Evaluation of yield and alpha acid content in selected hop varieties

The stability of the agricultural and technological properties of hop varieties over the course of time and under changing climate is essential for both growers and brewers. This study is a typical case of monitoring 12 hop varieties selected from a collection of hop genetic resources, that were evaluated in the years 2009 to 2021. The assessed parameters were the hop yield and content of alpha acids with a focus on the variability/stability of this characteristics. Only the Pilgrim and Target hop varieties from England showed exceptional hop yield above 3 kg/plant. On the other hand, the lowest hop yield was obtained from the Saaz and Bramling Cross hop varieties, i.e. below 1.5 kg/plant. The lowest variability of hop yield - below 30% - was found in the Savinjski Golding, Bramling Cross and Saaz hop varieties. In contrast, the Bobek, Aurora, Pioneer and Phoenix hop varieties demonstrated the highest variability of hop yield, i.e. above 50%. Further, also Target and Phoenix have the highest content of alpha acids, namely 9.68% w/w and 9.56% w/w, respectively. The lowest content of alpha acids was determined in Saaz, which was the only hop variety with an alpha acid content below 3.0% w/w. The Premiant, Target and Aurora hop varieties exhibited a variability of alpha acid content below 20%. On the contrary, the Bobek and Pilgrim hop varieties had the highest variability of alpha acid content, namely above 30%.O

New Varieties and Perspective Genotypes of Hops

Hop breeding in Czech Republic has been aimed at aroma and bitter hops for a long time. Recently, we have managed to get some new genotypes with a specifi c fl avour. In 2017 Gaia and Boomerang have been released. New genotypes 5193 and 5164 have been submitted to registration process. New generation of fl avour hops is typical by the wide variability of the various types of hop aroma

Evaluation of hop yield stability in Czech bitter hop varieties

Between the years 2011 and 2022, the Czech hop varieties Agnus, Rubín, Vital, Gaia and Boomerang were evaluated in terms of their hop yield. The highest hop yield was recorded in Gaia (2.99 kg/plant) and Vital (2.92 kg/plant). Boomerang had the lowest yield (2.11 kg/plant.). The lowest variability of yield was determined in Vital (19.74%) and the highest in Boomerang (33.29%) and Agnus (32.98%). Vital demonstrated the lowest decreasing trend of hop yield over a period of 12 years. Rubín showed the highest decreasing trend

Essential oils in Czech hop varieties

Czech hop varieties were evaluated as part of maintenance breeding. The evaluation was performed in a single location between 2011 and 2020. The average weight of hop essential oils (HEOs) is 0.43 to 2.28% w/w. The Saaz, Saaz Brilliant, Mimosa, Saaz Shine and Saaz Comfort hop varieties have a low amount of HEOs. Their maximum content of these compounds amounts to 1.1% w/w. The average proportion of myrcene is between 23.42 and 45.14% rel. Only the Agnus, Vital and Boomerang hop varieties have the maximum myrcene proportion above 50% rel. The average share of caryophyllene ranges between 6.19 and 13.15% rel. Saaz Late has a broad range of caryophyllene percentage – from 5.39% rel. to 15.53% rel. The average percenatge of farnesene is between 0.14 and 16.91% rel. Only the Saaz Comfort and Saaz Shine hop varieties have the maximum farnesene share above 20% rel. The average humulene content has a very broad range between 2.23 and 35.79% rel. The Vital, Mimosa, Gaia and Saaz Comfort hop varieties are in a group with a low humulene percentage, which is clearly different from other hop varieties. The average share of selinenes ranges broadly from 0.97 to 33.56% rel. Mimosa differs from the before mentioned varieties with its proportion of selinenes between 23.08 and 43.75% rel. The aim was to characterize and compare Czech hop varieties in terms of content and composition of HEOs

Evaluation of variability of the content of alpha and beta acids in Czech bittering hop varieties (Humulus lupulus L.)

Czech bitter varieties were evaluated between 2010 and 2022. Hop varieties displayed an average content of alpha acids between 10.24% w/w (Agnus) and 13.73% w/w (Gaia). Variability below 15%, proved good stability of alpha acids content in all tested bittering hops. All varieties showed a decrease in the content of alpha acids over a period of 13 years of hop cultivation. The highest content of beta acids was determined in Gaia (7.30% w/w). In contrast, the lowest content of beta acids was found in Rubín (3.73% w/w). The new bitter genotypes Uran and 5304 had an average alpha acid content of 11.56% w/w and 10.82% w/w, respectively. Uran showed an average beta acid content of 5.47% w/w and for the genotype 5304 it was 3.61% w/w. In terms of the alpha/beta acids ratio, the hop varieties can be divided into three groups. The first group included the varieties with an alpha/beta acids ratio below 2, i.e. Vital, Boomerang and Gaia. While Agnus and Uran displayed an alpha/beta ratio slightly above 2. The highest alpha/beta ratio above 3 was found in Rubín and the 5303 genotype

Interpersonal dynamics in dubbing of TV series: dominance, verbal and non-verbal action of characters

So far the filmic dialogue and its translation have been researched mainly from the perspective of the translator of the script, this approach being justified by the claim that the translator cannot manipulate any other but the verbal code. The nature of the audiovisual text, whether in its original or dubbed version, is, nevertheless, explicitly multimodal, and its complex meaning is coded on multiple level via diverse means. An important factor which makes audiovisual research complicated is the fact that the audiovisual text is essentially a teamwork determined by collaboration of many different people in different stages of its production. This thesis attempts to approach the audiovisual text of as a whole, that is, in the form it is presented to the audience. The opening part identifies the specifities of audiovisual text and its dubbing, including its multidimensionality, role and function of its dialogue, process of dubbing production and constraints of the contemporary Czech dubbing market. What follows is a contrastive analysis of an opening scene of The X-Files Pilot in its English and Czech dubbed versions with respect to the sequential build-up of the interpersonal dynamics in both versions. Also focused is the interplay of the verbal and non-verbal codes in the action of the characters. For..