Understanding the Flow Mechanism of Fuyu oil layer in a certain Block

The Fuyu oil layer in a certain block is an ultra-low permeability oil layer. The development scale of sand bodies in the Fuyu oil layer is narrow, with rapid changes in facies on the plane, strong reservoir heterogeneity, and complex oil and gas accumulation and oil water distribution. Understanding the flow mechanism of the Fuyu oil layer in a certain block can help improve the development effect of this bloc

Effects of activation energy on the instability of oblique detonation surfaces with a one-step chemistry model

A numerical study was performed to investigate the detailed effects of activation energy Ea on the oblique detonation wave surface instability. Numerical simulations were performed using an ideal reactive flow model given by the inviscid Euler equations with one-step irreversible Arrhenius reaction kinetics. The numerical results demonstrate two types of unstable structures following the initial smooth surface after detonation initiation. One exhibits by a “saw-tooth” reactive front and the other exhibits by a “keystone” feature. To quantify the destabilization processes, two characteristic length scales, L1 and L2, are defined statistically to be the length of the smooth detonation surface before the appearance of instabilities and the length of the unstable surface before the first cellular structure with the onset of right-running transverse waves, respectively. Their dependence on Ea was simulated and analyzed. In general, both lengths decrease with increasing Ea, making the surface more unstable. However, with increasing Ea, the high temperature sensitivity of the mixture causes an abrupt explosion in the initiation region, introducing a high overdriven surface and suppressing the instability. With the balance between the destabilizing effect of Ea and the stabilizing effect of increasing overdrive factor, both L1 and L2 are found to approach a near-constant value in the high Ea limit

The relationship of remnant cholesterol and abdominal obesity in children: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundPrevious studies found that remnant cholesterol (RC) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and childhood obesity is associated with cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to explore the relationship between RC and abdominal obesity in children.MethodsA total of 5,959 children, aged 6−12 years old, were selected from a cross-sectional study in urban-rural areas of Chongqing, China. RC was calculated by total cholesterol (TC)—high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol—low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol and was divided into four groups by quartiles (Q1–Q4).ResultsCompared to children with the lowest RC (Q1), children with higher RC had significantly higher odds of abdominal obesity (Q2: OR = 1.450, 95% CI: 1.131−1.859, p < 0.05; Q3: OR = 2.127, 95% CI: 1.632−2.772, p < 0.001; Q4: OR = 2.386, 95% CI: 1.819−3.130, p < 0.001). In the stratified analyses by urban-rural areas, the odds ratios were greater in rural areas (Q2: OR = 2.228, 95% CI: 1.572−3.160, p < 0.001; Q3: OR = 3.668, 95% CI: 2.191−6.140, p < 0.001; Q4: OR = 6.490, 95% CI: 2.271−18.551, p < 0.001) than in urban areas (Q2: OR = 1.644, 95% CI: 1.192−2.266, p < 0.05; Q3: OR = 2.266, 95% CI: 1.667−3.082, p < 0.001; Q4: OR = 2.711, 95% CI: 2.005−3.665, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study found that RC was positively correlated with abdominal obesity in children, and this association was higher for children living in rural areas

Clinical significance of HER2 in urothelial carcinoma and analysis of its correlation with glycolytic metabolic characteristics

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the clinical relevance of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and its association with glycolytic metabolic markers, insulin resistance, and beta-cell function, shedding light on potential therapies targeting both HER2 pathways and cancer metabolism.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, 237 UC patients from the Departments of Urology and Pathology at Shandong Provincial Hospital were examined. From 1 January 2023, to 1 October 2024, patients underwent HER2 testing using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We investigated the relationships between HER2 expression and metabolic indicators such as the Homeostatic Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), beta-cell function (HOMA-β), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. HER2 status was determined using a standardized scoring system from the 2021 Clinical Pathological Expert Consensus on HER2 Testing in UC, China. Statistical analysis followed CDC guidelines, using multivariate logistic regression to assess the independent impacts of HER2 on metabolic traits.ResultsOf the 237 evaluated UC samples, 87.76% exhibited positive HER2 expression. A significant correlation was found between positive HER2 status, advanced tumor stages, and increased LDH levels, suggesting a link between HER2 expression and heightened glycolytic activity. No significant relationships were observed between HER2 status and TyG levels, HOMA-IR, or HOMA-B. Subgroup analyses confirmed the consistency of the relationship between HER2 expression and LDH levels across different demographics and lifestyle factors.ConclusionOur findings confirm the significant role of HER2 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in UC. The association of HER2 positivity with advanced tumor stages and high LDH levels underscores its complex involvement in disease progression. This study highlights the need to explore HER2’s biological mechanisms further and pursue combined therapeutic strategies

