171 research outputs found
Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Roller Element Bearing
Rolling element bearings play a crucial role in determining the overall health condition of a rotating machine. An effective condition-monitoring program on bearing operation can improve a machine’s operation efficiency, reduce the maintenance/replacement cost, and prolong the useful lifespan of a machine. This chapter presents a general overview of various condition-monitoring and fault diagnosis techniques for rolling element bearings in the current practice and discusses the pros and cons of each technique. The techniques introduced in the chapter include data acquisition techniques, major parameters used for bearing condition monitoring, signal analysis techniques, and bearing fault diagnosis techniques using either statistical features or artificial intelligent tools. Several case studies are also presented in the chapter to exemplify the application of these techniques in the data analysis as well as bearing fault diagnosis and pattern recognition
GAN Prior based Null-Space Learning for Consistent Super-Resolution
Consistency and realness have always been the two critical issues of image
super-resolution. While the realness has been dramatically improved with the
use of GAN prior, the state-of-the-art methods still suffer inconsistencies in
local structures and colors (e.g., tooth and eyes). In this paper, we show that
these inconsistencies can be analytically eliminated by learning only the
null-space component while fixing the range-space part. Further, we design a
pooling-based decomposition (PD), a universal range-null space decomposition
for super-resolution tasks, which is concise, fast, and parameter-free. PD can
be easily applied to state-of-the-art GAN Prior based SR methods to eliminate
their inconsistencies, neither compromising the realness nor bringing extra
parameters or computational costs. Besides, our ablation studies reveal that PD
can replace pixel-wise losses for training and achieve better generalization
performance when facing unseen downsamplings or even real-world degradation.
Experiments show that the use of PD refreshes state-of-the-art SR performance
and speeds up the convergence of training up to 2~10 times.Comment: Accepted by AAAI 202
DiffLLE: Diffusion-guided Domain Calibration for Unsupervised Low-light Image Enhancement
Existing unsupervised low-light image enhancement methods lack enough
effectiveness and generalization in practical applications. We suppose this is
because of the absence of explicit supervision and the inherent gap between
real-world scenarios and the training data domain. In this paper, we develop
Diffusion-based domain calibration to realize more robust and effective
unsupervised Low-Light Enhancement, called DiffLLE. Since the diffusion model
performs impressive denoising capability and has been trained on massive clean
images, we adopt it to bridge the gap between the real low-light domain and
training degradation domain, while providing efficient priors of real-world
content for unsupervised models. Specifically, we adopt a naive unsupervised
enhancement algorithm to realize preliminary restoration and design two
zero-shot plug-and-play modules based on diffusion model to improve
generalization and effectiveness. The Diffusion-guided Degradation Calibration
(DDC) module narrows the gap between real-world and training low-light
degradation through diffusion-based domain calibration and a lightness
enhancement curve, which makes the enhancement model perform robustly even in
sophisticated wild degradation. Due to the limited enhancement effect of the
unsupervised model, we further develop the Fine-grained Target domain
Distillation (FTD) module to find a more visual-friendly solution space. It
exploits the priors of the pre-trained diffusion model to generate
pseudo-references, which shrinks the preliminary restored results from a coarse
normal-light domain to a finer high-quality clean field, addressing the lack of
strong explicit supervision for unsupervised methods. Benefiting from these,
our approach even outperforms some supervised methods by using only a simple
unsupervised baseline. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior
effectiveness of the proposed DiffLLE
Genome analysis of Flaviramulus ichthyoenteri Th78T in the family Flavobacteriaceae: insights into its quorum quenching property and potential roles in fish intestine
Background: Intestinal microbes play significant roles in fish and can be possibly used as probiotics in aquaculture. In our previous study, Flaviramulus ichthyoenteri Th78(T), a novel species in the family Flavobacteriaceae, was isolated from fish intestine and showed strong quorum quenching (QQ) ability. To identify the QQ enzymes in Th78(T) and explore the potential roles of Th78(T) in fish intestine, we sequenced the genome of Th78(T) and performed extensive genomic analysis.
Results: An N-acyl homoserine lactonase FiaL belonging to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily was identified and the QQ activity of heterologously expressed FiaL was confirmed in vitro. FiaL has relatively little similarity to the known lactonases (25.2 similar to 27.9% identity in amino acid sequence). Various digestive enzymes including alginate lyases and lipases can be produced by Th78(T), and enzymes essential for production of B vitamins such as biotin, riboflavin and folate are predicted. Genes encoding sialic acid lyases, sialidases, sulfatases and fucosidases, which contribute to utilization of mucus, are present in the genome. In addition, genes related to response to different stresses and gliding motility were also identified. Comparative genome analysis shows that Th78(T) has more specific genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism compared to other two isolates in Flavobacteriaceae, both isolated from sediments.
Conclusions: The genome of Th78(T) exhibits evident advantages for this bacterium to survive in the fish intestine, including production of QQ enzyme, utilization of various nutrients available in the intestine as well as the ability to produce digestive enzymes and vitamins, which also provides an application prospect of Th78(T) to be used as a probiotic in aquaculture
AnimateZero: Video Diffusion Models are Zero-Shot Image Animators
Large-scale text-to-video (T2V) diffusion models have great progress in
recent years in terms of visual quality, motion and temporal consistency.
However, the generation process is still a black box, where all attributes
(e.g., appearance, motion) are learned and generated jointly without precise
control ability other than rough text descriptions. Inspired by image animation
which decouples the video as one specific appearance with the corresponding
motion, we propose AnimateZero to unveil the pre-trained text-to-video
diffusion model, i.e., AnimateDiff, and provide more precise appearance and
motion control abilities for it. For appearance control, we borrow intermediate
latents and their features from the text-to-image (T2I) generation for ensuring
the generated first frame is equal to the given generated image. For temporal
control, we replace the global temporal attention of the original T2V model
with our proposed positional-corrected window attention to ensure other frames
align with the first frame well. Empowered by the proposed methods, AnimateZero
can successfully control the generating progress without further training. As a
zero-shot image animator for given images, AnimateZero also enables multiple
new applications, including interactive video generation and real image
animation. The detailed experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed method in both T2V and related applications.Comment: Project Page: https://vvictoryuki.github.io/animatezero.github.io
Unique bacterial communities and lifestyles in deep ocean blue holes: Insights from the Yongle Blue Hole (South China Sea)
Deep ocean blue holes possess steep physicochemical gradients, especially low dissolved oxygen concentration, which shape the extraordinary microbial communities. However, the environmental responses of microorganisms with different lifestyles and knowledge of culturable microorganisms in the blue holes are still unknown. Here, we investigated the bacterial community structure with different lifestyles of the world’s deepest blue hole - the Yongle Blue Hole (YBH) in the South China Sea using both culture-dependent and -independent methods. YBH can be divided by oxygen content into an oxic zone, a suboxic zone and two anoxic zones. The abundance of bacteria, archaea, genes dsrB and soxB were all higher in the free-living (FL) lifestyle than in the particle-associated (PA) lifestyle, yet the diversity and richness of PA bacteria were higher than that of FL bacteria. More Gammaproteobacteria and less Alphaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Nitrospinae were observed within the FL fraction than within the PA fraction. The relative abundance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) was dominant between 100-140 m (anoxic zone I) in YBH, with a maximum of 90.0% (140 m FL fraction). The SOB in YBH were mainly colorless sulfur bacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria, of which Thiomicrorhabdus and Sulfurimonas were the main representatives. In addition, a total of 294 bacterial strains were isolated on a variety of media and culture conditions, and 22.2% (18/81) of anaerobic strains were identified as potential novel species. Our study reveals a distinction between FL and PA bacteria in YBH. It contributes to further understanding of the bacterial community in deep ocean blue holes, and provides bacterial resources for subsequent studies on their adaptation to extreme marine environments
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Diabetes reversal by inhibition of the low-molecular-weight tyrosine phosphatase.
Obesity-associated insulin resistance plays a central role in type 2 diabetes. As such, tyrosine phosphatases that dephosphorylate the insulin receptor (IR) are potential therapeutic targets. The low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) is a proposed IR phosphatase, yet its role in insulin signaling in vivo has not been defined. Here we show that global and liver-specific LMPTP deletion protects mice from high-fat diet-induced diabetes without affecting body weight. To examine the role of the catalytic activity of LMPTP, we developed a small-molecule inhibitor with a novel uncompetitive mechanism, a unique binding site at the opening of the catalytic pocket, and an exquisite selectivity over other phosphatases. This inhibitor is orally bioavailable, and it increases liver IR phosphorylation in vivo and reverses high-fat diet-induced diabetes. Our findings suggest that LMPTP is a key promoter of insulin resistance and that LMPTP inhibitors would be beneficial for treating type 2 diabetes
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