DESIGNING POLICIES FOR LOCAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: A METHODOLOGY BASED ON EVIDENCE FROM BRAZIL

Using a previously developed methodology for identifying, classifying and characterizing local production systems (LPS) in Brazil, and evidence produced by a number of case studies, the paper suggests that policies aimed at LPS (or industrial clusters) should be tailored according to a typology of clusters. This typology must take into account the cluster importance for local or regional development, its share in the respective industry, and its characteristics in terms of production structure, trading schemes, institutional infrastructure, governance structures, and social contexts. The paper starts by reviewing, from the point of view of policy-making, the theories that support industrial cluster analyses, namely those that explain clusters as: outcomes of plain agglomeration economies and increasing returns; the result of spatial dynamic processes; knowledge systems emerging from the geography of innovation and agglomeration; governance structures, and as evolving complex systems. Next, the results from an application of the methodology to Brazilian data and information and from a number of case studies are summarized. Finally, the paper suggests policy guidelines with some measures of general application, aimed at problems observed in all LPS, and some specific measures differentiated according to a typology of local production systems that resulted from the application of the methodology.

Designing Policies for Local Production Systems: A Methodology Based on Evidence from Brazil

Using a previously developed methodology for identifying, classifying and characterizing local production systems (LPS) in Brazil, and evidence produced by a number of case studies, the paper suggests that policies aimed at LPS (or industrial clusters) should be tailored according to a typology of clusters. This typology must take into account the cluster importance for local or regional development, its share in the respective industry, and its characteristics in terms of production structure, trading schemes, institutional infrastructure, governance structures, and social contexts. The paper starts by reviewing, from the point of view of policy-making, the theories that support industrial cluster analyses, namely those that explain clusters as: outcomes of plain agglomeration economies and increasing returns; the result of spatial dynamic processes; knowledge systems emerging from the geography of innovation and agglomeration; governance structures, and as evolving complex systems. Next, the results from an application of the methodology to Brazilian data and information and from a number of case studies are summarized. Finally, the paper suggests policy guidelines with some measures of general application, aimed at problems observed in all LPS, and some specific measures differentiated according to a typology of local production systems that resulted from the application of the methodology.Manufacturing Industry, Cluster, Local Production System, Industrial Policy

SMT-Based Bounded Model Checking of Fixed-Point Digital Controllers

Digital controllers have several advantages with respect to their flexibility and design's simplicity. However, they are subject to problems that are not faced by analog controllers. In particular, these problems are related to the finite word-length implementation that might lead to overflows, limit cycles, and time constraints in fixed-point processors. This paper proposes a new method to detect design's errors in digital controllers using a state-of-the art bounded model checker based on satisfiability modulo theories. The experiments with digital controllers for a ball and beam plant demonstrate that the proposed method can be very effective in finding errors in digital controllers than other existing approaches based on traditional simulations tools

Concepção de corporeidade/subjetividade humana: contribuição da epistemologia complexa para o campo da Educação Física

This essay aims to advance in the dialogues between complex epistemology and the field of knowledge of Physical Education, from the conception of human corporeality/subjectivity. This is a theoretical study carried out through bibliographic research on the work of Edgar Morin, especially the six volumes of The Method, on which this proposal was based. The scenario of debates on the theme of corporeality in the field of Physical Education was contextualized, in which it is intended to introduce the concept in question. This conception is the result of the theoretical articulation of the concepts of corporeality/subjectivity of the individual and of social subjectivity. With this proposition that assumes the paradigm of self-organized complex systems, it is hoped to establish dialogues with other theoretical perspectives, bridges with other areas of knowledge and to point out ways to think about pedagogical practice in its different areas of professional acting.El objetivo de este ensayo es avanzar en los diálogos entre la epistemología compleja y el campo de conocimiento de la Educación Física, a partir de la concepción de corporeidad/subjetividad humana. Se trata de un estudio teórico realizado mediante investigación bibliográfica de la obra de Edgar Morin, sobre todo de los seis tomos de "El método", con el cual se fundamentó dicha propuesta. Se contextualizó el escenario de los debates sobre el tema de la corporeidad en el campo de la Educación Física, donde se pretende introducir esa concepción. Esta concepción es el resultado de la articulación teórica de los conceptos de corporeidad/subjetividad del individuo y de subjetividad social. Con esta proposición, que asume el paradigma de los sistemas complejos autoorganizados, se espera establecer diálogos con otras perspectivas teóricas, puentes con otras áreas del conocimiento y señalar caminos para pensar la práctica pedagógica en sus diferentes áreas de actuación.Este ensaio tem como objetivo avançar nos diálogos entre a epistemologia complexa e o campo de conhecimento da Educação Física, a partir da concepção de corporeidade/subjetividade humana. Trata-se de um estudo teórico realizado mediante pesquisa bibliográfica da obra de Edgar Morin, sobretudo, dos seis volumes de O método, com o qual se fundamentou a referida proposta. Contextualizou-se o cenário dos debates acerca do tema da corporeidade no campo da Educação Física, no qual se intenciona introduzir a concepção em questão. Esta concepção é o resultado da articulação teórica dos conceitos de corporeidade/subjetividade do indivíduo e de subjetividade social. Com essa proposição, que assume o paradigma dos sistemas complexos auto-organizados, espera-se estabelecer diálogos com outras perspectivas teóricas, pontes com outras áreas do conhecimento e apontar caminhos para pensar a prática pedagógica nas suas diferentes áreas de atuação