A review of the preparation process and anode stabilization strategies of Zn microbatteries

As a burgeoning energy storage technology, Zn microbatteries (ZMBs) exhibit expansive potential for applications. This article initially presents a method for fabricating ZMBs utilizing interdigitated electrodes, employing advanced techniques such as 3D printing, screen printing, laser etching, and electrodeposition. These methodologies play a crucial role in mitigating anode-related issues, consequently enhancing battery performance. Subsequently, the challenges encountered by ZMBs anodes, including dendrite formation, corrosion passivation, hydrogen evolution, and Zn cycle exfoliation, are thoroughly examined. Lastly, a comprehensive strategy for stabilizing the anode is delineated, encompassing anode material selection, anode structure construction, interface engineering, and electrolyte optimization. In essence, the preparation and fine-tuning of ZMBs present ongoing challenges. With continued research and development efforts, it is anticipated that ZMBs will attain efficient, stable, and secure performance on the microscale, offering enduring and dependable energy solutions for applications in miniature electronic devices and wearable technology

Unveiling the rhizosphere microbiome of Dendrobium: mechanisms, microbial interactions, and implications for sustainable agriculture

The rhizosphere microbiome plays a critical role in plant health and productivity by fostering beneficial microbial interactions that support nutrient cycling, stress tolerance, and disease suppression. In the context of Dendrobium, understanding its interactions is essential for optimizing cultivation and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This review explores the rhizosphere microbiome of Dendrobium, focusing on the mechanisms and microbial interactions that contribute to plant health, stress tolerance, and growth and their implications for sustainable agriculture. This study highlights the diverse composition of microbial communities in the Dendrobium rhizosphere, including key bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis), fungi (e.g., Glomus spp.), and biocontrol agents (Trichoderma spp.), and discusses their roles in nutrient cycling, disease suppression, and plant growth promotion. This review emphasizes the significance of plant-microbe signaling, such as the production of flavonoids, phytohormones, and strigolactones, in shaping the microbial environment and enhancing plant resilience. Additionally, it addresses modern techniques for analyzing microbial communities, including metagenomics and next-generation sequencing, and their applications in advancing precision agriculture. Future research should focus on bridging knowledge gaps related to genotype-microbiome interactions, exploring emerging microbial consortia and enhancing the integration of microbiome management in precision agriculture systems to improve plant health and productivity

Effect of Biodiesel impurities (K, Na, P) on non-catalytic and catalytic activities of Diesel soot in model DPF regeneration conditions

Abstract(#br)The impact of Biodiesel impurities (Na, K and P) on the non-catalytic and catalytic reactivity of Diesel soot was evaluated under model DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) regeneration conditions. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) measurements confirmed that Na and K depositing into soot or on the surface of the catalyst enhanced the oxidative reactivity of soot under both O 2 and NO x + O 2 and Na-doped samples showed better results. However, the presence of P inhibited the non-catalytic and catalytic reactivity. These findings can be mainly attributed to the changes in nanostructure and surface chemical properties of the doped samples, characterized by Raman, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H 2 temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) and NO temperature-programmed oxidation (NO-TPO). The result of this characterization evidenced that the presence of Na and K increased structural defects of soot and reduction ability of the catalyst. Moreover, Na-/K-doped catalysts presented higher oxidizing ability of NO into NO 2 , whereas the opposite trend was observed for the P-containing catalysts. In addition, higher structural disorder of Na-doped soot and higher alkali metal content on the surface of Na-doped catalyst might lead to enhanced reactivity in comparison to K-doped soot and catalyst

