579 research outputs found
Adaptation of Work Places and Homes for the Disabled Using Computer-aided Design
When adapting environments for the physically disabled, it is important to encourage and activate not only the person concerned, but also other people involved or affected. A computer aided planning tool has been developed to support the participation of all persons involved, as well as supporting the plannerâs (e.g. an occupational therapist) design of the environment. The prototype development and evaluation were based on 6 case-studies, which also provided experience of the needs and requirements in real-life planning situations. The tool was found useful in the planning process, and it was mainly positively evaluated by the persons involved. It seemed to enhance understanding and participation, support an iterative planning process, and aid the design in e.g. checking the accessibility, clearance and reach, concerning an individualâs size and abilities. However, effectiveness was in most cases not satisfactory, since modelling is still relatively time-consuming
Design and evaluation of a software prototype for participatory planning of environmental adaptations.
Laxens uppströmsvandring i den restaurerade och flödesreglerande UmeÀlvens nedre del
The expansion of hydroelectric power has negatively affected the Baltic stock of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). To enable spawning migration of salmon in flow controlled rivers with intact wild stocks, bypass channels and resting pools with smaller flows are constructed to help salmonids in their migration upstream. Some of these restoration actions to help migrating fish are seen in the old river bed in the lower part of river UmeĂ€lven where this study was undertaken. Previous research indicates a large loss of potential spawning salmon due to problematic migration routes and slow migration through the old river bed. These migratory problems are assumed to limit the population growth of salmon in the river. This study describes the Baltic salmon migration through the old river bed, from the confluence area to the fish ladder downstream of the dam in Norrfors, when they pass man made constructions in the river aimed to help them upstream. In the summer of 2013 (June-July ) 148 salmon (60-116 cm) was tagged with radiotransmitters at the mouth of river UmeĂ€lven, and followed on their upstream migration in the old river bed. I focussed on how an increase and change in flow regimes (by changing the spill flow) affected the salmon migration behavior on this section. The restoration of the new pool area in Baggböle rapids enabled salmon to reside in the area and not immediately return downstream due to a change in the spill flow. 99 % of all salmons from the confluence area was registered at some time in Baggböle. A higher spill flow attracted salmon into the old river bed to reach a constructed holding pool, while lower flow attracted salmon to swim past the top of Baggböle rapids. Ninety percent of the salmons that entered the study site left the confluence area or entered the Baggböle rapids in high flow. Subsequently, 70 % swam upstream from Baggböle in low flow. The passage past Kungsmo has become faster and with higher success since the restoration of this site, but spill flow, or flow changes, could not be observed to be important for the fish to pass this stretch. The overall results of the upstream migration through the old river bed from this year are better than in previous yearâs studies. Eighty five percent of the salmons made it from the confluence area up to the bottom of the fish ladder in Stornorrfors. This shows that regulated spill changes together with man made constructions can highly affect salmon migration in regulated rivers positively.Utbyggnaden av vattenkraftverk har pĂ„verkat den baltiska populationen av atlantlax (Salmo salar L.) negativt. För att möjliggöra för laxarnas lekvandring finns emellertid bypasskanaler (omlöp) med mindre flöden förbi dessa hinder. Ett sĂ„dant exempel Ă€r gamla Ă€lvfĂ„ran i nedre delen av UmeĂ€lven. Tidigare forskning visar pĂ„ en stor förlust av lekmogen lax i omrĂ„det p.g.a. svĂ„ra vandringsvĂ€gar samt lĂ„ng vandringstid genom gamla Ă€lvfĂ„ran för att nĂ„ fisktrappan ca 8 km uppströms sĂ„ att de kan nĂ„ sina lekomrĂ„den i UmeĂ€lvens största bidlöde VindelĂ€lven. De svĂ„ra uppvandringsförhĂ„llanden i gamla Ă€lvfĂ„ran begrĂ€nsar populationen av lax i VindelĂ€lven. Den hĂ€r studien beskriver östersjölaxens vandring genom gamla Ă€lvfĂ„ran, frĂ„n sammanflödesomrĂ„det till fisktrappan nedströms dammluckorna i Norrfors, UmeĂ€lven.
