Species niches, not traits, determine abundance and occupancy patterns: A multi‐site synthesis

International audienceAim: Locally abundant species are usually widespread, and this pattern has been related to properties of the niches and traits of species. However, such explanations fail to account for the potential of traits to determine species niches and often overlook statistical artefacts. Here, we examine how trait distinctiveness determines the abilities of species to exploit either common habitats (niche position) or a range of habitats (niche breadth) and how niche position and breadth, in turn, affect abundance and occupancy. We also examine how statistical artefacts moderate these relationships. Location: Sixteen sites in the Neotropics. Time period 1993–2014. Major taxa studied Aquatic invertebrates from tank bromeliads. Methods: We measured the environmental niche position and breadth of each species and calculated its trait distinctiveness as the average trait difference from all other species at each site. Then, we used a combination of structural equation models and a meta-analytical approach to test trait–niche relationships and a null model to control for statistical artefacts. Results: The trait distinctiveness of each species was unrelated to its niche properties, abundance and occupancy. In contrast, niche position was the main predictor of abundance and occupancy; species that used the most common environmental conditions found across bromeliads were locally abundant and widespread. Contributions of niche breadth to such patterns were attributable to statistical artefacts, indicating that effects of niche breadth might have been overestimated in previous studies. Main conclusions: Our study reveals the generality of niche position in explaining one of the most common ecological patterns. The robustness of this result is underscored by the geographical extent of our study and our control of statistical artefacts. We call for a similar examination across other systems, which is an essential task to understand the drivers of commonness across the tree of life

A new Cangoderces (Araneae, Telemidae) from DR Congo, the first telemid from Central Africa

Jocqué, Rudy, Jocque, Merlijn, Mbende, Menard (2022): A new Cangoderces (Araneae, Telemidae) from DR Congo, the first telemid from Central Africa. Zootaxa 5162 (4): 430-438, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5162.4.

Heterachthes caceresae Santos-Silva & Roie & Jocqué 2021, sp. nov.

