Clinical Trials of Eclipta Prostrata (L.)L as Hepatoprotective and Their Market Formulations"

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Automatic Acquisition Of Knowledge For Solving Analysis Tasks

The extraction of knowledge from domain experts for the purpose of building expert systems has been found to be a difficult and a time- consuming enterprise. Researchers have therefore looked at the - possibility of automating this task of knowledge acquisition. The existing knowledge acquisition systems rely on either some task-specific knowledge or general techniques for knowledge elicitation for obtaining problem-solving expertise from domain experts. Generally, systems which employ task-specific knowledge produce better problem-solving expertise than those systems which use elicitation techniques. However, the scope of applicability of former systems is relatively narrow. This is the central problem addressed in this thesis: to design a knowledge acquisition system which can be applied over a wide range of tasks with the purpose of acquiring useful problem-solving knowledge. The thesis presents a methodology and a system for knowledge acquisition called ASKE. The methodology prescribes that knowledge acquisition should start by defining the task and then use the developed task-model to acquire domain specific knowledge. ASKE is able to support this process by allowing the user to construct task-models and by being able to effectively use them for acquiring domain expertise. The advantage of progressing in this manner is two-fold: firstly, it widens the scope of applicability of the knowledge acquisition system; and, secondly, it makes possible the construction of knowledge-bases that exhibit expert performance. ASKE contains knowledge engineering expertise which it uses to help domain experts encode their problem-solving expertise directly into a knowledge-base. The system derives its power from the templates which encode knowledge. The templates serve a triple function: they represent knowledge - their normal function; they encode expectations of the kind of knowledge that is to be acquired; and, they serve as a guide for how problem-solving knowledge may be organized so as to facilitate its encapsulation into a knowledge-base

An implementation program for Foundation Course in Competency Based Medical Education Curriculum

After a gap of nearly two decades, Medical Council of India (MCI) has revised, rather revamped, the Undergraduate (UG) medical curriculum, making it competency based (CBME) and learner centric

Climate Resilient Agriculture Practices - The Future of Farming

Climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) harnesses the intrinsic roots of agricultural and oxen production systems to generate increased long-term yields and farm income through sustainability. This review paper aims to draw attention to climate-resilient farming practices for medicinal plants and other cereal crops. There are several techniques and strategies that can be used to adapt to climate change, including yield-tolerant strains in poultry and cattle, Feed administration, irrigation, Agro-consulting and clay organic carbon. Governmental climate change adaptation programs such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) continue to be implemented. Agriculture in India offers a living for the bulk of the populace and should never be disregarded. Increased demand for quantity, healthful food and diversity, as well as globalization effects and rising median income, would be revealed by India's growing population, globalization effects and increasing median income. Nutrient deficiencies in Indian soils, Imbalanced fertilizer application and Lack of Nitrogen-fixing crops have all caused significant climatic stress in India and the rest of the world. Various programs and policies, such as the Soil Health (Vitality) Card Scheme, are in place to improve fertilizer use efficiency. This cultivation practice pays attention to maintaining the environmental balance and bio-dynamization of agricultural systems so that ethical yield can be obtained

Students’ feedback on the foundation course in competency based medical education curriculum

The Medical Council of India (MCI) has formulated a new Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) Curriculum for the Indian Medical Graduates with an objective of making medical education outcome based. A one month long Foundation Course (FC) is a hallmark of this CBME which is implemented during the first month of first professional MBBS studies. The objective is to acquaint, allay apprehension and prepare freshers for further studies using andragogical and heutagogical approaches. The MCI also released the guidelines for the medical colleges for uniform conduct of FC across the country. The FC was divided into six modules, i.e. Orientation Module, Skills Module, Community orientation module, Professional Development and Ethics Module (P and E), Enhancement of Language and Computer Skills Module, and Sports and extracurricular activities. A total of 175 hours were allotted to these modules. Like every institute, our institute also developed the implementation program and time-table of FC using MCI guidelines and taking into account the available resources.  The FC at our institute was conducted from 1st August 2019 to 31st August 2019 and was meticulously planned and implemented. The effective implementation  required committed efforts of 30 faculty members (12 Professors, 11 Associate Professors and 7 Assistant Professors), two language and one fine arts teacher,  and 4 non-teaching members  (Librarian, IT-personnel, Coach for sports and motivational Guru). The students were trained to write reflections daily in their log - books which are being analysed further.