Expression of HER2 in high-grade urothelial carcinoma based on Chinese expert consensus and the clinical effects of disitamab vedotin-tislelizumab combination therapy in the treatment of advanced patients

Background: A vast number of researchers have discovered high levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression in urothelial carcinoma (UC), but they do not use a uniform scoring system. Based on the 2021 edition of clinical pathological expert consensus on HER-2 testing in UC in China, we investigated the expression level and clinical significance of HER2 in high-grade UC. Furthermore, we looked at the prognosis of patients with locally advanced/metastatic UC after combining HER2 targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) medication disitamab vedotin (DV) with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor tislelizumab.Patients and methods: From 2019 to 2022, we collected paraffin specimens of UC from the Department of Urology at the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. HER2 expression-related factors were investigated. Patients with advanced UC who have failed systemic chemotherapy at least once and had received immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) medication during second-line treatment were selected and treated with DV in combination with tislelizumab. We assessed the therapy’s efficacy and safety.Results: 185 patients with high-grade UC were included in this investigation. 127 patients (68.7%) were HER2 positive (IHC 2+/3+) according to the 2021 Clinical pathological expert consensus on HER2 testing in UC in China. The clinical stage of UC differed statistically significantly between the HER2-and HER2+ groups (p = 0.019). Sixteen advanced UC patients were treated with DV and tislelizumab for a median of 14 months. The disease control rate was 87.5%, while the objective response rate (ORR) was 62.5%. The ORR of HER2+ individuals was higher than that of HER2-individuals (70.0% vs. 50.0%). The median progression-free survival or overall survival was not reached. In this study, the incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 68.8% (11/16), with all of them being grade 1 or 2 adverse reactions.Conclusion: HER2 protein expressed at a high percentage in UC, and 68.7% patients expressed HER2 positive (IHC 2+/3+). HER2+ expression is positively correlated with higher clinical stage of UC. HER2 targeted ADC drug disitamab vedotin combining with PD-1 inhibitor tislelizumab has shown efficacy, safety and controllable adverse reactions in the treatment of advanced UC

Automatic extraction of shorelines from Landsat TM and ETM+ multi-temporal images with subpixel precision

A high precision geometric method for automated shoreline detection from Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery is presented. The methodology is based on the application of an algorithm that ensures accurate image geometric registration and the use of a new algorithm for sub-pixel shoreline extraction, both at the sub-pixel level. The analysis of the initial errors shows the influence that differences in reflectance of land cover types have over shoreline detection, allowing us to create a model to substantially reduce these errors. Three correction models were defined according to the type of gain used in the acquisition of the original Landsat images. Error assessment tests were applied on three artificially stabilised coastal segments that have a constant and well-defined land-water boundary. A testing set of 45 images (28 TM, 10 ETM high-gain and 7 ETM low-gain) was used. The mean error obtained in shoreline location ranges from 1.22 to 1.63. m, and the RMSE from 4.69 to 5.47. m. Since the errors follow a normal distribution, then the maximum error at a given probability can be estimated. The results confirm that the use of Landsat imagery for detection of instantaneous coastlines yields accuracy comparable to high-resolution techniques, showing the potential of Landsat TM and ETM images in those applications where the instantaneous lines are a good geomorphological descriptor. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.The authors appreciate the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and the Spanish Plan E in the framework of the Projects CGL2009-14220-C02-01 and CGL2010-19591.Pardo Pascual, JE.; Almonacid Caballer, J.; Ruiz Fernández, LÁ.; Palomar-Vázquez, J. (2012). Automatic extraction of shorelines from Landsat TM and ETM+ multi-temporal images with subpixel precision. Remote Sensing of Environment. 123:1-11. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.024S11112