Heterachthes caceresae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BED20ABD-5CD7-4C08-A1B3-A729208E0830 Figs 1–6 Diagnosis Heterachthes caceresae sp. nov. (Figs 1–6) is similar to H. viticulus Martins, 1970 (Figs 7–10), but differs as follows: antennae dark brown; distance between antennal tubercles less than half of basal width of scape; prothorax in male proportionally longer (Fig. 1); pronotum not transversely rugose (Fig. 5). In H. viticulus, antennae are reddish, distance between antennal tubercles distinctly greater than half of basal width of scape, prothorax in male proportionally shorter (Fig. 10), and pronotum is distinctly transversely rugose in both sexes (Figs 7–9). Etymology This species is named after Berta Isabel Cáceres Flores (Berta Cáceres for short) who supported indigenous communities and was an active opponent of illegal logging and mass plantations. She was murdered at her home in March 2016. Type material Holotype HONDURAS • ♂; Cortés, Cusuco National Park (Base Camp); 20 Jun. 2015; local collector leg.; light trap; RBINS 34.248. Paratype HONDURAS • ♂; Cortés, Cusuco National Park (Guanales); 13 Aug. 2015; local collector leg.; MZSP. Measurements in mm (male holotype / male paratype) Total length, 14.05/9.85; prothoracic length, 2.95/2.10; anterior prothoracic width, 1.80/1.25; posterior prothoracic width, 1.90/1.35; humeral width, 2.80/1.90; elytral length, 9.00/6.55. Description Male holotype (Figs 1–5) COLORATION. Integument mostly dark brown, dark reddish-brown on some areas; apex of palpomeres yellowish-brown; elytra with two longitudinal light maculae dorsally, one yellowish-brown on anterior half, another pale yellow on posterior half. HEAD. Central plate of frons well-delimited, large transversely rugose-punctate; remaining surface of frons finely, sparsely punctate laterally, slightly rugose toward antennal tubercles; with a few short yellowish-white setae, including on posterior area of central plate. Vertex finely, shallowly, sparsely punctate, except area close to prothorax densely micropunctate, with fine punctures interspersed; area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes flattened; with a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae near posterior margin of upper eye lobes. Area behind eyes coarsely, somewhat rugose-punctate close to eye, shallowly, partially confluently punctate close to prothorax on area behind upper eye lobe, transversely striate-punctate close to prothorax on area behind lower eye lobe; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae close to eye, more abundant behind lower eye lobe, glabrous close to prothorax. Genae finely, partially confluently punctate, except smooth apex; with short, sparse yellowish-brown setae, except glabrous apex. Antennal tubercles moderately elevated, with rounded apex; finely, sparsely punctate, with a few short yellowish-white setae. Median groove distinct from clypeus to area between upper eye lobes. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on posterior half, transversely striate-punctate, with short, sparse yellowish-brown setae, and long, erect setae of same color interspersed on anterior half. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.43 times length of scape, 0.29 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.63 times length of scape, 0.43 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 2.4 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at apex of antennomere VII. Left antenna distinctly 12-segmented; antennomere XI of right antenna with division into a twelfth segment slightly marked. Scape gradually widened toward apex, finely, somewhat abundantly punctate basally, punctures sparser toward apex; with short, sparse yellowish setae, and long, erect setae of same color interspersed (erect setae more abundant ventrally). Pedicel with a few short, yellowish setae dorsally, and a few long, erect setae of same color ventrally. Antennomeres with abundantly yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; antennomeres III–VI with long, erect yellowish setae ventrally, setae gradually sparser toward VI; antennomeres III–X with long, erect yellowish setae apically. Antennal formula based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.57; pedicel = 0.11; IV = 0.74; V = 0.90; VI = 0.90; VII = 0.78; VIII = 0.77; IX = 0.77; X = 0.74; XI = 1.01 (left antenna: XI = 0.65; XII = 0.36). THORAX. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide; anterior constriction slightly marked; posterior constriction well-marked; nearly parallel-sided between constrictions. Pronotum with five slightly distinct gibbosities, one on each side of anterior third, one on each side of posterior third, another centrally, least distinct, on posterior half; somewhat finely, sparsely punctate; with long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae; with narrow grayish-white pubescent band close to posterior margin, more distinct laterally. Sides of prothorax with a few fine punctures on posterior ¾, transversely striate on anterior quarter; with a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae superiorly; area close to prosternum with dense golden pubescent band (yellower depending on light intensity) from apex of anterior quarter to near procoxal cavity (widened in this latter area), extended to posterior margin on right side. Prosternum smooth, with a few long, erect yellowish-brown setae on posterior half, transversely striate, with a few, both short and long yellowish-brown setae on anterior half. Prosternal process strongly narrowed centrally, glabrous. Mesoventrite with a few short yellowish-brown setae. Mesanepisternum with dense, golden pubescent band superiorly, glabrous on area close to mesoventrite; mesepimeron with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Mesoventral process distinctly flap-shaped on sides of apex, apex centrally emarginate. Metanepisternum with dense golden pubescence. Sides of metaventrite with dense golden pubescence close to metanepisternum (widened posteriorly); remaining surface with long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae, except glabrous central area. Scutellum with dense golden pubescence. ELYTRA. Coarsely, sparsely punctate, with a long erect, yellowish-brown seta emerging from each puncture (punctures and setae absent on light areas); surface lacking pubescence; apex subtruncate, slightly emarginate centrally. LEGS. Femora pedunculate-clavate, with long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae. Tibiae with both, short and long, abundant yellowish-brown setae, except posterior area of ventral surface with dense, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence. Metatarsomere I slightly longer than II–III together. ABDOMEN. Ventrites with minute, sparse yellowish-white setae, sparser centrally, and long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae on about posterior half (about posterior ¾ on ventrite I); apical margin of ventrite V truncate, slightly concave centrally. Remarks We consider that the presence of 12 segments in the antennae is a variation or aberration in the holotype. This is because the 12 th antennomere on the right antenna is not distinctly separate from the 11 th, and the paratype has the antennae distinctly 11-segmented.Published as part of Santos-Silva, Antonio, Roie, Martijn Van & Jocqué, Merlijn, 2021, Longhorned woodboring beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Cusuco National Park, Honduras: new species, new records, and revalidation, pp. 37-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 on pages 39-42, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1469, http://zenodo.org/record/523606

Phrynidius guifarroi Santos-Silva & Roie & Jocqué 2021, sp. nov.

