Iron studies in the hospitalized patient

This article answers the question: How to order and interpret iron studies for a hospitalized patient with anemia?Includes bibliographical reference

CIEM: Contrastive Instruction Evaluation Method for Better Instruction Tuning

Nowadays, the research on Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has been significantly promoted thanks to the success of Large Language Models (LLM). Nevertheless, these Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are suffering from the drawback of hallucination -- due to insufficient understanding of vision and language modalities, VLMs may generate incorrect perception information when doing downstream applications, for example, captioning a non-existent entity. To address the hallucination phenomenon, on the one hand, we introduce a Contrastive Instruction Evaluation Method (CIEM), which is an automatic pipeline that leverages an annotated image-text dataset coupled with an LLM to generate factual/contrastive question-answer pairs for the evaluation of the hallucination of VLMs. On the other hand, based on CIEM, we further propose a new instruction tuning method called CIT (the abbreviation of Contrastive Instruction Tuning) to alleviate the hallucination of VLMs by automatically producing high-quality factual/contrastive question-answer pairs and corresponding justifications for model tuning. Through extensive experiments on CIEM and CIT, we pinpoint the hallucination issues commonly present in existing VLMs, the disability of the current instruction-tuning dataset to handle the hallucination phenomenon and the superiority of CIT-tuned VLMs over both CIEM and public datasets

Weight Determination of Static and Dynamic Influencing Factors of the Change of Waterflooding Oil Well Based on Grey Relational Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process

LaSaXing oilfield has entered into the extra high water cut development stage, when analysising dynamic the static factors, production factors and dynamic factors that influence oil well change are more,  only depended on the qualitative analysis, it is difficult to accurately judge the cause of oil well change, can not meet the urgent need of oilfield development. This paper selects the static and dynamic factors affect the oil well change, the weight of static and dynamic influencing factors of the change of waterflooding wells are determined using the grey correlation analysis and the analytic hierarchy process based on exponential scale. The practices show that the weight of static and dynamic factors of the oil well change that determined using this method is scientific and reasonable, accord with the actual of oilfield, and provide reliable basis for intelligent analysis of dynamic change of oil well

Numerical modelling of micron particle inhalation in a realistic nasal airway with pediatric adenoid hypertrophy: A virtual comparison between pre- and postoperative models

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is an obstructive condition due to enlarged adenoids, causing mouth breathing, nasal blockage, snoring and/or restless sleep. While reliable diagnostic techniques, such as lateral soft tissue x-ray imaging or flexible nasopharyngoscopy, have been widely adopted in general practice, the actual impact of airway obstruction on nasal airflow and inhalation exposure to drug aerosols remains largely unknown. In this study, the effects of adenoid hypertrophy on airflow and micron particle inhalation exposure characteristics were analysed by virtually comparing pre- and postoperative models based on a realistic 3-year-old nasal airway with AH. More specifically, detailed comparison focused on anatomical shape variations, overall airflow and olfactory ventilation, associated particle deposition in overall and local regions were conducted. Our results indicate that the enlarged adenoid tissue can significantly alter the airflow fields. By virtually removing the enlarged tissue and restoring the airway, peak velocity and wall shear stress were restored, and olfactory ventilation was considerably improved (with a 16∼63% improvement in terms of local ventilation speed). Furthermore, particle deposition results revealed that nasal airway with AH exhibits higher particle filtration tendency with densely packed deposition hot spots being observed along the floor region and enlarged adenoid tissue area. While for the postoperative model, the deposition curve was shifted to the right. The local deposition efficiency results demonstrated that more particles with larger inertia can be delivered to the targeted affected area following Adenoidectomy (Adenoid Removal). Research findings are expected to provide scientific evidence for adenoidectomy planning and aerosol therapy following Adenoidectomy, which can substantially improve present clinical treatment outcomes.</p

Estudo e Desenvolvimento de Uma Carga Eletronica Regenerativa, Baseada em Inversor Nao-Autonomo, Aplicada a...

