) in undergraduate nursing students. METHOD Systematic review with meta-analysis based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute . Searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and a database of theses from four continents. The initial selection and evaluation of studies and assessment of methodological quality was performed by two reviewers independently. RESULTS Twelve randomized clinical trials were included in the study. In the meta-analysis of the four studies included that evaluated the strategy of problem-based learning (PBL), compared to lectures, the effectiveness of PBL was demonstrated with statistical significance (SMD = 0.21 and 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.42; p = 0.0434) for the development of CT in undergraduate nursing students, and the studies were homogeneous (chi-square = 6.10, p = 0.106). CONCLUSION The effectiveness of PBL was demonstrated in the increase of overall CT scores. Further studies need to be conducted in order to develop, implement and evaluate teaching strategies that are guided in high methodological rigor, and supported in theoretical models of teaching and learning