Phrynidius guifarroi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A45ED7C3-2D75-4648-A768-4B1C64F1768F Figs 20–25 Diagnosis Phrynidius guifarroi sp. nov. is similar to P. jonesi Gutiérrez, Toledo-Hernández & Noguera, 2020 (Figs 26–30), but differs as follows: pronotum with wide, elevated crest centrally, from anterior fifth to after middle, with its dorsal surface rugose and uniformly convex (Figs 24–25); elytra with nearly glabrous area on basal fifth, close to scutellum and suture; and posterior tubercles of the elytra smaller. In P. jonesi, the central crest of the pronotum is nearly conical, placed before the middle (Fig. 26), elytra with large nearly glabrous area placed centrally, and posterior tubercles of the elytra distinctly larger. Etymology This species is named after Mario Guifarro from Olancho, Honduras, a hunter and gold miner who turned into a dedicated conservationist when he experienced the degradation of rainforests in eastern Honduras. He was murdered in Moskitia in 2007 while setting up a protected forest zone. Type material Holotype HONDURAS • ♀; Cortés, Cusuco National Park, Danto, close to camp; 29 Jun. 2015; M. Jocqué leg.; RBINS 34.248. Paratype HONDURAS • ♀; Cortés, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp, Transect 4; 14 Jul. 2015; T. Brown leg.; MZSP. Measurements in mm (female holotype / female paratype) Total length, 11.25/ 12.05; prothoracic length, 3.05 / 3.45; anterior prothoracic width, 2.65 / 3.10; posterior prothoracic width, 2.60 / 2.90; widest prothoracic width, 3.10 / 3.45; humeral width, 2.70 / 3.10; elytral length, 7.30 / 7.85. Description Female holotype (Figs 20–24) COLORATION. Integument mostly black dorsally and laterally, mostly dark brown ventrally; head mostly black except apex of labrum orangish brown, basal area of anteclypeus, parts of labium, and apex of palpomeres reddish brown; scape, pedicel, and antennomeres III–IV dark brown; remaining antennomeres dark reddish brown. Posterocentral area of pronotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum orangish brown. HEAD. Frons with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, and short, sparse whitish setae interspersed. Vertex and area behind eyes coarsely, sparsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, except glabrous median groove. Antennal tubercles moderately elevated, slightly separated from each other, together forming V-shaped sulcus; pubescence as on frons, except narrow glabrous apex. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin (more distinct on vertex). Genae coarsely, sparsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except narrow glabrous apex. Wide central area of postclypeus with pubescence as on frons, with long, erect brownish setae near anteclypeus; sides glabrous. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior ⅔, inclined at anterior third; posterior ⅔ smooth close to anteclypeus, finely punctate close to inclined area; with very sparse yellowish-white pubescence on posterior ⅔, nearly glabrous close to anteclypeus, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae directed forward close to inclined area; anterior third with moderately short and abundant nearly golden setae. Gulamentum glabrous except narrow anterior area with pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Lower eye lobes 0.43 times as long as genal length; distance between upper eye lobes 0.42 times length of scape, 0.40 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.75 times length of scape, 0.71 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 1.55 times elytral length, almost reaching elytral apex. Scape, pedicel, antennomere III, and basal 4/5 of IV with dense pale yellowishbrown pubescence obscuring integument, and short, sparse, decumbent or arched yellowish-white and brown setae interspersed; apical fifth of antennomere IV, and remaining antennomeres with very sparse yellowish-white pubescence. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.98; pedicel = 0.09; IV = 0.81; V = 0.32; VI = 0.30; VII = 0.30; VIII = 0.28; IX = 0.30; X = 0.26; XI = 0.28. THORAX. Prothorax as long as wide; sides arched on anterior quarter, slightly convergent, irregular on posterior ¾. Pronotum entirely rugose; in lateral view, distinctly, gradually elevated from anterior margin to near middle, then distinctly, gradually inclined toward posterior margin; with wide, elevated crest centrally, from anterior fifth to after middle, with its dorsal surface rugose and uniformly convex; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate; with dense pale yellow pubescence, not obscuring punctures, except nearly glabrous posterocentral area, and small, irregular glabrous area on each side of middle. Sides of prothorax entirely rugose; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate; with dense pale yellowishbrown pubescence not obscuring punctures. Prosternum with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument laterally, moderately sparser centrally. Prosternal process gradually widened from base to posterior quarter, strongly, moderately abruptly widened on posterior quarter; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, and irregular areas with slightly sparser pubescence interspersed. Central area of mesoventrite with moderately abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence distinctly not obscuring integument; sides of mesoventrite, mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, metanepisternum, metaventrite, and mesoventral process with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence; mesanepisternum coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate; apex of mesoventrite emarginate centrally; metaventrite with short, decumbent, sparse yellowish-white setae interspersed. Scutellum very narrow, transverse, glabrous. ELYTRA. Entirely rugose, coarsely, deeply, moderately abundantly punctate; widest area (without tubercles) 1.8 times humeral width; with large conical tubercles, with glabrous apex; surface with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, except glabrous apex of tubercles and glabrous large area close to scutellum and suture on basal fifth. LEGS. Femora with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, glabrous or almost so on apex, and short, decumbent yellowish-white setae interspersed. Tibiae with dense light beige pubescence, and short, decumbent yellowish-white setae interspersed, except almost glabrous area close to apex; apical margin of all tibiae, and dorsal area close to apex of mesotibiae with thick, nearly golden setae. Dorsal surface of tarsomeres with minute, slightly distinct yellowish-brown pubescence, not obscuring integument; central area of apex of tarsomeres I and II with two pairs of short, thick yellowish setae. ABDOMEN. Ventrites with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence. Remarks The male of P. jonesi examined by us is from the same Mexican state as the holotype (Gutiérrez et al. 2020): “ Chiapas: Montebello lake area, 15-16.VI.1987, J.E. Wappes leg.” (ACMT).Published as part of Santos-Silva, Antonio, Roie, Martijn Van & Jocqué, Merlijn, 2021, Longhorned woodboring beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Cusuco National Park, Honduras: new species, new records, and revalidation, pp. 37-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 on pages 48-52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1469, http://zenodo.org/record/523606

