Hyvinvointia peruskoulusta:yhteisöllinen oppilashuolto hyvinvoinnin edistäjänä

Tiivistelmä. Lasten ja nuorten hyvinvointi vaikuttaa heikentyneen. Ilmiö on huolestuttava, sillä se vaikuttaa monin tavoin ennen kaikkea yksilöön, mutta myös yhteiskuntaan. Kun laajaan ilmiöön etsitään ratkaisua, on kiinnitettävä huomiota koko järjestelmään. Perusopetus tavoittaa merkittävän osan lapsista ja nuorista, joten koulut ovat luonnollisia paikkoja edistää heidän hyvinvointiaan. Vaikka koulujen hyvinvointityössä yhteisöllinen oppilashuolto määritellään ensisijaiseksi oppilaiden hyvinvointia edistäväksi toiminnaksi, sen toimintaa on tutkittu vain vähän. Tämän kandidaatintutkielman tavoitteena on luoda katsaus siitä, mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat oppilaiden hyvinvointiin peruskoulussa ja miten oppilaiden hyvinvointia edistetään suomalaisessa perusopetuksessa yhteisöllisen oppilashuollon keinoin. Tämän kandidaatintutkielman menetelmänä käytetään kuvailevaa integroivaa kirjallisuuskatsausta. Menetelmä mahdollistaa tutkittavan ilmiön tarkastelun monipuolisesti, vaikka siitä ei olisi vielä juurikaan tutkimustietoa. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen aineisto koostuu kansainvälisestä hyvinvointitutkimuksesta sekä yhteisöllistä oppilashuoltoa käsittelevistä artikkeleista, raporteista ja säädöksistä. Osallisuus on yhteisöllisen oppilashuollon toiminnan lähtökohta, minkä takia tutkielmassa hyödynnetään myös sellaisia aineistoja, joista välittyy koulun henkilöstön, oppilaiden ja heidän huoltajiensa näkemykset. Tässä parityönä toteutetussa tutkielmassa on hyödynnetty triangulaation periaatetta. Prosessissa on pyritty huolellisuuteen, analyyttisyyteen ja refleksiivisyyteen. Tutkielman tulosten luotettavuutta ja yleistettävyyttä arvioitaessa on kuitenkin huomioitava kandidaatintutkielmassa käytetyn menetelmän rajallisuus. Tutkimusaineiston perusteella oppilaiden hyvinvointiin vaikuttavat tekijät peruskoulussa voidaan jakaa neljään kategoriaan: 1) yhteenkuuluvuus ja yhteisöllisyys 2) vertaissuhteet 3) luokan ilmapiiri ja opettaja-oppilassuhteet sekä 4) oppimisympäristö ja koulun ulkoiset järjestelyt. Tutkielman perusteella nämä hyvinvointiin vaikuttavat tekijät huomioidaan yhteisöllisen oppilashuollon järjestämistä ohjaavissa säädöksissä sekä koulujen käytännöissä monipuolisesti. Yhteisöllinen oppilashuolto on osa koulujen toimintakulttuuria, minkä takia sen toteutumista on haastava mitata. Hyvinvoinnin edistäminen näyttää kuitenkin ilmenevän niin koulun arkisissa tilanteissa kuin koulutyön suunnittelussa. Vaikka hyvinvoinnin edistäminen on sisäänkirjoitettu suomalaiseen kasvatustyöhön, normatiivisia ja konkreettisia ohjeita yhteisöllisen oppilashuollon toteuttamiseksi on vähän. Tämän tutkielman perusteella tutkimusta peruskoulussa toteutettavasta hyvinvointityöstä ja toisaalta sen vaikuttavuudesta tarvitaankin lisää. Aihetta voitaisiin tutkia tarkemmin myös pro gradu -tutkielmassa.Well-being from school : promoting pupils’ well-being through collective pupil welfare services. Abstract. The well-being of children and young people appears to have decreased. This phenomenon is worrying because it affects the individual and society in many ways. When looking for a solution to this widespread phenomenon, attention must be paid to the whole system. Basic education reaches a significant proportion of children and young people hence schools are natural places to promote their well-being. Although collective pupil welfare services are defined as a priority activity for promoting the well-being of pupils, little is known about it. The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to provide an overview of the factors affecting the well-being of pupils in comprehensive school and how to promote the well-being of pupils in Finnish basic education through collective pupil welfare services. The method used in this thesis is descriptive integrative literature review. It allows a diverse analysis of the phenomenon although it is not widely researched. The data of this review consists of international welfare research and articles, reports and regulations on collective pupil welfare services. The thesis aims to also consider the views of school personnel, pupils and their carers as their involvement is the basis for pupil welfare services. This thesis is an overview of a wide topic. This thesis is collaborative research that has taken advantage of the principle of triangulation. The process sought to be analytical, reflective and thorough. When assessing the reliability and generality of its results, the limitations of the method used in this thesis must be considered. Based on the data of the review the factors affecting the well-being of pupils in comprehensive school can be divided into four categories: 1) relatedness and communality 2) peer relations 3) class atmosphere and teacher-student relationships and 4) learning environment and external arrangements in school. These factors appear to be considered in multiple ways in the regulations of collective pupil welfare services and school practices. Since collective pupil welfare services is part of the school culture, it is challenging to measure its implementation. However, the promotion of well-being seems to emerge in organizing the education and in everyday school practices. Although the promotion of well-being is included in Finnish education there are few normative guidelines for the implementation of collective pupil welfare services. Based on this review more research is needed on the welfare work and its effectiveness in comprehensive schools. This subject could be further researched on Master’s thesis

Does nitrate fertilization induce nox emission from scots pine (p. sylvestris) shoots?