Under sommaren (juni-juli) 2013 radiomÀrktes 148 laxar (60-116 cm) vid UmeÀlvens mynning och deras uppströmsvandring i gamla ÀlvfÄran studerades. Fokus riktades mot att analysera hur en ökning och sÀnkning av spillflödet inverkar pÄ laxens vandringsbeteende pÄ denna strÀcka. En andra delfrÄga lÄg i att studera effekten av tvÄ ombyggnationer av problematiska forspartier lÀngs samma strÀcka. I Baggböleforsen har en pool skapats och i Kungsmofallet har forsen delats upp i fler sektioner, likt en stor trappa.
Restaureringen av nytt poolomrĂ„de i Baggböleforsen möjliggjorde att laxen kunde uppehĂ„lla sig i omrĂ„det och att den inte vandrade nedströms pĂ„ grund av flödesĂ€ndringen eller spillflödet. Nittionio procent av laxen i sammflödet registrerades nĂ„gon gĂ„ng upp i Baggböle. Ett högre flöde lockade in laxen i gamla Ă€lvfĂ„ran medan lĂ€gre flöde attraherade laxen att simma förbi övre delen av Baggböleforsen. Nittio procent av laxen i sammanflödet, simmade uppströms eller kom till Baggbölepoolen vid högt flöde. Av dessa simmade 70% vidare vid lĂ„gt flöde. Passagen förbi Kungsmo har blivit bĂ€ttre sedan ombyggnationen men spillflödet eller flödesförĂ€ndringarna betydelse förbi denna strĂ€cka har liten betydelse. Ă
rets uppvandringsresultat genom gamla ÀlvfÄran Àr bÀttre Àn i tidigare Är studier. 85 % av alla laxar i sammanflödet tog sig upp till fisktrappan i Stornorrfors. Denna studie visar att förÀndrat spillflöde och mÀnskligt byggda konstruktioner till stor del kan pÄverka laxvandring i regulerade Àlvar positivt
Metoder för höjdkorrigering av punktmoln generade frÄn drönarbilder
Syftet med studien Àr att jÀmföra tre olika metoder för höjdkorrigering av punktmoln skapade frÄn bilder tagna med drönaren DJI Phantom 4 Pro. Detta Àr intressant dÄ drönare anses vara ett av framtidens instrument för smÄskalig och snabb fjÀrranalys. Problemet med drönare Àr den osÀkra bedömningen av höjd som medförs av drönarens teknik för höjdmÀtning. För att kunna anvÀndas effektivt i framtiden behöver dÀrför höjden korrigeras för att passa andra mer noggranna fjÀrranalysdata. I arbetet bearbetas och korrigeras sju flygblock med flygbilder inom ett relativt litet omrÄde.
För varje flygblock genererades ett punktmoln som sedan skulle korrigeras efter en höjdmodell. Tre metoder jĂ€mfördes i studien. Den första var manuell justering av Z-koordinaten. Den andra metoden var âIterative closest pointâ (ICP-metoden) dĂ€r punktmolnet matchas med en modell för marken, punkt för punkt. Den sista metoden var att korrigera höjden i drönarbildernas exif-filer utefter drönarens barometer. Efter korrigeringen jĂ€mfördes höjden pĂ„ punktmolnen med RTK-GNSS-mĂ€tningar inom flygblocken.
Resultatet visar att den manuella metoden har bĂ€st genomsnittligt Root mean square error (RMSE) över alla flygblock pĂ„ 1.06 m. Maximum och minimum för metoden var 1.59 m och 0.40 m. ICP-metoden var nĂ€st bĂ€st med genomsnittligt RMSE pĂ„ 1.35 m. ICP-metodens RMSE varierade mellan 2.97 m och 0.32 m vilket tyder pĂ„ att metoden kan trĂ€ffa bĂ€ttre Ă€n den manuella dĂ„ 0.32 m var det lĂ€gsta RMSE som registrerades. Barometermetoden var sĂ€mst med ett genomsnittligt RMSE pĂ„ 7.95 m. Spridningen inom metoden var större Ă€n för de andra. Maximum och minimum RMSE lĂ„g pĂ„ 9.35 m respektive 5.47 m.The purpose of the study was to compare three different methods for height correction of point clouds created from pictures taken from the drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro. This is interesting as drones are a future instrument for small scale and quick remote sensing. The problem with drones is the inaccuracies in height measurement that exist because of the droneâs small stature. For drones to be used effectively in the future there must be a correction in height to fit other more accurate remote sensing data sets. In this paper seven flight blocks of flight images from a relatively small area are corrected.