Apresenta-se nesse estudo uma nova proposta de carga eletrônica regenerativa (CERE) para testes em equipamentos elétricos que permite que laboratórios de eletrônica de potência realizem ensaios com baixas perdas de energia; nesse caso, o fluxo de potência fornecida pelo equipamento em teste é dirigido quase que totalmente de volta para a rede elétrica, minimizando a dissipação de energia por efeito Joule, diferente do que acontece com o uso de resistores ou cargas eletrônicas convencionais. Do ponto de vista técnico, tais ensaios poderão ter suas características variadas segundo a necessidade de análise do equipamento sob teste, permitindo submetê-os a diferentes condições de funcionamento. O objetivo do protótipo da CERE-CA aqui desenvolvida é apenas comprovar os resultados teóricos e de simulação apresentados na dissertação. Neste primeiro momento, não haverá preocupação com a qualidade da energia que é regenerada para a rede CA, e nem com a precisão do controle do fluxo de corrente drenado da fonte CA. Estas e outras melhorias deverão ser implantadas em pesquisas futuras nessa área de eletrônica de potência

Distinct double flower varieties in Camellia japonica exhibit both expansion and contraction of C-class gene expression

Double flower domestication is of great value in ornamental plants and presents an excellent system to study the mechanism of morphological alterations by human selection. The classic ABC model provides a genetic framework underlying the control of floral organ identity and organogenesis from which key regulators have been identified and evaluated in many plant species. Recent molecular studies have underscored the importance of C-class homeotic genes, whose functional attenuation contributed to the floral diversity in various species. Cultivated Camellia japonica L. possesses several types of double flowers, however the molecular mechanism underlying their floral morphological diversification remains unclear. In this study, we cloned the C-class orthologous gene CjAG in C. japonica. We analyzed the expression patterns of CjAG in wild C. japonica, and performed ectopic expression in Arabidopsis. These results revealed that CjAG shared conserved C-class function that controls stamen and carpel development. Further we analyzed the expression pattern of CjAG in two different C. japonica double-flower varieties, `Shibaxueshi’ and `Jinpanlizhi’, and showed that expression of CjAG was highly contracted in `Shibaxueshi’ but expanded in inner petals of `Jinpanlizhi’. Moreover, detailed expression analyses of B- and C-class genes have uncovered differential patterns of B-class genes in the inner organs of `Jinpanlizhi’. These results demonstrated that the contraction and expansion of CjAG expression were associated with the formation of different types of double flowers. Our studies have manifested two different trajectories of double flower domestication regarding the C-class gene expression in C. japonica.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-014-0288-

Engineering a mevalonate pathway in Halomonas bluephagenesis for the production of lycopene

IntroductionRed-colored lycopene has received remarkable attention in medicine because of its antioxidant properties for reducing the risks of many human cancers. However, the extraction of lycopene from natural hosts is limited. Moreover, the chemically synthesized lycopene raises safety concerns due to residual chemical reagents. Halomonas bluephagenesis is a versatile chassis for the production of fine chemicals because of its open growth property without sterilization.MethodsA heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathway was introduced into H. bluephagenesis strain TD1.0 to engineer a bacterial host for lycopene production. A pTer7 plasmid mediating the expression of six MVA pathway genes under the control of a phage PMmp1 and an Escherichia coli Ptrc promoters and a pTer3 plasmid providing lycopene biosynthesis downstream genes derived from Streptomyces avermitilis were constructed and transformed into TD1.0. The production of lycopene in the engineered H. bluephagenesis was evaluated. Optimization of engineered bacteria was performed to increase lycopene yield.ResultsThe engineered TD1.0/pTer7-pTer3 produced lycopene at a maximum yield of 0.20 mg/g dried cell weight (DCW). Replacing downstream genes with those from S. lividans elevated the lycopene production to 0.70 mg/g DCW in the TD1.0/pTer7-pTer5 strain. Optimizing the PMmp1 promoter in plasmid pTer7 with a relatively weak Ptrc even increased the lycopene production to 1.22 mg/g DCW. However, the change in the Ptrc promoter in pTer7 with PMmp1 did not improve the yield of lycopene.ConclusionWe first engineered an H. bluephagenesis for the lycopene production. The co-optimization of downstream genes and promoters governing MVA pathway gene expressions can synergistically enhance the microbial overproduction of lycopene