The challenge of complexity for cognitive systems

Complex cognition addresses research on (a) high-level cognitive processes – mainly problem solving, reasoning, and decision making – and their interaction with more basic processes such as perception, learning, motivation and emotion and (b) cognitive processes which take place in a complex, typically dynamic, environment. Our focus is on AI systems and cognitive models dealing with complexity and on psychological findings which can inspire or challenge cognitive systems research. In this overview we first motivate why we have to go beyond models for rather simple cognitive processes and reductionist experiments. Afterwards, we give a characterization of complexity from our perspective. We introduce the triad of cognitive science methods – analytical, empirical, and engineering methods – which in our opinion have all to be utilized to tackle complex cognition. Afterwards we highlight three aspects of complex cognition – complex problem solving, dynamic decision making, and learning of concepts, skills and strategies. We conclude with some reflections about and challenges for future research

A geometrical interpretation of the Hungarian method

AbstractIn this paper a geometrical interpretation of the Hungarian method will be given. This special algorithm to solve the dual transportation problem is not restricted to the edges of the convex polyhedron of feasible solutions. Each covering-step can be considered as a determination of a direction of steepest descent, each reduction-step as movement along that direction to a boundary point of the polyhedron. The dimension of the face that will be crossed depends on the covering that is chosen

Die Schulter im Überkopfsport – Veränderungen von Kraft und passiver ROM am Beispiel des Pitchers

Introduction Through the pitching motion’s extreme repetitive strain on the glenohumeral joint, diverse alterations develop. The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to examine the bilateral differences these alterations produce, regarding the internal and external rotational ROM and isokinetic strength in the glenohumeral joint. Methods A literature search was conducted on CIHNAL and Medline using the keywords pitcher, shoulder, glenohumeral, range of motion and strength. Six studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were then examined for their quality with a modified German version of the critical review form developed by Law et al. (1998). Results Professional pitchers show a significant bilateral difference of the external rotational ROM of the dominant shoulder (132°-136°) when compared to the non dominant shoulder (127°-129°). The internal rotational ROM shows a significant bilateral difference for the dominant shoulder (48°- 52°) and the non dominant shoulder (59°-63°). No significant difference was found concerning the bilateral isokinetic strength. Conclusion & Clinical Relevance These findings should be considered when assessing and treating patients who repetitively use the throwing motion. Restoring the normal PROM values plays an important role during rehabilitation. This is possible with a specific stretching program.Introduction: Through the pitching motion’s extreme repetitive strain on the glenohumeral joint, diverse alterations develop. The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to examine the bilateral differences these alterations produce, regarding the internal and external rotational ROM and isokinetic strength in the glenohumeral joint. Methods: A literature search was conducted on CIHNAL and Medline using the keywords pitcher, shoulder, glenohumeral, range of motion and strength. Six studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were then examined for their quality with a modified German version of the critical review form developed by Law et al. (1998). Results: Professional pitchers show a significant bilateral difference of the external rotational ROM of the dominant shoulder (132°-136°) when compared to the non dominant shoulder (127°-129°). The internal rotational ROM shows a significant bilateral difference for the dominant shoulder (48°- 52°) and the non dominant shoulder (59°-63°). No significant difference was found concerning the bilateral isokinetic strength. Conclusion & Clinical Relevance: These findings should be considered when assessing and treating patients who repetitively use the throwing motion. Restoring the normal PROM values plays an important role during rehabilitation. This is possible with a specific stretching program

Temperature History within Laser Sintered Part Cakes and Its Influence on Process Quality

The temperature distribution and history within laser sintered part cakes is an important aspect regarding the process quality and reproducibility of the polymer laser sintering process. Especially the temperature history during the build and cooling phase is decisive for powder ageing effects and the development of part quality characteristics. In this work, a measurement system for three-dimensional in-process temperature measurements is set up and the influence of different parameters on the inner part cake temperature distribution and history is analyzed. Important factors are not only geometrical build job parameters like the part packing density and build height, but also process parameters like the layer thickness and bulk powder density. Individual in-process temperature profiles at different positions within a part cake are finally correlated with powder ageing effects. The results of this work help to understand the temperature history dependency of powder and part properties and can therefore be used to develop optimized process controls.Mechanical Engineerin

The challenge of complexity for cognitive systems

Complex cognition addresses research on (a) high-level cognitive processes – mainly problem solving, reasoning, and decision making – and their interaction with more basic processes such as perception, learning, motivation and emotion and (b) cognitive processes which take place in a complex, typically dynamic, environment. Our focus is on AI systems and cognitive models dealing with complexity and on psychological findings which can inspire or challenge cognitive systems research. In this overview we first motivate why we have to go beyond models for rather simple cognitive processes and reductionist experiments. Afterwards, we give a characterization of complexity from our perspective. We introduce the triad of cognitive science methods – analytical, empirical, and engineering methods – which in our opinion have all to be utilized to tackle complex cognition. Afterwards we highlight three aspects of complex cognition – complex problem solving, dynamic decision making, and learning of concepts, skills and strategies. We conclude with some reflections about and challenges for future research

On the complexity of the real Nullstellensatz in the 0-dimensional case

AbstractWe give single exponential bounds for the degrees in the identity of the Real Nullstellensatz for zero-dimensional ideals