Longhorned woodboring beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Cusuco National Park, Honduras: new species, new records, and revalidation

An ongoing study of the longhorned beetle fauna in the cloud forests of Cusuco National Park revealed multiple additions to the Honduran fauna. Four new species are described: Heterachthes caceresae sp. nov. (Cerambycinae, Neoibidionini), Oreodera kawasae sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Acrocinini), Phrynidius guifarroi sp. nov. (Lamiinae, Apomecynini), and Strangalia lunai sp. nov. (Lepturinae, Lepturini). Additionally, Lagocheirus parvulus Casey, 1913 (Lamiinae, Acanthocinini) is revalidated as Lagocheirus araneiformis parvulus Casey, 1913 (Lagochirus [sic]). We recorded Arixiuna varians (Bates, 1881) (Lamiinae, Hemilophini) for the first time for Honduras. These findings confirm how poorly the invertebrate biodiversity of cloud forests is documented and hints at the large number of species we are losing with the ongoing deforestation

Arixiuna varians

Arixiuna varians (Bates, 1881) Hemilophus varians Bates, 1881a: 222. Hemilophus varians – Bates 1881b: 305. — Lameere 1883: 78 (cat.). — Aurivillius 1923: 587. — Blackwelder 1946: 623 (checklist). — Chemsak & Linsley 1970: 411 (lect.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 159 (cat.). — Gilmour 1965: 634 (cat.). — Noguera & Chemsak 1996: 408 (cat.). Arixiuna varians – Martins & Galileo 1992: 127. — Monné & Giesbert 1994: 282 (checklist). — Monné 1995: 14 (cat.); 2005: 453 (cat.); 2021: 664 (cat.). — Hovore 2006: 378 (distr.). — Monné & Hovore 2006: 256 (checklist). — Swift et al. 2010: 57 (distr.). — Bezark 2021a: 302. Material examined HONDURAS • 1 ♂; Cortés, Cusuco National Park, Base camp; 10 Jun. 2017; ED. Leg.; RBINS. New formal country record Remarks Bates (1881a) described H. varians based on a series of males and females from Mexico and Guatemala, and reported on the elytral color (translated from Latin): “Elytra entirely fulvous, or posteriorly black and fulvous anteriorly, or with the humerus fulvous [remaining surface black].” Martins & Galileo (1992), erected Arixiuna, and separated it from Hemilophus Audinet-Serville, 1835 by the absence of whitish pubescence on sides of the elytra (present in Hemilophus), and from Cuicirama Martins & Galileo, 1992 by the non orthogonal humerus (orthogonal in Cuicirama) (Martins & Galileo 1992). Later, Galileo & Martins (2005) described Hemilocrinitus and separated it from Arixiuna especially by the antennal tubercles close to each other (distant in Arixiuna). Hovore (2006) reported the geographical distribution of Arixiuna varians as “eMEX (VC), GUA-CR”, meaning that the geographical distribution of the species is from east Mexico (Veracruz), and from Guatemala to Costa Rica. Swift et al. (2010) reported that the species occurs from Mexico (Veracruz) to Costa Rica (Heredia). Monné (2021) reported the species as present in Mexico (Veracruz), Guatemala, and Costa Rica. We think that the report by Monné is better because, although it is very probable that the species also occurs in Honduras and Nicaragua, there is no evidence.Published as part of Santos-Silva, Antonio, Roie, Martijn Van & Jocqué, Merlijn, 2021, Longhorned woodboring beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Cusuco National Park, Honduras: new species, new records, and revalidation, pp. 37-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 on page 52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1469, http://zenodo.org/record/523606