Perinatal and maternal outcome in meconium stained amnioticfluid (thin and thick) at dhiraj general hospital, a rural tertiary health centre

Background: To determine the perinatal outcome of with Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) compared with clear amniotic fluid at Dhiraj Hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in obstetrics and gynaecology department of Dhiraj Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth from March 2021 to August 2021. All patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria as mentioned above were taken for the study. All the categorial variables were analysed independently with the help of chi square test and fisher’s exact test and all the continuous variables were analysed with independent ‘t test’.Results: Out of 500 patients selected for the present study which had inclusion criteria, 13.6% were meconium stained out of which 50 (73.5%) cases had thin meconium and 18 (26.4%) cases had thick meconium. Fetal CTG abnormalities were more common in MSAF group and were noted in 38.2% of cases which is significantly increased compared to control group with CTG abnormalities in 8.3%. The difference was significant with p value of <0.001. 32(47.0%) patients with meconium-stained amniotic fluid had normal vaginal delivery, while in control group out of 432, 360 (83.3%) delivered normally. Incidence of LSCS and assisted vaginal delivery was more in meconium-stained amniotic fluid.Conclusions: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is associated with more frequency of operative delivery, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions compared to clear amniotic fluid. Better perinatal outcome in clear amniotic fluid compared to meconium stained liquor

Novel mass spectrometry-based approaches for the characterisation of systems of biological interest

Originally established as an analytical technique in the fields of physics and chemistry, mass spectrometry has now also become an essential tool in biology. Advances in ionisation methods and novel types of instrumentation have led to the development of mass spectrometry for the analysis of a wide variety of biological samples. The work presented here describes the use mass spectrometry for the study of a number of biological systems. A new family of techniques has been developed allowing ions to be created under ambient conditions. Three of these ambient ionisation techniques, coupled to different mass analysers, were employed for the rapid screening of pharmaceutical formulations. Active ingredients were identified and subjected to collisionally induced dissociation, enabling the elucidation of potential fragmentation pathways. Drug metabolites were also successfully identified from biological samples. Inorganic mass spectrometry was employed to probe the metal centres of the enzyme, particulate methane monooxygenase, a methane-oxidising complex found in certain bacteria. This protein has been extensively studied, but questions remain regarding its catalytic mechanism, particularly the involvement of indigenous metal ions. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry experiments have indicated the presence of copper and iron within the enzyme. Protein cross-sections, obtained using ion mobility mass spectrometry, can be used to probe the conformation of molecules in the gas phase. A commercial instrument was used to investigate human hemoglobin from clinical samples. A complex assembly mechanism was deduced, resolving previous disputes in the literature, and conformational differences were observed between healthy and sickle molecules. The field of proteomics is rapidly evolving; as described, techniques are constantly being developed and improved to deal with the enormous complexity that proteomes present. Three proteomics approaches were used to study a recently identified bacterium under two growth conditions. Differences in protein expression were observed and correlated to relevant biological pathways.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Development and integration of soil moisture sensor with drip system for precise irrigation scheduling through mobile phone

Soil moisture sensor is an instrument for quick measurements of soil moisture content in the crop root zone on real time basis. The main objective of this research was development and evaluation of an indigenous sensor for precise irrigation scheduling. The various parts of sensor developed were ceramic cup, acrylic pipe, level sensor, tee, reducer, gland, cork, and end cap. The designed system was successfully tested on okra crop and calibrated with frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) by three methods of irrigation, i.e. check basin, furrow and drip, respectively. The average depth of water depletion in modified tensiometer by these methods was 27 to 35 cm at 50% management allowable depletion (MAD) of field capacity. This depth was useful for the level sensor to be installed inside modified tensiometer for real time irrigation scheduling. The correlation coefficient (R2) between soil moisture content obtained from the developed sensor and FDR was 0.963. Sensor network was integrated with global system for mobile communication (GSM), short message service (SMS) and drip head work to develop an automated irrigation system. This would enable farmers to effectively monitor and control water application in the field by sending command through SMS and receiving pumping status through the mobile phone

Study of discrepancies in ABO blood grouping: experience of a tertiary health-care center

Background: An accurate ABO grouping is the most important test which is done in the blood bank. Mistyping can lead to transfusion with ABO incompatible blood which results in severe intravascular haemolysis and may even result in the death of the recipient. An ABO discrepancy implies that the forward or red cell ABO grouping does not agree with the reverse or serum ABO grouping. The study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of ABO blood group discrepancies, to identified main causes of discrepancies, to avoid chances of wrong interpretation of blood group and to mitigate clinical impact associated with mismatch ABO transfusion.Methods: A prospective study of ABO discrepancies and their causes was performed on 25,129 samples of the patients and 13,251 samples of blood donors at the red cell serology laboratory in tertiary care teaching hospital and blood bank over the period from February 2017 to July 2018.Results: ABO group discrepancies were mainly divided in 4 different groups. Out of 51 discrepancies 32 (62.74%) were found in group-IV category, being highest amongst all; 10 (19.60%) in group-II which was second highest; other were 8 (15.69%) in group-I and 1 (1.96%) in group-III category.Conclusions: All discrepancies reported on ABO cell and serum grouping must be investigated further, so that correct blood group is reported, minimizing the chances of transfusion reaction. A note of caution should be mentioned on the blood group card to prevent ABO incompatibility in case of transfusion