Genes encoding Shiga toxin and the intimin receptor detected in faecal samples collected from wild canids

Background: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are diarrheagenic E. coli that can cause disease in humans. The pathotype EPEC leads to the attaching and effacing lesion, causing damage to the microvilli following to diarrhea. STEC pathotypes produces cytotoxins, which in humans are responsible for hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome. Animals are the reservoirs of these pathotypes, especially ruminants. However, other animal’s species can be associated as carriers of EPEC and STEC strains. The aim of this study was to analyze wild canid crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) as potential natural carriers of STEC and EPEC E. coli. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven fecal samples were analyzed from the crab-eating fox of free-living, captured in a peri-urban area. Samples were collected from the rectal ampulla, and the animals were clinic evaluated, being considered healthy at the captured moment. The feces were inoculated on medium MacConkey agar, and then the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. All colony forming units (CFU) were collected by plate washing with ultrapure water (2 mL) and posterior freezing at -20°C. The total bacterial DNA from the CFU collected was extracted, followed by PCR assay to search for three genes: stx1, stx2 (responsible for the synthesis of the Shiga toxin) and tir, which encodes the translocated intimin receptor, related to the A/E lesion formation. Three samples were detected as positive, being one animal detected as carrier of the stx2 gene (STEC strain), while two animals were identified as carrier of the tir gene (EPEC strains).The stx1 gene was not identified on the samples. Also, in the samples, only the presence of one gene studied at a time was observed. Therefore, we have found out that the crab-eating fox can act as reservoirs of STEC and EPEC strains. Discussion: The carrier’s animals of STEC and EPEC strains do not have receptors for the Shiga toxin, serving as asymptomatic vehicle. The wild canids collected and positives to STEC and EPEC E. coli strains analyzed here, did not shown any clinical signs, wherefore they have the potential of being a source of pathogens to other animals and even humans. The observation of this additional wild species, the crab-eating fox, as carriers of STEC and EPEC reinforces the importance of monitoring wild species and the need for caution because of the potential zoonosis. Nevertheless, there are other species of wild animals that were described as rarely-carriers of these pathogens, like deer, wild ruminants and birds. These E. coli pathotypes, potentially foodborne zoonotic pathogens, are acquired by humans from food and water contaminated, by oral-fecal route, or by direct contact with carries animals and their feces. The human contact with wild animals is getting ordinary; because of that, wild animals, like wild canids, may constitute a considerable risk to animal and humans health, mostly by the transmission of these bacteria strains to the environment. In conclusion, the identification of genes encoding Shiga toxin and the intimin receptor in wild canids feces highlight that STEC and EPEC pathogens could be spread by these wild animals. We reinforce that STEC and EPEC pathogens could be naturally carried by wild animals, such as the crab-eating fox, and therefore, is needed further research for better understanding their potential effect, and also the interaction between the pathogen and the host

Associação entre Demência vascular e Síndrome metabólica: uma revisão de literatura: Association between vascular Dementia and metabolic Syndrome: a literature review

Objetivo: O presente estudo fez um levantamento bibliográfico a fim de investigar a associação de demência vascular e síndrome metabólica, descrevendo a sua prevalência, fatores de risco e os mecanismos envolvidos. Método: Pesquisa com modelo de revisão integrativa de artigos pu-blicados nos bancos de dados Pubmed, Google Scholar, nos últimos 5 anos. Foram encontrados 28 trabalhos, entre eles nacionais e internacionais. Resultados: Os achados da literatura sugerem que a demência vascular e doença de Alzheimer podem ocorrer em conjunto ou separadas e há dificuldade em se fazer um diagnóstico da doença pura, frente que, em muitos casos, indivíduos idosos portadores de prejuízo cognitivo também estão sujeitos a doenças metabólicas. A fisiopatologia da síndrome metabólica propicia um cenário favorável ao avanço da demência vascular e a piora do declínio cognitivo. A identificação de tais fatores auxilia a promoção da saúde uma vez que esses fatores de risco possuem caráter modificável. Medicamentos anti-hipertensivos (IECA E BRA) demonstraram benéficos na prevenção do declínio cognitivo e demência. Conclusão: o aumento da expectativa de vida, a transição epidemiológica e a alteração dos hábitos de vida na atualidade estão relacionados a maior tempo de exposição a fatores de risco, aumentando as chances de desenvolvimento de demência vascular. Fatores de risco são passíveis de modificação, o que alteraria a incidência da demência vascular e o desfecho previsto para as próximas décadas. Novos estudos são necessários para elucidar possíveis intervenções neste cenário

Sistema de gestão integrada para Escritório Social Penitenciário de Curitiba

Orientador : Andreia de JesusMonografia (Graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. Curso de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas.Inclui referênciasResumo

Morphometric study of the mental foramen correlating with sex / Estudo morfométrico do forame mentual correlacionando com o sexo

Introduction: The mental foramen (MF) is located in the anterolateral region of the mandible body and through it passes the mental nerve and vessels. Its precise location is important in dental and anesthetic surgical procedures to avoid damage to the neurovascular structures that pass through it. However, due to the presence of variations in the incidence, shape, position and multiplicity of this foramen, controversies arise among authors regarding its exact location. Our study aimed to study the morphometric variations of the mental foramen correlating with sex. Materials and methods: A total of 252 human dry mandibles present in the Laboratory of Anatomy of the Department of Morphology of the Federal University of Sergipe were analyzed. The distance from the MF to the mental protuberance (MF-MP), the vertical distance from the MF to the inferior margin of the mandible (MF-IMM), the distance from the MF to the margin of the inferior alveolar process (MF-IAP), the width and the height of the MF and the multiplicity of the MF, as well as its position in relation to the lower molars and premolars. Results: The height of the MF showed no significant difference between genders on the right side (p=0.137), the same occurring on the left side (p=0.030). The width was similar in males and females on the right (p=0.241) and left (p=0.269).  The most common position found for MF was in line with the second premolar, with no significant difference being found on the right (p=0.265) and left (p=0.435) sides. Sixty (11.9%) accessory mental foramens (AMF) were verified and there was no association between the occurrence of AMF and gender on the right (p=0.786) and left (p=0.748) sides. Male mandibles showed higher values of MF-IMM and MF-IAP than females on both sides. The MF-MP values were similar between the two sexes on the right and left sides. Conclusion: It is concluded that there was no correlation between the morphometric variables of MF and gender