Strangalia lunai Santos-Silva & Roie & Jocqué 2021, sp. nov.

Strangalia lunai sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3E106974-DA9C-4583-8C19-1948CF655C00 Figs 31–35 Diagnosis The general appearance of Strangalia lunai sp. nov. is similar to that of S. beltii (Bates, 1872), S. bivittata (Bates, 1870), S. doyeni Chemsak & Linsley, 1976, S. eickworti Chemsak & Noguera, 1997, S. elegans Giesbert, 1997, S. emaciata (Bates, 1880), S. instabilis Giesbert, 1985, S. occidentalis Linsley & Chemsak, 1976, S. pectoralis (Bates, 1885), S. picticornis (Bates, 1869), S. sallaei (Bates, 1885), S. saltator (Bates, 1885), S. sexocellata Hovore & Chemsak, 2005, and S. veracruzana Hovore & Chemsak, 2005 (see photographs on Bezark 2021b). Males of the new species differ from those of S. beltii, S. bivittata, S. elegans, S. picticornis, S. saltator, and S. veracruzana by the pronotum lacking two longitudinal dark bands (present in all these species); from S. doyeni by the pronotum mostly black (orange in S. doyeni), and by the sides of the abdominal ventrite V not strongly flap-shaped (noticeably flap-shaped in S. doyeni); from S. eickworti by the distal antennomeres not distinctly yellowish (distinctly yellowish in S. eickworti), and profemora bicolorous (unicolorous in S. eickworti); from S. emaciata by last antennomeres not distinctly yellowish (distinctly yellowish in S. emaciata), and maxillary palpomere IV not widened apically (widely expanded in S. emaciata); from S. instabilis by the distal antennomeres not distinctly yellowish (distinctly yellowish in S. instabilis), and sides of the abdominal ventrite V not strongly flap-shaped (noticeably flap-shaped in S. instabilis); from S. occidentalis by the sides of the abdominal ventrite V not strongly flap-shaped (noticeably flap-shaped in S. occidentalis); from S. pectoralis by the elytra proportionally longer (shorter in S. pectoralis); from S. sexocellata by the antennae only surpassing middle of elytra (reaching elytral apex in S. sexocellata). Males of S. sallaei are unknown. However, based on other similar species, the pronotum probably has two dark longitudinal bands and the antennae are distinctly bicolorous. Etymology This species is named after Carlos Antonio Luna Lùopez (Carlos Luna for short), former director of La Unidad Ambientalista (UMA) and environmental activist. He was murdered in Catacamas, May 1998. Type material Holotype HONDURAS • ♂; Cortés, Cusuco National Park, Base Camp; 12 Jun. 2015; local collector leg.; RBINS 34.248. Measurements in mm (male holotype) Total length, 19.50; prothoracic length, 3.00; anterior prothoracic width, 1.45; posterior prothoracic width, 2.90; humeral width, 3.50; elytral length, 11.30. Description Male holotype (Figs 31–35) COLORATION. Head mostly black; anterior area of clypeus orangish brown; labrum brown; mouthparts with some areas orangish brown; antennae black except ventral surface of antennomeres IX–XI partially orangish brown; mandibles black. Prothorax black except orange posterocentral macula on pronotum, most of posterolateral angles, and irregular macula on sides of prothorax, between posterolateral angles and coxal cavity. Mesoventrite dark brown, almost black; mesanepisternum brownish, with large orange macula near mesepimeron, and margins darkened; mesepimeron orange close to metanepisternum; mesoventral process orange except black margins. Metanepisternum brown with irregular orangish areas interspersed. Metaventrite brown (darker on large central area), except wide V-shaped orange macula anteriorly (this macula distinctly widened laterally). Scutellum brown. Elytra mostly orange, except: narrow black band along suture, from scutellum to apex; black epipleural margin, from base to near apex; macula on anterior quarter, fused with epipleural black area, following toward dorsal surface, not reaching black sutural area and humerus (anterior margin of this macula deeply notched laterally and dorsally); black semicircular macula before middle, fused with epipleural black macula, following toward dorsal surface, not reaching black sutural area; large, elongate black macula starting centrally, ending about posterior quarter, distinctly reaching