For each flight block a point cloud was generated which would be corrected to the Swedish Land surveys height model. Three methods were compared. The first method was a manual correction of the Z-coordinate. The second method was âIterative closest pointâ where a software matched the point clouds ground points to the height models points. The last method was to correct the point clouds height by changing the drone photos height according to the barometric height information in the exif file.
The result shows that the manual method had the best average Root mean square error (RMSE) with a value of 1.06 m. Maximum and minimum RMSE for the method where 1.59-0.40 m. The ICP-method was the second-best method with an average RMSE of 1.35 m, the result varied between 2.97-0.32 m, which indicates that it could generate the best result. The barometric method was the worst method with an average RMSE of 7.95 m and a variance between 9.35-5.47 m
Ett rÀttfÀrdigt felande? Om civil olydnad inom den demokratiska staten
Civil disobedience constitutes an interesting ethical phenomena in the democratic state since the people performing it consciously brakes laws and norms in society for purposes they themselves judge to be morally good and just. This thesis examines whether the phenomena of civil disobedience is justifiable in a democratic society. In this study civil disobedience is analyzed on two levels. First the problem is analyzed on a theoretical level in relative to the three, by us established, values: respect for the law, the will of the majority and equality. Second, civil disobedience is analyzed on a more practical level where we test our theoretical line of argument with the help of two example groups who engages in civil disobedience. The justification of civil disobedience is also analyzed through two ethical perspectives on acting, deontology and consequentialism. Our conclusion is that civil disobedience is justifiable on a theoretical level in relative to the values we discuss. The justification on a more practical level seems to offer more difficulties since the people who practice civil disobedience have to be able to support their actions with solid arguments, something our example groups occasionally failed to do. In our conclusion we also find that consequentialism appears better suited to justify civil disobedience than deontology
ADAS at Work: assessing professional bus drivers\u27 experience and acceptance of a narrow navigation system.
Due to the argued benefits of passenger comfort, cost savings, and road safety, the bus sector is showing increasing interest in advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). Despite this growth of interest in ADAS and the fact that work tasks are sometimes complicated (especially docking at bus-stops which may occur several hundred times per shift), there has been little research into ADAS in buses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop further knowledge of how professional bus drivers experience and accept an ADAS which can help them dock at bus-stops. The study was conducted on a public route in an industrial area with five different bus-stops. Ten professional bus drivers got to use a narrow navigation system (NNS) that could dock automatically at bus-stops. The participantsâ experience and acceptance were investigated using objective as well as subjective data (during and after the test-drive) and data were collected using interviews, questionnaires, and video recordings. The participants indicated high levels of trust in and acceptance of the NNS and felt that it had multiple benefits in terms of cognitive and physical ergonomics, safety, and comfort. However, the relatively slow docking process (which was deemed comfortable) was also expected to negatively affect, e.g., timetabling, possibly resulting in high stress levels. Therefore, when investigating usersâ acceptance of ADAS in a work context, it is important to consider acceptance in terms of the operation, use, and work system levels and how those levels interact and affect each other
Experten inom den offentliga förvaltningen En studie av problem kring expertkunskap i Lunds kommun
Den hÀr uppsatsen diskuterar expertproblematik inom organisationer. Olika kunskapsnivÄer hos de anstÀllda kan leda till att vissa inte har nÄgon insyn i arbetet och en dÄlig uppfattning om var ansvaret finns. Samtidigt kan de som besitter en specialkunskap fÄ ett för stort inflytande och utöva makt över andra inom organisationen. Vi har i den hÀr uppsatsen undersökt hur problematiken ser ut i Lunds kommun genom att intervjua ett antal anstÀllda. Intervjuerna har sedan analyserats genom ett antal begrepp som vi framtagit med hjÀlp av tidigare forskning. De slutsatser vi har dragit av vÄr undersökning Àr att det inom Lunds kommun snarare finns en organisationsproblematik Àn en expertproblematik
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