Granuloma de processo vocal pós-intubação laríngea / Post-intubation vocal process granuloma of the larynx

Introdução: O granuloma de processo vocal pós-intubação endotraqueal, é uma lesão benigna da laringe, rara que acomete freqüentemente as mulheres. Objetivo: Descrever um caso de granuloma da laringe pós intubação orotraqueal, atendido em um hospital público no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Relato do Caso: Paciente de 31 anos, sexo feminino, com queixa de falta de ar, dificuldade para deglutir, disfonia, pigarro, tosse seca, cansaço ao falar. Os sintomas surgiram após cirurgia de rinoplastia. O exame revelou presença de lesão na região das pregas vocais – Granuloma vocal. As etapas do atendimento foram descritas desde a consulta inicial até a recuperação da paciente. Comentários finais: O uso de corticóide inalatório associado à fonoterapia mostrou-se um tratamento eficaz e viável nos casos de granuloma de processo vocal pós-intubacão

Risk factors and diagnosis of diabetic foot ulceration in users of the Brazilian public health system

Background. An individual with diabetes mellitus (DM) has an approximately 25% risk of developing ulcerations and/or destruction of the feet’s soft tissues. These wounds represent approximately 20% of all causes of hospitalizations due to DM. Objective. To identify the factors for the development of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) among individuals treated by the Brazilian public health system. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals with diabetes mellitus, aged above 18 years, of both sexes, and during July-October 2018 within a public healthcare unit in Brazil. All participants were assessed based on their socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics, along with vascular and neurological evaluations. All participants were also classified according to the classification of risk of developing DFU, in accordance with the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Statistical analyses were conducted using the chi-squared test, chi-squared test for trend, and Fisher’s exact test, with a significance level of 5% (p < 0 05). Results. The study consisted of 85 individuals. The DFU condition was prevalent in 10.6% of the participants. Adopting the classification proposed by IWGDF, observed risks for stratification categories 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 28.2%, 29.4%, 23.5%, and 8.2%, respectively. A statistically significant (p < 0 05) association was observed between the development of DFU and the following variables: time since the diagnosis of diabetes and the appearance of the nails, humidity, and deformations on the feet. Conclusion. The present study found an elevated predominance of DM patients in the Brazilian public health system (SUS) featuring cutaneous alterations that may lead to ulcers; these individuals had elevated risks of developing DFU. Furthermore, it was revealed that the feet of patients were not physically examined during treatment

Comparison between concrete stress diagrams according to the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 6118: 2014

This study aims to compare methods for the determination of concrete properties by means of the stress diagrams present in the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 6118: 2014. The area under the stress diagram, the internal reactions, and the application point of the resulting reactions for the parabola-rectangle and rectangular block diagrams are present in order to compare them. Deductions and numerical examples were used, and different results were obtained for each formulation. This is due to non-consideration of the relationship between stress and strain in the simplified rectangular block. The rectangular block is applicable only for cases in which the concrete reaches the ultimate strain. These cases are those that concrete crushing determines the section failure in compression with steel yielding in tension (domain 3) or without steel yielding (domain 4)

Mortalidade por mastoidite no Brasil: Série histórica (2004-2010) / Mortality from mastoiditis in Brazil: Historic series (2004 - 2010)

Introdução: Apesar dos avanços no diagnostico e uso de antibióticos, as complicações intracranianas por mastoidites continuam a representar um desafio. Objetivo: Descrever a mortalidade por mastoidite no Brasil, no período de 2004 a 2010. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo por meio de série histórica utilizando dados do Ministério da Saúde. Considerou-se a Classificação Internacional de Doenças, CID-10 para o período de estudo. Foram analisados os indicadores de mortalidade que tiveram a mastoidite como causa básica de óbito, segundo região, unidade federativa, sexo e faixa etária. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade foi mais elevada na região sudeste, sobretudo no Rio de Janeiro, com predomínio do gênero masculino 57,9%, no grupo etário a partir dos 50 anos de idade, 59,5%. Conclusão: Durante o período analisado houve aumento na taxa de mortalidade por mastoidite no país, os registros foram mais elevados na região sudeste, com predomínio de indivíduos adultos, do gênero masculino. Entretanto, a sub-notificação e/ou a notificação errônea podem ocultar dados comprometendo os indicadores reais

Structural flexural strengthening through material bonded to the concrete substrate

This article proposes an alternative method for the structural design of reinforced concrete elements strengthened in bending by metallic plates or fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bonded to the concrete substrate. It is proposed a new calculation procedure for the strengthening using thin adhered material bonded to the element surface that dispenses the iterative process generally used in the design. The proposed routine is validated by comparison with other methods. A practical example is also presented, applying the procedure to an element of a building where a load change was foreseen. As result, it was verified that the proposed procedure provides values similar to the trial-and-error method used in the FRP strengthening design. Results are also coherent with other methods available in the literature for metallic plates. Therefore, since this routine obtains similar values without using an iterative method, its applicability in the design becomes advantageous