dorsal surface, not reaching black sutural area, with its anterior region fused with black epipleural margin, then gradually separated from epipleural margins toward its narrowed apex (this macula gradually brownish toward its apex); posterior seventh mostly brownish. Pro- and mesocoxae black basally, orange on remaining surface; metacoxae mostly orange, with some areas slightly brownish. Profemora orange except black posterior ⅔ of dorsal surface and superior area of sides; mesofemora orange except black posterior half of dorsal surface, and entire apex (black posterior area gradually narrowed laterally); metafemora orange on basal half, black on posterior half. Tibiae and tarsi black. Abdominal ventrite I orange except narrow, transverse brownish band close to posterior margin; II black, except orange centrally; III black basally (this area distinctly widened laterally), orange on remaining surface; IV mostly orangish brown, with on brown macula on each side of anterior region, and brown apex; V orangish brown centrally (this area slightly darker than on IV), brown laterally. HEAD. Frons somewhat elevated along median groove, this area drop-shaped with its widest area toward clypeus, depressed inside, its sides as a carinate projection of antennal tubercles, smooth except a few fine punctures on its widest area; sides and central area close to clypeus finely, abundantly punctate; with short, erect, moderately abundantly yellowish-brown setae on punctate area, with a few long, erect setae of same color interspersed, glabrous on elevated central area; frontoclypeal suture absent. Vertex finely, densely, partially confluently punctate before constricted neck, punctures finer and denser than on frons; neck finely, abundantly punctate, punctures coarser than on anterior region of vertex, not confluent, slightly sparser centrally; area before neck with short, abundant yellowish-brown setae, and a few long, erect setae of same color interspersed; neck with yellowish-brown setae shorter, distinctly sparser than on anterior region of vertex, especially centrally. Tumid area behind upper eye lobes smooth close to vertex, finely, sparsely punctate close to lower eye lobe; neck area finely, sparsely punctate (punctures coarser than on vertex); with abundant erect setae close to vertex, with short, sparse yellowish-brown setae on remaining surface. Tumid area behind lower eye lobes obliquely striate-punctate; neck area longitudinally striate-punctate; with short, sparse yellowish-brown setae, longer, slightly more abundant on tumid area close to inferior margin. Genae about as long as maximum width of lower eye lobe; carinate close to frons and clypeus, longitudinally depressed close to carina; finely, abundantly punctate on depressed area, finely, sparsely punctate on remaining surface; with short, sparse yellowish-brown setae, slightly longer and more abundant close to carina. Clypeus finely, moderately sparsely punctate close to frons, smooth close to labrum; with short, erect, moderately sparse yellowish-brown setae on punctate area, longer laterally, glabrous on smooth area. Labrum with short, sparse golden setae centrally, longer, abundant laterally, and fringe of golden setae on anterior margin. Maxillary palpomeres IV not widened apically, general shape nearly fusiform. Gulamentum somewhat rugose-punctate, with short, erect, moderately abundant yellowish-brown setae, and a few long setae of same color interspersed. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.95 times length of scape, 0.49 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.83 times length of scape, 0.42 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae 1.35 times elytral length, surpassing middle of elytra; with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, appearing to be darker due to integument color, especially depending on angle of light source; antennomeres III–IV cylindrical, antennomere V slightly widened toward apex; antennomeres VI–X subserrate; antennomere XI cylindrical in basal ⅔, acutely narrowed toward apex in posterior third; sensory depressions on antennomeres VIII–XI eroding apex of segment. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.68; pedicel = 0.11; IV = 0.82; V = 1.00; VI = 0.86; VII = 0.79; VIII = 0.68; IX = 0.65; X = 0.57; XI = 0.79. THORAX. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, with anterior constriction well-marked; sides gradually widened from rounded anterolateral angles to acute posterolateral angles, rounded, widened before middle. Pronotum with anterior margin straight, and posterior margin rounded, widely projected centrally; surface finely, densely punctate, except smooth central area near anterior margin, and central longitudinal sulcus from apex of anterior quarter to base of posterior quarter; with abundant golden pubescence close to anterior margin (pubescence absent on smooth area), sides, and on posterocentral orange macula; remaining surface with yellowish-brown pubescence distinctly not obscuring integument. Sides of prothorax finely, densely punctate, except nearly smooth anterior area, and coarse, shallow, sparse punctures interspersed on posterior half; with abundant golden pubescence not obscuring integument, except nearly glabrous anterior area (with a few long, erect setae close to prosternum on this latter area). Prosternum finely, densely punctate on sides of posterior half, punctures sparse centrally, mostly smooth centrally, somewhat rugose-punctate laterally on anterior half; sides with abundant, short, bristly golden setae, distinctly sparer centrally. Prosternal process laminiform on wide central area. Mesoventrite finely, densely punctate except smooth lateral apices; with golden pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous smooth areas. Mesoventral process somewhat tumid centrally; with abundant golden pubescence on posterior half. Mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with abundant yellowish pubescence. Metanepisternum and metaventrite with abundant golden pubescence; metaventrite lacking tubercles or carina centrally near apex. Scutellum with abundant golden pubescence. ELYTRA. Distinctly narrowed from humerus to about middle, then with outer and sutural margins nearly parallel sided toward oblique apex; outer apical angle spiniform; sutural angle with short spiniform projection; moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate throughout; orange area with golden pubescence not obscuring integument, except area closer to dark integument with decumbent, moderately abundant black setae; black area with grayish pubescence not obscuring integument, appearing to be darker depending on angle of light source, especially due to integument color. Femora with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, appearing to be darker on black area due to integument color and angle source. Tibiae with golden pubescence, denser posteriorly, especially ventrally; metatibia with tubercle or plate apically. ABDOMEN. Surpassing elytral apex about middle of forth segment. Ventrites with abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument; ventrite V excavated for less than ¾ its length, with sides not strongly flap-shaped. Remarks Strangalia lunai sp. nov. can be included in the alternative of couplet ‘26’ from Giesbert (1997): 26(25). Pronotum about as long as width across base; disk with narrow, longitudinal, median, glabrous line......................................................................................................................................... 26’ – Pronotum shorter than width across base; disk without glabrous line................................... 27 26’(26). Antennae nearly reaching elytral apex; outer elytral margin entirely black; sides of abdominal ventrite V flap-shaped from base to apex. Guatemala.................. S. zacapensis Giesbert, 1997 – Antennae distinctly not reaching elytral apex; outer elytral margin not entirely black; sides of abdominal ventrite V not flap-shaped from base to apex. Honduras................ S. lunai sp. nov.Published as part of Santos-Silva, Antonio, Roie, Martijn Van & Jocqué, Merlijn, 2021, Longhorned woodboring beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Cusuco National Park, Honduras: new species, new records, and revalidation, pp. 37-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1469, http://zenodo.org/record/523606