Peer reviewe

Subclinical cardiotoxicity following adjuvant dose-escalated FEC, high-dose chemotherapy, or CMF in breast cancer

We compared adjuvant chemotherapy-related myocardial damage by antimyosin scintigraphy in patients who received either nine cycles of FEC (fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) where the doses of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide were escalated according to the leucocyte nadir (group I, n = 14), three cycles of FEC followed by high-dose chemotherapy with alkylating agents (CTCb) given with the support of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (group II, n = 14), or six cycles of standard intravenous CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil; group III, n = 8). The cardiac uptake of In-111-antimyosin-Fab (R11D10) antibody was measured and the heart-to-lung ratio (HLR) calculated 8–36 months after the last dose of chemotherapy. Cardiac antimyosin antibody uptake was considerably higher among patients treated with nine cycles of dose-escalated FEC than among those who were treated with three cycles of FEC and high-dose CTCb (HLR, median 1.98; range 1.36–2.24 vs median 1.51; range 1.20–1.82;P< 0.001), or those treated with CMF (median 1.44; range 1.15–1.68;P< 0.001). The difference between groups II and III was not significant (P> 0.1). A linear association was found between the cumulative dose of epirubicin and the cardiac antimyosin uptake (P< 0.001). We conclude that subclinical cardiac damage caused by three cycles of conventional-dose FEC followed by one cycle of high-dose CTCb chemotherapy is small as compared with the damage caused by dose-escalated FEC. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig

Genome-wide analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance metabolites revealed parent-of-origin effect on triglycerides in medium very low-density lipoprotein in PTPRD gene

The aim of the study was to explore the parent-of-origin effects (POEs) on a range of human nuclear magnetic resonance metabolites. Materials & methods: We search for POEs in 14,815 unrelated individuals from Estonian and Finnish cohorts using POE method for the genotype data imputed with 1000 G reference panel and 82 nuclear magnetic resonance metabolites. Results: Meta-analysis revealed the evidence of POE for the variant rs1412727 in PTPRD gene for the metabolite: triglycerides in medium very low-density lipoprotein. No POEs were detected for genetic variants that were previously known to have main effect on circulating metabolites. Conclusion: We demonstrated possibility to detect POEs for human metabolites, but the POEs are weak, and therefore it is hard to detect those using currently available sample sizes.Peer reviewe

Osasairauspäiväraha Suomessa : Etuutta saaneiden kokemuksia ja työhön paluu

0,00 euro

Health and behavioral survey of over 8000 Finnish cats

Peer reviewe

Poor survival outcomes in HER2 positive breast cancer patients with low grade, node negative tumours

We present a retrospective analysis on a cohort of low-grade, node-negative patients showing that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status significantly affects the survival in this otherwise very good prognostic group. Our results provide support for the use of adjuvant trastuzumab in patients who are typically classified as having very good prognosis, not routinely offered standard chemotherapy, and who as such do not fit current UK prescribing guidelines for trastuzumab

Psychotherapeutic and vocational interventions among young adults with work disability due to mental disorders in Finland.

BACKROUND: Little is known about treatment and rehabilitation received and planned among young adults with work disability due to a mental disorder. AIMS: To examine the implemented psychotherapeutic and vocational interventions and treatment plans among young adults with work disability due to a mental disorder. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected from medical records of young Finnish adults aged 18-34 with a long-term work disability history due to a mental disorder (N = 1163). The participant characteristics associated with four types of interventions were analyzed using log-binomial regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, 34% had participated in a psychotherapeutic intervention. Of the non-students, 26% had participated in vocational intervention. For 46% of the non-students, neither type of intervention was planned. Both implemented and planned psychotherapeutic interventions were associated with female sex, high education, attachment to employment, and absence of substance abuse. Low education and childhood adversity were associated with implemented vocational interventions and absence of substance abuse with planned vocational interventions. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: There is an unmet need for psychotherapeutic interventions among men, among those with lower socio-economic status, and among those with poor attachment to labor market. In addition, there is a lack of vocational interventions for those with high education. People with substance abuse are largely excluded from both types of interventions

Benefit of pazopanib in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours : results from a phase II trial (SSG XXI, PAGIST)

Background: Patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) resistant to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and sunitinib may be treated with regorafenib, which resulted in a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 4.8 months in the GRID trial. Also, pazopanib, another tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (PAZOGIST) in the third line, which showed a PFS of 45.2% 4 months after study entry, but patients intolerant to sunitinib were also included. We designed another trial evaluating pazopanib, enrolling only patients with progression on both imatinib and sunitinib. Patients and methods: Since all eligible patients had progressive disease, we preferred a non-randomized, phase II multicentre trial so that all patients could receive a potentially active drug. Patients had a progressive metastatic or locally advanced GIST and were >= 18 years of age, with a performance status of 0-2, and sufficient organ functions. The primary endpoint was disease control rate (defined as complete remission thorn partial remission thorn stable disease) at 12 weeks on pazopanib. A Simon's two-stage analysis was used with an interim analysis 12 weeks after enrollment of the first 22 patients, and if passed, there was a full enrolment of 72 patients. GIST mutational analysis was done, and most patients had pazopanib plasma concentration measured after 12 weeks. Results: Seventy-two patients were enrolled. The disease control rate after 12 weeks was 44%, and the median PFS was 19.6 weeks (95% confidence interval 12.6-23.4 weeks). Pazopanib-related toxicity was moderate and manageable. No statistically significant differences were found related to mutations. Plasma concentrations of pazopanib had a formal but weak correlation with outcome. Conclusion: Pazopanib given in the third line to patients with GIST progressing on both imatinib and sunitinib was beneficial for about half of the patients. The PAGIST trial confirms the results from the PAZOGIST trial, and the median PFS achieved seems comparable to the PFS achieved with regorafenib in the third-line setting.Peer reviewe