O Campo

Joachim Schmid vit à Berlin. Il travaille avec des photographies recyclées depuis le début des années 1980. En 1990, il a fondé le “Institut zur Wiederaufbereitung von Altfotos” (Institut pour le recyclage des photographies anciennes). Son œuvre a été présentée dans de nombreuses expositions collectives et individuelles. Parmi ses publications, citons Erste allgemeine Altfotosammlung (Edition Fricke & Schmid, 1991), Bilder von der Strasse (Edition Fricke & Schmid, 1994), Very Miscellaneous (PhotoWorks, 1997), Sinterklaas ziet alles (Nederlands Foto Instituut, 1998), A meeting on holiday (Neroc’VGM en collaboration avec KesselsKramer, 2003), Belo Horizonte, Praça Rui Barbosa (publié à compte d’auteur, 2004) et Photoworks 1982-2007 (Steidl, 2007). Ses travaux font partie de nombreuses collections telles que celle de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, le Daelim Contemporary Art Museum (Séoul), le Fonds national d’art contemporain, la Maison européenne de la photographie, le Museo de Arte Contemporánea (Vigo), le Museum Folkwang (Essen), le Nederlands Fotomuseum (Rotterdam), le San Francisco Museum of Modern Art et le Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam).Joachim Schmid is a Berlin-based artist. He has been working with found photographs since the early 1980s. In 1990 he founded the ‘Institut zur Wiederaufbereitung von Altfotos’ (Institute for the Reprocessing of Used Photographs). His works have been shown internationally in solo and group exhibitions. His publications include Erste allgemeine Altfotosammlung (Edition Fricke & Schmid, 1991), Bilder von der Strasse (Edition Fricke & Schmid, 1994), Very Miscellaneous (PhotoWorks, 1997), Sinterklaas ziet alles (Nederlands Foto Instituut, 1998), A meeting on holiday (Neroc’VGM in collaboration with KesselsKramer, 2003), Belo Horizonte, Praça Rui Barbosa (self-published, 2004), and Photoworks 1982–2007 (Steidl, 2007). His work is included in numerous collections, including the Bibliothèque Nationale (Paris), Daelim Contemporary Art Museum (Seoul), Fonds National d‘Art Contemporain (Paris), Maison Européenne de la Photographie (Paris), Museo de arte contemporánea de Vigo, Museum Folkwang (Essen), Nederlands Fotomuseum (Rotterdam), San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam)

O Campo

Joachim Schmid vit à Berlin. Il travaille avec des photographies recyclées depuis le début des années 1980. En 1990, il a fondé le “Institut zur Wiederaufbereitung von Altfotos” (Institut pour le recyclage des photographies anciennes). Son œuvre a été présentée dans de nombreuses expositions collectives et individuelles. Parmi ses publications, citons Erste allgemeine Altfotosammlung (Edition Fricke & Schmid, 1991), Bilder von der Strasse (Edition Fricke & Schmid, 1994), Very Miscellaneous (PhotoWorks, 1997), Sinterklaas ziet alles (Nederlands Foto Instituut, 1998), A meeting on holiday (Neroc’VGM en collaboration avec KesselsKramer, 2003), Belo Horizonte, Praça Rui Barbosa (publié à compte d’auteur, 2004) et Photoworks 1982-2007 (Steidl, 2007). Ses travaux font partie de nombreuses collections telles que celle de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, le Daelim Contemporary Art Museum (Séoul), le Fonds national d’art contemporain, la Maison européenne de la photographie, le Museo de Arte Contemporánea (Vigo), le Museum Folkwang (Essen), le Nederlands Fotomuseum (Rotterdam), le San Francisco Museum of Modern Art et le Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam).Joachim Schmid is a Berlin-based artist. He has been working with found photographs since the early 1980s. In 1990 he founded the ‘Institut zur Wiederaufbereitung von Altfotos’ (Institute for the Reprocessing of Used Photographs). His works have been shown internationally in solo and group exhibitions. His publications include Erste allgemeine Altfotosammlung (Edition Fricke & Schmid, 1991), Bilder von der Strasse (Edition Fricke & Schmid, 1994), Very Miscellaneous (PhotoWorks, 1997), Sinterklaas ziet alles (Nederlands Foto Instituut, 1998), A meeting on holiday (Neroc’VGM in collaboration with KesselsKramer, 2003), Belo Horizonte, Praça Rui Barbosa (self-published, 2004), and Photoworks 1982–2007 (Steidl, 2007). His work is included in numerous collections, including the Bibliothèque Nationale (Paris), Daelim Contemporary Art Museum (Seoul), Fonds National d‘Art Contemporain (Paris), Maison Européenne de la Photographie (Paris), Museo de arte contemporánea de Vigo, Museum Folkwang (Essen), Nederlands Fotomuseum (Rotterdam), San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam)

A Material-Based Quality Concept for Polymer Laser Sintering

In this work, the quality of laser sintered parts is investigated along a defined process chain for a nylon 12 material (PA 2200) on an EOSINT P395 laser sintering system. Important influencing factors are figured out. Rheological powder characterization methods are investigated as well as mechanical, physical and other chosen part properties. The concept allows reproducible part quality characteristics and is used to obtain (testing) temperature dependent material data. It can also be extended on further materials based on nylon 12: PA 2241 FR, which is convenient for the aircraft industry due to its flame-retardant properties, and PA 2221, which has economic advantages due to a lower material consumption.Mechanical Engineerin