FIGURES 17 – 22 in A new species of Polypedilum Kieffer from bromeliads in Parque Nacional Cusuco, Honduras (Chironomidae: Chironominae)

FIGURES 17 – 22. Polypedilum panacu sp. n., larva. 17 — dorsal sclerites of head; 18 — antenna; 19 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 20 — premandible; 21 — mandible; 22 — mentum and ventromental plates

Lagocheirus araneiformis subsp. parvulus Casey 1913

Lagocheirus araneiformis parvulus Casey, 1913 revalidated Figs 11–12 Cerambyx ypsilon Voet, 1778?: 11 (nom. nud.). Lagochirus parvulus Casey, 1913: 304. Lagocheirus stroheckeri granulatus Dillon, 1956: 139. Material examined HONDURAS • 2 ♀♀; Cortés, Cusuco National Park, Santa Thomas, transect 2; 20 Jul. 2015; beginning of night, ‘ disturbed forest’; L. Geeraert and M. Jocqué leg.; RBINS. Remarks Voet (1778?) described Cerambyx ypsilon (Fig. 11) from “ America septentrionali”.According to Santos- Silva et al. (2010) on Polyrhaphis spinosa (Drury, 1773) (translated from Portuguese): “…it is worth noting that this work was successively added to new parts from 1766 onward and, contrary to what appears in almost all the catalogs on Cerambycidae, many species are before 1778 and were already published in 1776 (Beckmann 1776). Sherborn (1902) was probably the first to report that Voet’s work (op. cit.) did not follow the binominal system … Anyway, in relation to Polyrhaphis spinosa, the name used by Voet (op. cit.), only appeared after 1776 because, according to Beckmann (op. cit.), in that year the work only included 14 species in Cerambyx and eight pages (Cerambyx horridus was published on page 15, as species number 59). With the death of Johannes Eusebius Voet, in 1778, the work was unfinished, but in 1796 volume II, in which Cerambyx was addressed, already had 24 pages and 24 prints (Dryander & Banks 1796). As the work did not undergo additions between 1778 (Voet’s passing) and 1804 [British Museum (Natural History) 1915], Voet had undoubtedly already included Cerambyx horridus [= Polyrhaphis spinosa] in his work.” The same reasoning can be used regarding Cerambyx ypsilon, which was published on page 11 (Latin part). Nevertheless, the names published by Voet (1766 – 1806) cannot be considered as nomenclaturally available, as has been indicated by some authors, for example, Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (1999), Santos-Silva et al. (2010), and Krell (2012). Schönherr (1817) synonymized Cerambyx ypsilon with Cerambyx araneiformis Linnaeus, 1767. Dillon (1956) described Lagocheirus stroheckeri granulatus based on males and females from the USA (Texas), and Linsley & Chemsak (1995) synonymized it with L. araneiformis ypsilon. Dillon (1957) considered C. ypsilon as a subspecies of Lagocheirus araneiformis, without comment about the synonymy proposed by Schönherr (1817), which is also present in Aurivillius (1922), and Blackwelder (1946). In the same work, Dillon (1957) synonymized L. parvulus with L. araneiformis ypsilon, which was described by Casey (1913) based on a single male from Panama. Currently, the species is known as Lagocheirus araneiformis ypsilon, with L. parvulus, and L. stroheckeri granulatus as junior synonyms. It is not possible to be sure whether Cerambyx ypsilon is really synonymous with Lagocheirus parvulus Casey, 1913 (generic name published as Lagochirus, attributed to Erichson (1847), but Lagocheirus is by Dejean (1835)). This is because the short description and drawing in Voet (1778?) do not allow confirmation. Unfortunately, Voet’s collection is probably lost; according to Santos-Silva et al. (2010) discussing Polyrhaphis armiger (Schönherr, 1817) (translated from Portuguese): “According to British Museum (Natural History) (1915), the stock from Johannes Eusebius Voet was acquired by Bakhuysen in 1804. We do not know whether Voet’s insect collection was part of the material acquired by G. Bakhuysen, but according to Reichard (1827), this insect collection remained in La Haye: “La Haye. Cette ville, qui n’a ni murs ni portes, est entourée d’un large fossé sur lequel on a pratiqué des ponts-levis. Elle surpasse néanmoins plusieurs villes célèbres par la magnificence de ses bâtimens et ses autres ornemens. Curiosités: … les cabinets d’insectes de MM. Voet et Meuschen, le cabinet de conquillages de M. Lyonnet”… [The Hague. This city, which has neither walls nor gates, is surrounded by a wide moat over which drawbridges have been made. It nevertheless surpasses several famous cities by the magnificence of its buildings and its other ornaments. Curiosities: … the insect cabinets of Voet and Meuschen, the cabinet of shells of Mr. Lyonnet …].” However, it is not within the scope of this work to verify previously proposed synonymies, but only to solve the problem related to the correct name of the species/ subspecies. As Lagocheirus parvulus is the oldest available name, it is used instead of “ ypsilon ”. Accordingly, the name of the subspecies is L. araneiformis parvulus. The specimens from Honduras examined by us (Fig. 12) agree well with several specimens identified as L. araneiformis ypsilon in MZSP collection. However, comparing the original description of L. stroheckeri Dillon, 1956 (currently, L. araneiformis stroheckeri), as well as photographs of the holotype and allotype of this species with the specimens usually identified as L. a. ypsilon, the only reliable difference we have found is the more angulate humerus in L. stroheckeri. This suggests that the current subspecies of L. araneiformis need a full revision because at least part of them may be just variations of the same taxon (especially L. stroheckeri, which is probably synonymous with L. parvulus).Published as part of Santos-Silva, Antonio, Roie, Martijn Van & Jocqué, Merlijn, 2021, Longhorned woodboring beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Cusuco National Park, Honduras: new species, new records, and revalidation, pp. 37-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 764 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1469, http://zenodo.org/record/523606