Observation-based global soil heterotrophic respiration indicates underestimated turnover and sequestration of soil carbon by terrestrial ecosystem models

This study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 41988101), National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0607304), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number: 42022004 and 41901085) and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2019QZKK0606).Peer reviewedPostprin

Projected soil carbon loss with warming in constrained Earth system models

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42230411), the NSFC project Basic Science Centre for Tibetan Plateau Earth System (41988101), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2019QZKK0606), the Science and Technology Plan Project of Tibet Autonomous Region (XZ202201ZY0015G), and Innovation Program for Young Scholars of TPESER (TPESER-QNCX2022ZD-02). We also acknowledge the support of Kathmandu Center for Research and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences—Tribhuvan University.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Induction of RNAi core machinery's gene expression by exogenous dsRNA and the effects of pre-exposure to dsRNA on the gene silencing efficiency in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is an important agricultural pest and biological model organism, and RNA interference (RNAi) is an important tool for functional genomics and for insect pest management. However, the efficiency of RNAi in pea aphids is variable, limiting its application in aphids. In this study, we present optimized conditions for inducing and increasing the gene silencing efficiency of RNAi in pea aphids. The optimal gene silencing of the target Aphunchback gene was achieved by injecting 600 ng double-stranded (ds) RNA, and the highest mRNA depletion rate (74%) was detected at 36 h after injection. Moreover, the same gene silencing conditions were used to achieve transcript silencing for nine different genes in the pea aphid, although the silencing efficiencies for the different genes varied. Furthermore, the pre-exposure of aphids to dsRNA (600 ng dsGFP) led to significant hunchback silencing following a secondary exposure to 60 ng of dshunchback, a dose which did not lead to gene silencing when independently injected. The information presented here can be exploited to develop more efficient RNAi bioassays for pea aphids, both as gene functional study tools and an insect pest control strategy

The paleoclimatic footprint in the soil carbon stock of the Tibetan permafrost region

Data and code availability The authors declare that the majority of the data supporting the findings of this study are available through the links given in the paper. The unpublished data are available from the corresponding author upon request. The new estimate of Tibetan soil carbon stock and R code are available in a persistent repository (https://figshare.com/s/4374f28d880f366eff6d). Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (A) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050101), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41871104), Key Research and Development Programs for Global Change and Adaptation (2017YFA0603604), International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (131C11KYSB20160061) and the Thousand Youth Talents Plan project in China. Jinzhi Ding acknowledges the General (2017M620922) and the Special Grade (2018T110144) of the Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Decadal soil carbon accumulation across Tibetan permafrost regions

Acknowledgements We thank the members of Peking University Sampling Teams (2001–2004) and IBCAS Sampling Teams (2013–2014) for assistance in field data collection. We also thank the Forestry Bureau of Qinghai Province and the Forestry Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region for their permission and assistance during the sampling process. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31670482 and 31322011), National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change (2014CB954001 and 2015CB954201), Chinese Academy of Sciences-Peking University Pioneer Cooperation Team, and the Thousand Young Talents Program.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprin

Source code for “Decadal soil carbon accumulation across Tibetan permafrost regions”

Source code for the linear mixed models in R software. <div><br></div><div>Any questions please email to the author ([email protected]).</div

Research of Tool-Coupling Based Electro-hydraulic System Development Method

This paper introduces a new kind of tool-coupling based electro-hydraulic system development method including designing character-oriented electro-hydraulic system development and design procedure, co-simulation based system coupling strategy, client-server model management method. An integrated development platform is designed for co-simulation among AMESim, Matlab\Simulink, Flowmaster, Saber and Simplorer. The platform can manage each simulator’s models and co-simulation procedure. The result illustrates tool coupling based electro-hydraulic system development method can improve the efficiency of multi-team collaborative design for electro-hydraulic system and also can analyze and evaluate the performance of integrated electro-hydraulic system at the initial stage of the design procedure.QC 20190508</p

Integration of modeling and verification for system model based on KARMA language

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) enables to verify the system performance using system behavior models, which can identify design faults that do not meet the stakeholders' requirements as early as possible, thus reducing the R&amp;D cost and error risks. Currently, different domain engineers make use of different modeling languages to create their own behavior models. Different behavior models are verified by different approaches. It is difficult to adopt a unified integrated platform to support the modeling and verification of heterogeneous behavior models during the conceptual design phase. This paper proposes a unified modeling and verification approach supporting system formalisms and verification. The KARMA language is used to support the unified formalisms across MBSE models and dynamic simulations for different domain specific models. In order to describe the behavior model more precisely and to facilitate verification, the syntax of hybrid automata is integrated into KARMA. We implemented behavior models and their verification in MetaGraph, a multi-architecture modeling tool. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by two cases: 1) the scenario of booking railway tickets using BPMN models; 2) the behavior performance simulation of unmanned vehicles using a SysML state machine diagram. </p

The driving factors of mercury storage in the Tibetan grassland soils underlain by permafrost

Soils, especially permafrost in the Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau, are one of the largest reservoirs of mercury (Hg) in the global environment. The Hg concentration in the grassland soils over the Tibetan Plateau and its driving factors have been less studied. This study analyzes soil total mercury (STHg) concentrations and its vertical distribution in grassland soil samples collected from the Tibetan Plateau. We adopt a nested-grid high-resolution GEOS-Chem model to simulate atmospheric Hg deposition. The relationship between STHg and soil organic carbon (SOC), as well as atmospheric deposition, are explored. Our results show that the STHg concentrations in the Tibetan Plateau are 19.8 +/- 12.2 ng/g. The concentrations are higher in the south and lower in the north in the Tibetan Plateau, consistent with the previous results. Our model shows that the average deposition flux of Hg is 3.3 mu g m(-2) yr(-1), with 57% contributed by dry deposition of elemental mercury (Hg-0), followed by dry (19%) and wet (24%) deposition of divalent mercury. We calculate the Hg to carbon ratio (R-Hg:C) as 5.6 +/- 6.5 mu g Hg/g C, and the estimated STHg is 86.6 +/- 101.2 Gg in alpine grasslands in the Tibetan Plateau. We find a positive relationship between STHg and SOC in the Tibetan Plateau (r(2) = 0.36) and a similar positive relationship between STHg and atmospheric total Hg deposition (r(2) = 0.24). A multiple linear regression involving both variables better model the observed STHg (r(2) = 0.42). We conclude that SOC and atmospheric deposition influence STHg simultaneously in this region. The data provides information to quantify the size of the soil Hg pool in the Tibetan Plateau further, which has important implications for the Hg cycles in the permafrost regions as well as on the global scale. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved